牛津版七八年级英语语法专项复习

牛津版七八年级英语语法专项复习 目录 一 主谓一致 二 被动语态 三 感叹句复习 四 动词时态 五 宾语从句状语从句 六 句型 七 冠词 介词 八 情态动词 代词 交际用语 九 连词 介词 疑问词 十 精编语法 100 题 一 主谓一致 主谓一致的原则有三个 语法一致 意义一致和就近原则 一 语法一致 语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词 复数主语要用复数谓语动词 如 My bike is under the tree 我的自行车在树下 These books are old 这些书是旧的 1 and 和 both and 连接两个或三个名词 代词作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 Mike and John are good friends 迈克和约翰是好朋友 Both bread and milk are good for you 面包和牛奶对你都有好处 2 主语后接 with as well as including besides except but 等词或短语时 谓语动词 的数由主语的单复数形式决定 He with his parents is working in the fields 他正和他的父母在地里干活 She as well as other students likes playing computer games 她和其他学生一样 也喜欢 玩电脑游戏 3 当主语前有 every each either neither 修饰或 each either Neither 作主语时 谓语 动词要用单数 如 Every minute is important to us 每分钟对我们都很重要 Each student has a book 每一个学生都有一本书 Each of the girls has a big apple in their hands 每一个女孩的手里都有一个苹果 Either answer is correct 两个答案都是正确的 4 不定代词 either neither each one the other another anybody anything someone nobody nothing 等作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 Somebody is waiting for you outside 有人在外面等你 Is everybody here today 今天大家都到齐了吗 5 a number of 名词复数 许多 一些 many 作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式 the number of 名词复数 的数量 作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 如 A number of trees are cut down 许多树被砍伐 The number of students in our class is 45 我们班的学生数目是 45 6 a lot of lots of plenty of 名词作主语时 谓语动词由 of 后的名词的单复数决定 如果 of 后是不可数名词 谓语动词用单数 如果 of 后是名词复数 谓语动词用复数 如 Most of time is used for playing computer games 大部分时间用来玩电脑游戏 Plenty of workers are working 许多工人正在工作 7 不定式或 v ing 形式作主语时 谓语动词用单数形式 如 Learning English is necessary for us 学英语对于我们来说是有必要的 To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous 在加油站附近玩火很危险 二意义一致 意义一致就是根据句子主语意义上的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数 1 and 连接的两个名词作主语 在意义上指同一人 同一物或同一概念时 谓语动词 用单数 如 The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重 庆 2 表示时间 金钱 距离 重量等的名词复数作主语时 通常被看做一个整体 谓语 动词用单数 如 Ten years has passed quickly 10 年很快就过去了 Ten dollars is enough 10 美元就够了 100 kilometers is a long way 100 公里是一段很长的路 3 集体名词 如 family class 等 如果表示集体概念 则谓语动词必须用单数形式 如 果表示集体中的成员 则谓语动词必须用复数形式 如 My family is a small one with three people 我家是一个有着三口人的小家庭 My family all like classical music 我的家人都喜欢古典音乐 4 加 减 乘 除运算中的谓语动词用单数 如 Two and two is four 2 加 2 等于 4 Six times two is twelve 6 乘 2 等于 12 5 one and a half 名词复数 作主语时 谓语动词用单数 如 One and a half pears is left on the plate 一个半梨被留在盘子里 6 the 形容词 作主语时 表示某类人 谓语动词用复数 如 The sick are taken good care of 病人得到了很好的照顾 三就近原则 有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致 而是与它最近的主语保持一致 1 由 either or neither nor not only but also not but 或 or 连接两个并列主语 时 其谓语动词在数上与最邻近它的主语保持一致 如 Not only Lily but also Jack has gone to beijing 不仅莉莉去了北京 杰克也去了北京 Not you but I am wrong 不是你 而是我错了 Either my father or my brother is coming 我父亲来 要不然就是我弟弟来 2 There be 或 Here be 后面接并列的名词时 谓语动词在数上应与最邻近的名词保持一 致 如 There is a pen and two pencils on the desk 课桌上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔 Here are some flowers and a card for you 这是给你的一些花和一张卡片 1 1 主谓一致练习 1 Linda with her parents the Wolf Hill and they will be back this afternoon A has gone to B have gone to C has