情态动词用法归纳1

情态动词用法归纳1 （一）情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 （二）情态动词的特点1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。 （三）情态动词的基本用法情态动词有can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 一、can,could1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can youlift thisheavy box?（体力）Mary canspeak threelanguages.（知识）Can youskate?（技能）此时可用be able to代替。 Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 Ill not be ableto ethis afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be ableto，不能用Can。 如He was ableto go tothe partyyesterday eveningin spiteof theheavy rain.2)表示请求和允许。 -Can I go now?-Yes,you can./No,you cant.（此时可与may互换。 在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 比如-Could Ie tosee you tomorrow?-Yes,you can.(No,Im afraidnot.)3)表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 Theyve changedthe timetable,so wecan goby businstead.This hallcan hold500people atleast.4)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true?This cantbedone byhim.How canthisbetrue? 二、may,might1)表示请求和允许。 might比may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。 否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。 -Might/May Ismoke inthis room?-No,you mustnt.-May/Might I take thisbook outof theroom?-Yes,you can.(No,you cant/mustnt.)用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May yousueed!（祝你成功!）3)表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。 might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 1He may/might bevery busynow.2Your mothermay/might notknow thetruth. 三、must,have to1)表示必须、必要。 You must e intime.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt,dont have to（不必）.-Must wehand inour exercisebooks today?-Yes,you must.-No,you dont have to/you neednt.2)must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。 Must只有一般现在时，have to有更多的时态形式。 1The playisnt interesting,I reallymust gonow.2I had to workwhen Iwas yourage.3)表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1Youre Toms goodfriend,so you must knowwhat helikes best.2Your mothermust bewaiting foryou now. 四、dare,need1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。 1How dare you sayIm unfair?2He darent speakEnglish beforesuch acrowd,dare he?3If wedared not go therethat day，we couldnt getthe beautifulflowers.2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。 在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,ought to,should代替。 1You neednteso early.2.-Need I finish the work today?-Yes,you must./No,you neednt.3)dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。 在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。 在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。 而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 1.I dare to swimacross thisriver.2.He doesnt dare(to)answer.3.He needsto finishhis homeworktoday. 五、shall,should1)shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 What shallwe do this evening?2)shall用于第 二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1.You shallfail if you dont workhard.(警告)2.He shallhave the book when Ifinishit.(允诺)3.He shall be punished.(威胁) 六、will,would1)表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will/Would youpass methe ball,please?2)表示意志、愿望和决心。 1.I willnever dothat again.2.They askedhim ifhe wouldgo abroad.3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。 would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 1.During thevacation,he wouldvisit meevery otherday.2.The woundwould notheal.4)表示估计和猜想。 It would be aboutten oclock when she lefthome. 七、should,ought to1)should,ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 1.I shouldhelp her because sheis introuble.2.You ought to takecare ofthe baby.2)表示劝告、建议和命令。 should,ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 1.You should/ought togo toclass rightaway.2.Should Iopen the window?3)表示推测should,ought to(客观推测),must(主观推测)。 1.He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)2.He ought to/should behomebynow.(不太肯定)3.This iswhere theoil must be.(直爽)4.This iswhere theoil ought to/should be.(含蓄)4.)would和used to1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。 People used to thinkthat theearth wasflat.过去人们认为地球是平的。 （现在人们不这么认为。 ）She wouldgo outfor awalk in the morningwhenshe was in the country.