反意疑问句的种种特殊情况归纳

反意疑问句的种种特殊情况归纳 反意疑问句的种种特殊情况归纳反意疑问句的一般构成规则，大家比较熟悉，也较容易掌握，不需赘述。 但是，任何规则都有例外。 因此，笔者拟将在教学过程中接触到的关于反意疑问句的种种特殊情况归纳如下，以期对广大读者有所帮助。 一、如果陈述部分是something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词作句子主语时，疑问部分的主语用“it”代替；如果陈述部分的主语是someone(somebody),anyone(anybody),no one(nobody),everyone(everybody)等不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用“they”代替。 例如Everything goesvery well,doesnt it?Something iswrong withthat TVset,isnt it?Someone stolemy watch,didnt they?Everyone went to thezoo lastSunday,didnt they?Nobody islate for school,are they?注nothing在陈述部分中若做主语时，疑问部分用肯定形式，若做宾语或表语时，疑问部分用肯定形式或否定形式均可。 例如Nothing happens,does it?(nothing做主语)The managerknew nothingabout thatproject,did/didnt he?(nothing做宾语)She is nothing tome,is/isnt she?(nothing做表语) 二、若陈述部分的主语是this,that时，疑问部分的主语用“it”代替；若陈述部分的主是these,those时，则疑问部分的主语用“they”代替。 例如This isan interestingstory,isnt it?Those areyour classmates,arent they? 三、若陈述部分的主语是动词不定式、动名词及从句时，疑问部分的主语用“it”代替。 例如To learnEnglish wellis veryimportant,isnt it?Seeing isbelieving,isnt it?What weneed mostnow ismore money,isnt it? 四、若陈述部分的主语是one时，疑问部分的主语常用“one”代替，偶尔用“you”代替。 例如One cant knowwhat willhappen in the future,can one?/can you?One shouldlearn moreknowledge now,shouldnt one?/shouldnt you? 五、若陈述部分是“There be”句型结构时，疑问部分的主语用“there”；若“there”是和其他成分构成倒装句型时，疑问部分则根据主语的人称和数的一致原则而定。 例如There aresome foreignteachers in their school,arent there?There will be afootball match,wont there?There goesthe bell,doesnt it?There esthe bus,doesnt it?There stand/lie severaltall buildingsat thefoot ofthe mountain,dont they? 六、若陈述部分是由neithernor,eitheror,bothand,not onlybut also等连词连接的两个名词或代词做句子主语时，疑问部分的主语用复数代词代替。 例如Both Lucyand Lilycame tothis party,didnt they?Not onlyKate butalso Janelikes dancing,dont they?Either youor LiPing is going tothe meeting,arent you? 七、若陈述部分的主语是“the+形容词”表一类人时，疑问部分的主语用代替；若是表某一抽象概念时，疑问部分的主语用“it”代替。 例如The richare not always veryhappy,are they?The youngshould respect the old,shouldnt they?The beautifulisntalways good,is it? 八、有时，陈述部分的主语是单数还是复数，较难判断，判断清楚以后，疑问部分的主语在人称和数方面要与陈述部分的主语保持一致。 例如One ofthe policewomenis standingover there,isnt she?The actressand directordecides tosing us a song,doesnt she?xx-1-1014:59?回复2楼The?calvinxf4位粉丝writer andthe teacherwill eto giveusatalk next week,wontthe?y?Her brothers nameis LiMing,isnt it? 九、当陈述部分是由“Im sure that;Im afraid that;We aresure that;We are afraidthat;I feelsure that;I hopethat;We feelsurethat;It seemsthat”等句型构成时，因主要意思在从句，故疑问部分的主语要与从句的主语保持一致。 例如Im surethat youknow himwell,dont you?Im afraidthat hehasnt finishedthat work,has he?I hopeyou dont mindmy speakingfrankly,do you?It seemsthat youare anexpert,arent you? 十、若陈述部分以第一人称主语“I/We dont think(expect,believe,guess,imagine,suppose等+that-clause”时，反意疑问句要与从句保持一致；若陈述部分是由其他人称代词做主语，反意疑问句则仍与主句保持一致。 例如I dont thinkthat shecan e,can she?We dont thinkthat itwill raintomorrow,will it?They dont thinkshe knewanything about it,do they?He doesnt supposethat youareagreat suess,does he?You dont thinkthat Ican swim,do you? 