been to D have been to 2 Each of the girls here to the West Lake twice A have gone B have been C has gone D has been 3 There going to be a basketball match this afternoon A are B is C have D will 4 He together with his parents going to visit Shanghai in July How about you I m afraid I have to stay at home A are on my own B is by myself C is by my own D are on myself 5 There a football match on CCTV 5 at nine tomorrow evening A will have B is going to be C is having 6 The number fo teachers in our school greatly increased last term A number of teachers in this school from the countryside A was is B was are C were are D were is 7 This is my twin sister Lucy Not only she but also I good at drawing A is B am C are 8 How much is the pair of shoes Twenty dollars enough A is B are C am 9 One of my friends moved to America I miss her so much A has B have C is D are 10 Which would you like tea or coffee Either OK but I prefer coffee milk A is with B is to C are with D are to 11 Neither my father nor my mother rock music They think that it s too A like noise B likes noise C like noisy D likes noisy 12 Do you like your new T shirt Yes Not only I but also my mother it A likes B like C doesn t like 13 What can you see in the picture I can see a farm And there a lot animals on it A is B are C will be D be 14 The head teacher with his students Teanchengshan Park if it tomorrow A is going to isn t rainy B are going to isn t rainy C is going to won t rain D are going to doesn t rain 15 David there a dictionary and some books on your desk Please put them away OK Mum I ll do it right away A is B are C has D have 16 Physics more difficult than Chinese do you think so Yes I think so A is B are C has 17 There still some milk in the fridge It s not necessary to go to the store today A am B is C are D be 16 The number of books in the bookshop is about 10 000 and a number of them about science A is B was C are D Were 18 Ten minutes ago there an eraser a pen and some books on the desk A was B were C is 19 There only one doctor in the hospital today A is B has C have D are 20 I can t afford the car five thousand dollars too much for me A is B are C be 21 There lots of people at the restaurant when I got there A is B was C are D were 二 被动语态 英语动词有主动和被动两种语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 又叫施动者 被动 语态表示主语是动作的承受者 又叫受动者 区分主动语态和被动语态 主要看主语是执 行者还是承受者 如 The flowers and grass should be watered 语态 We should water the flowers and grass 语态 一 构成 1 被动语态是由 助动词 be 过去分词 构成的 助动词 be 有时态 人称和数的变化 Tom broke the cup 主动语态 The cup was broken by Tom 被动语态 2 被动语态有以下 8 种 一般现在时 be am is are 过去分词 Trees are planted in spring 一般过去时 be was were 过去分词 The house was built last year 现在进行时 be am is are being 过去分词 The car is being repaired 过去进行时 be was were being 过去分词 现在完成时 have has been 过去分词 The light has been turned off 过去完成时 had been 过去分词 一般将来时 will be 过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever 含情态动词的 情态动词 be 过去分词 My homework can be finished in two hours 3 被动语态常用于以下场合 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时 如 My bike was stolen yesterday 我的 自行车昨天被偷了 强调动作的执行者时 使用 by 动作的执行者 如 The pen was used by my father 这支钢笔是我父亲用过的 只有及物动词才有被动形式 不及物动词如 rise come go take place happen 等 