在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。 （可能现在仍有散步的习惯。 ）2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。 He used to?would smokewhile writing.过去他写东西时常抽烟。 She usedto befat.她过去很胖。 情态动词+完成式对过去或完成的猜测must/may/might/could/cant/couldnt/can?/could?have done虚拟语气could have done本来可以；有可能neednt have done本没必要做某事should/ought to havedone本应该做某事shouldnt/oughtnttohavedone本不应该做某事情态动词练习11.I_you,because I thought Imust bewrong.A.dare not ask B.dare not to askC.dare notasking D.dare to notask2.There_some flowersinthegarden.A.were usedto beB.usedtobe C.uses tobe D.usedtobe having3._Itakeit out?Im sorry,you_.A.Could.couldnt B.Might.might not C.Could.can D.May.cant4.You werestupid toclimb thetree.You_hurt yourself.A.may B.might C.will D.might have5.You_those letters.Why didnt you?A.should post B.should haveposted C.must haveposted D.ought topost.6.All thelights areon,the Smiths_up.A.must get B.is gettingC.must begetting D.would get7.He_lead ahorse tothe waterbut he_not makeit drink.A.will.can B.may.can C.may.dares D.dare.can8.Need wedothisjob now?Yes,_.A.you need B.you should C.you must D.you can9._tohavelunch withus today?A.Do you likes B.Would youlike C.Will youliked D.Have youliked10.He saidthat you_watch TVall theevening ifyou wished.A.may B.must C.can D.might11.-Is Johning bytrain?-He should,but he_not.He likesdriving hiscar.A.must B.can C.need D.may12.Peter_e withus tonight,but heisnt verysure yet.A.must B.can C.may D.will13.Michael_be apoliceman,for hes muchtoo short.A.neednt B.cant C.shouldnt D.wont14.I thought you_be hungry,so Ihave brought you somecakes.A.may B.might C.can D.could15.I wonderhow he_that tothe teacher.A.dare to say B.dare sayingC.not daresay D.dared say16.Come on!We_hurry becausethere isnt muchtime left.A.may B.must C.can D.need17.Amy didbest inthe Englishtest.She_hard lastweek.A.must haveworking B.should have worked C.should workD.must work18.The firespread throughthe hotelvery quicklybut everyone_get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was ableto19.-I stayedat ahotel whilein NewYork.-Oh,did you?You_with Barbara.A.could havestayed B.could stayC.would stayD.must havestayed20.Its nearlyseven oclock.Jack_be hereat anymoment.A.must B.need C.should D.can答案1.A2.B3.D4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C情态动词练习21May Istop mycar here?No,you_.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.dont haveto2.Must weclean thehouse now?No,you_.A.neednt B.may not C.mustnt D.cant3.John hisfather abouthis failureinthe exam.A.dares not tell B.dares nottelling C.dare nottell D.dares notto tell4.You returnthebooknow.You cankeep itnext weekifyoulike.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not5.Johnny,you playwith theknife,you hurt yourself.A.wont.cant B.mustnt.may C.shouldnt,must D.cant.shouldnt6.The firespread throughthe hotelvery quicklybut everyoneget out.A.had toB.would C.could D.was ableto7.Would yougo outfor awalk withme?No,I.My girlfriend ising.A.wouldnt B.shall not C.wont D.shouldnt8.Man diewithout water.A.will B.can C.need D.shall9.If hestarted at90clock,he bethere bynow.A.needB.shall C.ought to D.must10.I mailedthe lettertwo weeksago.She_it.A.must receiveB.cant receiveC.might receiveD.must havereceived11.The professorgave ordersthat theexperiment before5:30p.m.A.be finishedB.will finishC.mustbefinished D.would befinished12.There wasplenty oftime.You_.A.mustnt hurryB.mustnt havehurried C.neednt hurry D.neednt havehurried13.Tom was a diligentboy.He goto schoolthough itwas raininghard.wasabletoB.could C.couldnt D.wasnt ableto14._Igoback beforelunch?No,I dont thinkyou_.A.Need.must B.Do.need toC.Must.havetoD.May.ought to15.The teacherdo allthe exercises,but apupil_.A.neednt.must B.may not.must C.neednt.neednt D.cant.must16.Would youopen thewindow please?Yes,I_.A.will B.would C.do D.can17.A liononly attacksa humanbeing whenit ishungry.A.should B.can C.will D.shall18._Must Ifinish thisnovel this morning?