十一、有时，虽然陈述部分用第一人称代词做句子主语，但反意疑问句的疑问部分是表示征求别人的意见，此时，反意疑问句的疑问部分实际上相当于另一个句子，含义相当于WhatHow about you?或者What do you think?.注意仔细体会。 例如I findthis lessonis toodifficult,dont you?(=What/How about you?)I believehe isright,dont you?(=What about you?)I thinkshe isvery friendlyto us,dont you?(=What do you think?)I dont supposehe willwin thisgame,doyou?(=What doyou think?) 十二、若陈述部分是“I am”时，疑问部分用“arent I”?若陈述部分是“Im not”时，则疑问部分用“am I?”.例如I amfoolish,arent I?Im notcareful enough,am I? 十三、若陈述部分为“I/We wish”时，反意疑问句的疑问部分用“may I/we?”；但若句子主语是第 二、三人称代词时，反意疑问句的疑问部分则根据人称代词选择适当的助动词。 例如I wishto visitthe GreatWall,may I?I wishI couldfly tothe moonone day,may I?Tom wishesto goabroad,doesnt he?You wishto makefriends withus,doyou? 十四、若陈述部分含有否定意义的词如“no,never,seldom,hardly,none,few,little,rarely,scarcely,neither,neithernor,tooto”等时，反意疑问句的疑问部分则用肯定形式。 例如He hasnever beento Beijing,has he?There islittle rain this year,is there?He istoo youngto lookafter himself,is he?She isseldom late forschool,is she?注1在”tooto”句型中若用形容词”glad,pleased,ready,eager”等时，不适用这一原则，因为此时并非表示“否定“含义，对于这点要特别注意。 例如He istoo eagerto join the army,isnt he?She istoo gladto receivea doctors degree,isnt she?注2若否定含义是通过使用前缀（如:un-,in-,im-,dis-,）和后缀（如-less,）等构成时，其反意疑问句的疑问部分仍用否定形式。 例如You areunfair,arent you?He dislikesthese ways,doesnt he? 十五、若陈述部分”have”表“所有”含义时，疑问部分可用“have”或“do”的相应形式；若表示“经历、遭受、得到、吃”等含?calvinxf?4位粉丝?义时，疑问部分只能用“do”的相应形式。 例如?xx-1-1014:59?回复3楼He hasa newcar,hasnt/doesnt he?They havea meetingevery week,dont they?She hadhis bikemended yesterday,didnt she?You allhad agood timeat the party,didnt you? 十六、若陈述部分含有“got”表“have got”之意是，疑问部分既可用“havent”,也可用“didnt”.例如He got(=has got)a chanceto goabroad,didnt he?/hasnt he?I got(=have got)a rightto knowthis thing,havent I?/didnt I? 十七、若陈述部分含有“have to”这一句型结构时,其疑问部分要根据句意用助动词do的适当形式。 例如Its dark,we haveto walkhome,dont we?She hasto lookafter hersister athome,doesnt she?He hadto makea livingby himself,didnt he? 十八、在陈述部分中，Lets引导的祈使句若是肯定句，疑问部分用“shall we?”;Lets引导的祈使句若是否定句，疑问部分用“OK?”或“all right?”.例如Lets go to school,shall we?Letsnot gotosee thefilm,OK?/all right?注Lets引导的祈使句若是肯定句，疑问部分间或可用“shant we?”,但含义和”shall we”有区别。 试比较Letsgodancing,shallwe?咱们去跳舞，好吗？（征求意见，读时用升调。 ）Letsgodancing,shantwe?咱们该去跳舞了吧？（提醒对方，读时用降调。 ） 十九、陈述部分若为let或其他动词开头的肯定祈使句，表“请求”时，疑问部分用will you?若表示“邀请”、“劝告”等时，则疑问部分用wont you?(间或用may/can you?);陈述部分若为否定祈使句时，疑问句部分用will you?.例如Let mehelp you,will you?(表“请求”.)Please openthe door,will you?(表请求”.)Have acup oftea,wont you?(表“邀请”)Dont belate forschool next,will you?Dont readin thesun,will you? 二十、若陈述部分含有表“推测”意义的情态动词“can”时，其反意疑问句的疑问部分要根据情态动词之后的实义动词的人称、时态而定。 例如Jack cant beinthereading room,is he?(cant be“表一般现在时。 )He cant havegone home,has he?(cant havegone home表“现在完成时”)She cant havegone tothe partylast night,did he?(cant havegone tothepartylast night表“对过去情况的猜测”。 ) 二十一、若陈述部分有情态动词“must”时，要根据具体情况而定。 分述如下A、must作“应当”解时，疑问部分用mustnt.例如I muststart at once,mustnt I?B、must作“必须”解时，疑问部分用neednt.