没有被动形式 二 主动语态变被动语态的步骤 通常遵循以下三个步骤 1 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语 2 把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式 且与被动语态的主语保持 人称和数的一致 3 将主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语 置于句末 by 宾语 在句中常省略 主动语态 Many people speak English 这里还需要连线 被动语态 English is spoken by many people 如 Lu Xun wrote this book This book was written by Lu Xun 这本书是鲁迅写的 People are cutting down many trees now Many trees are being cut down now 现在许多 树正被砍伐 三 主动语态和被动语态的转换 1 双宾语的被动形式 双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时 有两种变法 如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语 那么指物的直接宾语保留不动 如 His teacher gave him a book He was given a book by his teacher He has bought me a present I have been bought a present 如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语 那么动词后要用介词 to for 这个介词是由与 其搭配的动词决定的 如 His teacher gave him a book A book was given to him by his teacher He has bought me a present A present has been bought for me 常见的能接双宾语的动词有 give show bring lend send 等 这些词与介词 to 搭 配 buy make draw 等 这些词与介词 for 搭配 2 动词短语的被动语态 许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词 是一个不可分割 的整体 在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开 也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词 如 We should speak to old men politely Old men should be spoken to politely He always takes care of his sister His sister is always taken care of by him She turned off the radio The radio was turned off by her 3 省略的 to 动词不定式用于被动语态 在主动语态中 一些表示感官或使役的动词 如 hear watch see feel notice listen to look at let make have 和 help 等后面的宾语补足语是不带 to 的动词不定式 但句子在 变为被动语态后要加 to 如 He made the girl stay at home The girl was made to stay at home We often hear her sing in the room She is often heard to sing in the room The boss made them work for 16 hours a day They were made to work for 16 hours a day by the boss 4 主动形式表被动意义 动词 need want 以及短语 be well worth 等后面常接动名词 以主动形式表示被动 意义 如 The room needs cleaning 这房子需要打扫 The piece of music is worth listening to 这首 曲子值得听 某些表示主语质地 自身特征的动词 如 write wash sell clean cook 等 常和 副词 well 或 easily 连用 用主动形式表示被动意义 如 The cloth washes easily 这种布容易洗 The pen writes well 这支笔很好用 2 2 被动语态练习 28 The mobile phone has influenced people s life a lot since it A invents B invented C is invented D was invented 答案 D 解析 考查动词时态和语态 句意 自从手机发明后 它在很大程度上影响了人们的生 活 根据句意判断用一般过去时 手机与动词 invent 在逻辑上是被动关系 所以用一般过 去时的被动语态 2013 哈尔滨 26 On June 11th 2013 Shenzhou 10 carrying three astronauts into space from the space center in Jiuquan All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch A sent up B are sent up C was sent up 答案 C 解析 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态结构 由 On June 11th 2013 可知该句为一般过去 时 排除 B 项 主语 Shenzhou 10 与谓语动词存在被动关系 故应用被动语态 故选 C 6 This listening material together with its CD ROMs well A sells B sell C is sold D are sold 答案 A 解析 本题考查动词的语态 某些可以和 well easily smoothly 等副词连用的不及物动词 如 read write wash clean draw cook sell lock open 等 且主语是非生命的名词或代词 用 主动结构表被动含义 本句的主语为 This listening material 为第三人称单数 sell well 意为 畅销 句意为 这个听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销 故选 A xK b1 C om 30 The sports meeting next month A will hold B is going to hold C will be held 答案 C 解析 考查被动语态的用法 主语 the sports meeting 不能执行谓语动词 hold 是 hold 的 