_No,you_.A.mustnt B.might not C.dont havetoD.cant19.The taxi_only holdsix passengers.It isfull.You takethe nextone.A.may.may B.can.may C.may.can D.must.can20.I alittle earlier,but Imet afriend ofmine onthe way.A.may e B.may havee C.could havee D.must havee21.I wishtogohome now,I?A.may B.cant C.must D.do22.He must have finishedhis homework,he?A.mustnt B.didnt C.neednt D.hasnt23.This penlooks likemine,yet it isnt.Whose itbe?A.must B.can C.may D.might24.He didnt dowell inthe exam.He hardat hislessons.A.must haveworked B.ought tohaveworkedC.would haveworked D.has worked25.I wonderhow hethat tothe teacher.A.daretosay B.dare sayingC.not daresay D.dared say26.Mr Baker,a numberof studentswant tosee you._they wait here oroutside?A.Should B.Will C.Shall D.Are27.You thetrees.Look,itisraining now.A.mustnt havewatered B.neednt havewatered C.could havewatered D.might havewatered28.I giveyou ananswer tomorrow.I promise!A.must B.will C.may D.shall29.As asoldier,you doas thehead tellsyou.A.will B.shall C.may D.ought30.The streetsare alldry.It_during thenight.A.cant haverained B.must haverained C.couldnt rainD.shouldnt haverained31.When_he leavethe hospital?I askedthe doctor.A.will B.shall C.can D.may32.They havenot finishtheworkup tonow._Well,they_A.should haveB.shouldC.ought toD.ought have33.Since itis alreadymidnight,we_.A.had betterleaving B.oughttohave leaveC.should takeour leaveD.might aswell leave34.you behappy!A.May B.Can C.Must D.Would35.Must wee tomorrow?A.No,you cant B.No,you neednt C.No,you mustnt D.No,you may not36.You missthe lesson,though wehave iton Thursday.A.mustnt.neednt B.neednt.mustnt C.mustnt.mustnt D.neednt.neednt37.To sueedin adifficult task,_.A.one needsto workhard B.to workhard isneeded C.you needbe ahard workingperson D.to workhard iswhat oneneeds38.In caseI_,I wouldtry again.A.will failB.would missC.should failD.shall miss39.Some peoplefeel thathandguns_.A.should controlB.should becontrolled C.mustbecontrolling D.can becontrol40._open thedoor foryou?A.Would youlike thatI B.Do youwant thatI C.Will ID.Shall I41.My son_the examination,but hewasnt carefulenough.A.might be ableto pass B.must havepassed C.could havepassed D.were abletopass42.Isnt itstrange thatthe lazyboy passtheexam?A.should B.has C.might D.would43.We thework soearly without your help.A.couldnt finishB.cant finishC.couldnt havefinished D.cant havefinished44.We themanager,but noone_his telephonenumber.A.could havecalled,knew B.could havecalled,had knownC.could call,had knownD.could call,knew45.Would youe andjoin them?I wishI.But I am busyat thismoment.A.cant B.couldntC.could D.can46.If Alicethis afternoon,the meetingshould beput off.A.would noteB.might note C.should note D.could note47.I didnt seeher inthe meetingroom thismorning.She atthe meeting.A.mustnt havespoken B.shouldnt havespoken C.neednt havespoken D.couldnt havespoken48.With somuch workon hand,youtosee thegame lastnight.A.mustnt goB.shouldntgoC.couldnt havegone D.shouldnt havegone49.Ithought youlikesomething toread,so Ihave brought you somebooks.A.may B.might C.could D.must50.There wasplenty oftime.She_.A.mustnt havehurried B.couldnt havehurried C.must not hurry D.neednt havehurried51.Its stillearly,you_.A.mustnt hurryB.wouldnthurryC.maynothurryD.dont haveto hurry52.Please openthewindow,_?A.cant youB.arentyouC.do youD.will you53.We forherbecauseshe nevercame.A.mustnt havewaited B.shouldnt havewaited C.mustnt wait D.neednt wait54.May Istop here?No,you_.A.mustnt B.might notC.neednt D.wont55.He_you morehelp,even thoughhewasvery busy.A.might havegiven B.might giveC.may havegiven D.may give56.I didnt seeher inthe meetingroom thismorning.She atthe meeting.A.mustnt havespoken B.shouldnt havespoken C:neednt havespoken D.couldnt havespoken57.Could Iborrow yourdictionary?Yes,of courseyou_.A.might B.will C.can D.should58.Please dont makea noise.-Illbeas quietasamouse.A.Yes,I wont B.No,I wontC.No,I willD.Yes,I will59.The youngman hasmade somuch noisethat henot havebeen allowedto attendthe concert.A.could B.must C.would D.should60.One oughtfor whatone hasdone.A.nottobe punishedB.to not be punishedC.tonotpunished D.notbepunished61.If youreally wantyourself tobe ingood health,youmustalways somuch.A.not,be smokingB.not,have smokedC.not,to smokeD.be not,smoking62.Where isMary?She isnthere.I thinkshe_.A.may havegone homeB.must havegone homeC.might havegone homeD.All theabove63.I thinkHelen isat home.No,she beat home,for shephoned mefrom theairport justfive minutesago.A.mustntB.needntC.cantD.dared not64.She isalready twohours late.What toher?A.can havehappened B.may havehappene