例如We muststart earliertomorrow,neednt we?C、Must表“推测”，作“想必、一定”解时,疑问部分则根据must之后的实义动词的时态来确定。 例如She must be anew teacher,isnt she?(must be表“一般现在是”)They mustbe playingbasketball,arent they?(mustbeplaying表“现在正在进行时”)?calvinxf?4位粉丝?You must have finishedyou homeworknow,havent you?(must have finished表“现在完成时”)He must have e back last week,didnt he?(must haveeback表“一般过去时态”)The classroommusthave been cleanedyesterday,wasnt it?(musthavebeen cleaned表“一般过去时的被动语态”)D、“must not/mustnt”作“不许、禁止”解时，疑问部分用may或者must.例如You mustnt walkinthetomato field,may/must you?xx-1-1014:59?回复4楼You mustnt playwith fire,may/must you?注“may/might have+过去分词”也可表示对过去事物的推测，其反意疑问句的疑问部分形式同“must+have+过去分词”。 例如She mighthavebeena farmers daughter,wasnt she? 二十二、若陈述部分有“used to”这一句型结构时，其反意疑问句的疑问部分用”usednt”或“didnt?”.例如His fasterused tosmoke alot,usednt/didnt he?You used to getup early,usednt/didnt?注当“used to”后有联系动词“be”时，疑问部分既可用“usednt,也可用wasnt/werent.例如There usedto bea schoolthere,usednt/wasnt there?That riverusedto be clean,usednt/wasnt it?There usedtobemany tallbuilding overthere,usednt/werent there? 二十三、若陈述部分是“ought to”这一句型结构时，其反意疑问句的疑问部分用“oughtnt”或“shouldnt”.例如You oughtto obeythe schoolrules,shouldnt/oughtnt you?We oughtto beginto workatonce,shouldnt/oughttwe? 二十四、陈述部分中若“need”用作实义动词时，则疑问部分用助动词do的适当形式；若用作情态动词（在否定句中）时，则疑问部分用need,偶尔用must.例如The flowersneed watering,dont they?You needto practicespeaking moreEnglish,dont you?You neednt tellhim thisthing,need/must you?Tom neednt gothere,need/must he? 二十五、陈述部分中”dare”若用作实义动词时，其疑问部分用助动词do的适当形式；若用作情态动词（在否定句中），其疑问部分则用dare.例如He daresto swimacross theriver,doesnt he?She darentgoout aloneat right,dare she?He darent jumpthe talltree,dare he? 二十六、陈述部分有“had better”这一结构时，其反意疑问句的疑问部分用“hadnt:,偶尔用“shouldnt”.例如You had better puton moreclothes today,hadnt/shouldnt you?Youd bettergo andask yourteacher,hadnt/shouldnt you?Youdbetterclean yourown room,hadntyou? 二十七、当陈述部分的主语有缩写形式d时，要分清是would,could,should还是had的缩写形式;若有缩写形式s时，要分清是is还是has的缩写。 例如Youd liketo gowith her,wouldntyou?(Youd=you would)Hed ratherdie thangive in,wouldnt he?(Hed=he would)Marys ingtomorrow,isnt she?(Marys=Mary is)Peters heardthe news,hasnt she?(Peters=Peter has)Shes usedto livinginthecountry,isnt she(Shes=She is) 二十八、若陈述部分含有由连词”but,and,or,for”等构成的并列句时，则反意疑问句的疑问部分要根据第二个分句的主谓语来决定。 例如He failedmany times,but hesueeded atlast,didnt he?He isa doctor,but hiswife isa teacher,isnt she?I speakChinese,but hespeaks English,doesnt he?We musthurry,or wewillbelateforclass,wontwe?She studieshard,for itis thethird time that she has beenpraised,isnt it? 二十九、若陈述部分是主从复合句，则疑问部分的主语要根据主句的主语而定。 例如She wascooking whenI camehome,wasnt she?It wont matterif Im latefor supper,will it?You knowthat noteveryone canoperate themachine,dontyou?He said that he had beento NewYork,didnt he? 三十、当陈述部分有“It is/was thefirst(second,third,etc)time+that从句”这一结构时，其反意疑问句的疑问部分要与“It is/was”保持一致。 例如It ishigh timethat youwenttoschool,isnt it?It wasthe secondtimethat hehadbeen inlove thatyear,wasnt it? 三十一、当陈述部分有“It issaid(t