承受者 需用被动语态 next month 说明句子用一般将来时态 其被动结构为 will be held 故选 C 28 Excuse me I m looking for Be the Best of Yourself Sorry The book you ask for out A is selling B is sold C was selling D will be sold 答案 B 解析 考查动词的语态 主语 the book 和动词 sell 构成被动关系 又时态为一般现在时 因此用一般现在时的被动语态 答语句意 对不起 你要的书已售完 故选 B 38 Annie to the party She had a wonderful time with us A invites B is invited C was invited D has invited 答案 C 解析 考查动词语态的用法 根据句子的句意可知 她和我们度过了一段愉快的时光 用的时态是过去时 故被邀请也该是表示过去的时态 故答案应选 C 34 Many houses in the earthquake of April 20 2013 in Ya an A is destroyed B are destroyed C was destroyed D were destroyed 答案 D 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 A 为一般现在时的被动语态 单数 B 为一般现在 时的被动语态 复数 C 为一般过去时的被动语态 单数 D 为一般过去时的被动语态 复数 根据 many houses 主语为复数 A 和 C 排除 结合时间状语已过去 所以时态为一般 过去时 所以选择答案 D 32 Han Han s books are popular They by many teenagers A is read B was read C are read D were read 答案 C 解析 考查动词的语态 由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎 用一般现在时 主语 they 是复 数形式 故答案选 C 项 27 Teenagers allowed to drive A should not be B should be not C not should be 答案 A 解析 本题考查情态动词被动语态的否定形式 其形式为情态动词 not be 动词的过去 分词 故选 A 34 At present one of the best ways to study is working in groups More chances to students to learn from each other A offer B are offered C have offered D are offering 答案 B 解析 考查被动语态的用法 句子大意为 小组学习为学生提供了更多相互学习的机会 机会 和 提供 之间存在 被动 关系 须用被动语态 四个选项中 只有 are offered 为被动语态 所以选择答案 B 36 I want to borrow the book but I don t know how long it may For two weeks A keep B be borrowed C borrow D be kept 答案 D 解析 考查语态和动词用法辨析 根据题干意义我们知道书应该被借或者被保存 所以 用被动语态 又根据回答 For two weeks 可以知道是一段时间 所以要选用延续性动词 keep 根据以上两个条件 选 D 38 Many trees on the streets every years So the air is very fresh now A plant B are planted C planted D were planted 答案 B 解析 考查被动语态的用法 根据 every years 得知用一般现在时态 主语是 Many trees 故用一般现在时态的被动语态 因此选 B 39 Didn t you see the sign No Parking on the right Sorry I didn t But now I know parking here A wasn t allowed B isn t allowed C won t allow D doesn t allow 答案 B 解析 选 B 考查被动语态的用法 由上句中的 No Parking 可知 停车不被允许 根 据时间状语 now 可知 考察一般现在时态的被动语态 故选 B 30 From May 6 pedestrians 行人 10 yuan if they run red lights according to Beijing traffic authorities A will fine B were fined C are fine D will be fined 答案 D 解析 考查被动语态 主语 pedestrians 是动词作的承受者 应当用被动语态 再根据 if 引导的条件状语从句中用了一般现在时 可以推断出主句中应当用一般将来时 2013 天津 36 What languages in that country German and English A are speaking B are spoken C speak D is spoken 答案 B 解析 考查动词的语态 句意 那个国家说什么语言 德语和英语 通过上句 可知 语言是被人们所说 即用被动语态即句子主语是动作的承受者 排除 A C 又因 主语 languages 是复数形式 排除 A 2013 黑龙江绥化 9 Boys and girls the books in the library should good care of A be taken B take C are taking 答案 A 解析 考查被动语态 句意 男孩们和女孩们 应该好好保管图书馆的书 书应该被保 管 所以用被动语态 此题 should be done 句型 故选择答案 A 2013 黑龙江齐齐哈尔 19 A new park in our hometown next year Really Our hometown must be more beautiful A will build B will be built C is built 答案 B 解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态 主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系 应用被动语态 根据时间状语 next year 可知应用一般将来时 所以选择答案 B 2013 甘肃白银 32 A year has four seasons and it twelve different star signs A divided into B is dividing into C divided into D is divided into 答案 D 解析 考查动词的时态和语态句意 一年有四个季节 并且并分为十二个星座 被分为 应用被动形式 其构成 Be 过去分词 故选 D 2013 江苏南京 13 It is said that an Asian Culture Village inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period A builds B is building C will be built D was built 答案 C 解析 考查动词的被动语态用法 an Asian Culture Village 亚洲文化村 与动作 build 构成 被动关系 所以应使用被动语态 故排除 A B 项 又据句中 in the coming Asian Youth Games period 可知为将来时间 所以选择答案 C 2013 广东梅州 43 The child without parents good care of by his teachers in this special school A is taken B are taken C take D takes 答案 A 解析 考查主谓一致及被动语态 主语 the child 与动词短语 take care of 之间是被动关系 故用一般现在时的被动语态 故选 A 2013 江苏连云港 9 Clark your room is really in a mess It needs Sorry mum I ll do it at once A clean B cleaned C to clean D to be cleaned 答案 D 解析 考查动词短语的用法 needs 加了 s 则说明它不是情态动词 故排除 A 选项 B 也不符合语法 短语 need to be done need doing 表示 需要被 所以选择 D 2013 江苏泰州 11 Frog Mo Yan s latest novel please Sorry it just now But it will come out again soon A sold out B is sold out C has sold out D was sold out 答案 D 解析 考查动词的语态 答句意为 刚刚被卖完 因此用被动语 sell out 卖完 卖光 又由句中的时间状语 just now 知 用一般过去时态的被动语态 所以选择答案 D 2013 四川雅安 10 一 Who designed this game 一 It by Tom in 1999 A is designed B designs C was designed D designed 答案 C 解析 考查一般过去时的被动语态 主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系 应用被动语态 根据时间状语 in 1999 可知应用一般过去时 所以选择答案 C 2013 山东临沂 33 Do you know Earth Day Sure It in 1970 to tell us to protect our planet A sets up B set up C is set up D was set up 答案 D 解析 考查动词短语的时态和语态 Set up 动词短语 意为 创立 建立 又根据语境 主语 it 代指地球日 物作主语句子应该用被动语态 并且 in 1970 是指过去的时间状语 因此句子应用一般过去时 故 D 项正确 2013 重庆 33 A lot of trees around here every year and we can enjoy fresher air now A were planted B are planted C will plant D are planting 答案 B 解析 本题考查一般现在时态的被动语态 由时间状语 every year 知要用一般现在时态 主 语 a lot of trees 是动作 plant 的承受者 因此用一般现在时态的被动语态 故选 B 2013 浙江衢州 25 Lots of food and water Ya an Sichuan Province immediately after the earthquake happened A were sent B are sent C send D SENT 答案 A 解析 本题考查动词的被动语态 首先看句子的主语是 大量的水和食物 句义是地震 发生后 所以用被动语态 排除 C 和 D 雅安已经发生地震 所以用过去式 所以选 A 2013 四川内江 40 Many buildings in Lushan in the earthquake on April 20th It will surely be reconstructed 重建 more beautifully A have destroyed B are destroyed C were destroyed D are destroying 答案 C 解析 考查时态和语态的用法 根据时间状语 on April 20th 是过去的 要用过去时 又由主语是 buildings 是动作的承受者 要用被动语态 所以要用过去时态的被动语态 所以选择答案 C 2013 山东青岛 18 The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it A is played B plays C will be played D will play 答案 A 解析 考查被动语态的用法 句意 这首歌被播放的时候 使我想起了我的学生时代 it 作 play 的承受者 故用被动语态 所以选择答案 A 2013 福建福州 43 Excuse me sir smoking in the gas station Oh I m really sorry A doesn t allow B isn t allowed C aren t allowed 答案 B 解析 选 B 考查被动语态和非谓语动词的用法 Smoking 作为非谓语动词作主语应看 做第三人称单数来处理 又该句的句意为 对不起 先生 加油站不允许吸烟 故句子应 该用被动语态 所以 C 项为正确答案 2013 山东滨州 29 It s difficult to get to the other side of the river I think a bridge over the river A should be built B should build C will build D has built 答案 A 解析 考查被动语态 根据主语 a bridge 与 build 之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态 所 以选择答案 A 2013 浙江宁波 35 Have you finished your project Not yet I ll finish it if I ten more minutes A give B am given C will give D will be given 答案 B 解析 考查动词的被动语态 句意 如果再给我十分钟我会完成它 主语与动词 give 之间是被动关系 在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来 故选 B 2013 浙江丽水 28 Each year quite a lot of food around the world It s really time for us to do something w W w x K b 1 c o M A was wasted B is wasted C wasted C will be wasted 答案 B 解析 考查被动语态的用法 本句句意 每年 全世界有很多食品被浪费掉 根据句意 此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态 所以选 B 2013 安徽 46 Thanks to the internet different kinds of information in a short time A can be learned B has been learned C can learn D has learned 答案 A 解析 考查被动语态的用法 Information 信息 和 learn 学习 之间总是被动关系答 案 C D 是主动语态 B 时态不对 所以选择答案 A 2013 山东泰安 26 It is reported that Daimiao Culture Square in Taian next year A will be built B were built C have built D will build 答案 A 解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态 主语 Daimiao Culture Square 和谓语动词 build 是被 动关系 故该题应用被动语态 又因为 next year 明年 是一般将来时的时间状语标志 所以答案选 A 项 2013 浙江台州 23 You bought a new car An American car No A Chinese car It in Taizhou A makes B made C was made D will be made 答案 C 解析 考查被动语态的用法 答句中的 it 指的是 新车 显然是后面的谓语动词 make 的作用对象 所以要使用被动语态 而且 这辆车 是已经生产过的 因此是使用过去时 态的被动语态 所以选择 C 答案 2013 四川南充 31 Chinese by the largest number of people A speaks B speak C is spoken 答案 C 解析 考查被动语态用法 当主语是动词的承受者时应用被动语态 句意 汉语被最大 数量的人说 故选 C 2013 四川凉山 27 With the help of the people around China many beautiful new buildings here and there in the earthquake hit area in Sichuan A can see B can be seen C will see 答案 B 解析 考查动词被动语态 句子主语 buildings 和谓语动词 see 存在被动关系 主谓语存 在被动关系时谓语动词用被动语态表达 三个答案中只有 B 答案是被动语态形式 2013 四川广安 31 Why did Tom go to bed so late yesterday Because his homework on time A didn t finish B finish C wasn t finished 答案 C 解析 本题考查一般过去时的被动语态 由问句中 yesterday 可知应用一般过去时 排除 B 项 homework 与谓语动词 finish 存在被动关系 故应用被动语态结构 选 C 2013 湖北黄石 28 This pair of shoes hand and it very comfortable A is made with is felt B are made from is felt C are made of feels D is made by feels 答案 D 解析 考查动词的语态 句意 这双鞋是由手工制成的 它感觉起来很舒服 主语 this pair of shoes 不能执行谓语动词 make 故用被动语态 且主语为第三人称单数形式 用 is made by 的被动结构 feel 为连系动词 不能用被动语态 故选 D 2013 山东聊城 31 It was reported that nine Chinese people in a balloon crash 坠毁 in Egypt on February 26 2013 A are killed B were killed C will kill D have killed 答案 B 解析 考查动词被动语态的用法 are killed 是现在时被动语态 were killed 是过去 时 被动语态 will kill 是一般将来时 将杀死 have killed 是现在完成时 已经杀死 根据句意 据报道在 2013 年 2 月 26 日 9 名中国公民在埃及的一场气球坠毁事件中遇难 不难看出这几个人是被动杀死 根据时间和主句是过去时可知要用过去时被动语态 所 以选 B 2013 江西 35 The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France His new book into French as soon as it came out A was translated B translated C is translated D translates 答案 A 解析 考查被动语态 根据题干 his new book 和 translate 的关系 应该选择被动语态 又根据时间状语从句 as soon as it came out 是一般过去时态 可知 被翻译 也是一般过去 时态 故选 A 2013 湖北黄冈 44 How often do I need to feed the dog It food every day or it will be hungry A must give B must be give C must be given D must be gave 答案 C 解析 考查动词的语态 它每天必须被喂食 应用被动语态 其构成是 be 过去分词 故选 C 2013 贵州安顺 13 Should a teenager to get a driving license First go to a training centre A be allow B allow C be allowed D allowed 答案 C 解析 考查含有情态动词的被动语态的用法 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 所以 选择答案 C 2013 内蒙古呼和浩特 7 If you see the cartoon film you will laugh A be made B be made to C make to D make 答案 B 解析 考查被动语态的用法 根据句意 如果你看了这部动画电影的话 你将会被逗笑 可以判断用被动语态 动词 make 在主动语态中 后面跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾补 而变成被动语态后 to 必须加上 所以选择答案 B 2013 内蒙古呼和浩特 15 People