中考英语复习专题1：名词.doc

中考四轮复习第一轮 专题一：名词一、名词1可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2名词所有格的构成及用法； 3近义名词的辨析。【考点讲解】一、名词的数1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys， penpens,doctordoctors。以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses， boxboxes， watchwatches，brushbrushes。（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元 音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes， tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos， radioradios，还有某些词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen， toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如： ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses， goods，ashes，scissors。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？ I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如： a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread a bottle of orange, a glass of water（milk）, a cup of tea a cup of tea, a bag of rice, three bags of rice 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如： two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water 可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格1. 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。 两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）These _ have saved many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctorC. women doctors D. woman doctor2. (2004年河北省中考试题)This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep4. (2004年佛山市中考试题) -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea【中考演练1】一. 单项填空1.We went to Dr. Browns yesterday. He gave us _.A. some advice B. advices C. an advice D. some advices2. What _ theyve got! No wonder they are very happy.A. a good news B. quite a good news C. good news D. little news3. Much _ to fight against pollution.A. have been done B. has been done C. had been done D. has done4. What _ ! Lets go swimming.A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather5. You have made _. You should be more careful. A. a lot of mistake B. a great deal of mistakes C. a large number of mistakes D. few mistakes6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many_. A. furnitures B. future C. pieces of future D. pieces of furnitures7. The bookshelf over there is _. A. Marys and Janes B. Marys and Jane C. Mary and Janes D. Mary s furnitures8.We saw the guest off at _ yesterday. A. the Shanghais Railway Station B. the Shanghai Railway StationC. Shanghai Railway Station D. The railway Station of Shanghai9. They had a good time at the _ Palace. A. children B. Childrens C. Children D. Childrens 10. Xiao Li was _ in my boyhood. A. my close friend B. mine a close friend C. a close friend of mine D. a close friend of me11. These are _ famous other presses They are having a meeting in one of the _office. A. editor-in-chiefs; editors- in chief B. editors-in-chief; editors- in-chiefs C. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chief D. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chiefs12. There are five _ in our class. A. Zhangs B. Zhangs C. Zhangs D. The Zhangs13. How far is your school? A. Twenty-five minutes walk. B. The walk of twenty-five minutesC. Twenty-five minutes walks D. Twenty-five minutes walk.14.Which do you like better, _ or _? A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows15. Were going to have a _ next month.A. two day holiday B. two day holiday C. two days holiday D. two days holiday16. Whos a cousin? A. Uncle or aunts son. B. Uncle or aunts daughterC. Uncles or aunts child. D. Uncle or aunts brother or sister.17. She always wears beautiful _.A. clothes B. cloth C. dress D. clothings18. Will you have a little _? A. more fishes B. more fish C. much fishes D. fishes19. There _ in my class. Which of them do you want to see?A. is John B. are three Johns C. are the Johns D. is the John20. Twenty dollars _ what he needs.A. was B. were C. is D. has been21. The United Nations _ a resolution.A. has past B. has passed C. have passed D. has through22. The Arabian Nights _ a very interesting storybook.A. is B. are C. has been D. had been23. The New York Times _ a wide circulation(发行额).A. is B. has C. are D. have24. Mathematics(数学) _ a very important subject.A. are B. is C. were D. was25. His physics _ weak. A. is B. seem C. was D. are26. An iron works _ now.A. is being built B. are being built C. has built D. has been built27. Every means _ tried to improve teaching and learning.A. has B. has been C. have D. were28. The police _ searching for a tall dark man with long hair.A. is B. has been C. are D. had been29. I was very excited when I saw so many _ on the farm.(2006长沙中考题)A. chicken B. sheep C. duck 30. - I want to go to different places, but I dont know the _.- A map is helpful, I think.(2006江西中考题)A. price B. way C. time D. ticket31. Can I help you?- Id like _ for my twin daughters.(2005黄冈市中考题)A. two pair of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pairs of shoe D. two pairs of shoes32. Ive read _ sports news about the F1 race today.A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of 二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（频道）, I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite_ (季节).5. -How many _(小刀) do you have? -Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world.(计算机)7. June 1st is _(儿童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of _(音乐) sound nice?-Yes. Its wonderful!10. May 12th is the International _(护士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work.三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. “Whats your n_?” “Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want to study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival.7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is more important to me than m_.10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now【中考演练2】1. Sandy didnt tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a _. A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note2.Whats your job, Henry? -Im a _. I work late. Im very busy when people go out to dinners.A. waiter B. reporter C. teacher D. nurse3. -Forests are very important to us, arent they? -Yes, if we have more forests, they will help to keep _ from running away.A. trees B. leaves C. water D. grass4. -Michael likes flying around the world.-I think being a _is just right for him. A. pilot B. policeman C. cook D. doctor5. It was very hard for me to make a _, but I decided to leave my job.A. suggestion B. decision C. plan D. speech6. Something is wrong with my _. I cant see anything around me.A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth7. -Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tarcy? -I generally make it a _ to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule8. _ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _teachers. A.A number of ; women B. A number of ;woman C. A number of ; women D. The number of ;women9. A school in Anshun held an activity called”Recommend(推荐) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a _ of 1,000 books!A. note B. line C. menu D. list10. -I want to buy the book “Cold Moutain”. Do you know its _?-Not really. Maybe three dollars. A. cover B. size C. color D. price11- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry familyC. The Henrys home D. Henrys12In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner13You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once14- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters15Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear16There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears17In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name18The _ are going to fly to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans19The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch20The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths21Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news22- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and childD. women and children23- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURSC.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING24Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss DayC. Childrens Day D. Children Day25Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room（2011西城二模）完形填空（共12分，每小题1分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Six months ago my father lost his job. My parents discussed what would be best for my family and agreed that he would be more likely to find work in his field in another city.I was very 36 that they hadnt asked my opinion. “What about my friends?” I shouted. “And baseball? Im 37 playing center field. I dont want to move.”“Jesse!” my mother cried out.But Dad seemed to 38 . “Its all right,” he told my mother. “His whole life is about to change. Were all upset (难受) by this 39 .”“I know you dont believe me now,” my father said quietly, “but something good will come out of all this. I dont know 40 . Just keep an open mind.”The next few weeks were a blur (模糊的记忆). Dad was in a city 300 miles away, looking for work. Mom and I stayed in our house, knowing that our days there were 41 . When my father called with the news that he had a job, I felt numb（麻木）. As we 42 away from the house, my mother must have seen the sadness on my face. “Jesse, life goes on,” she said. “A wonderful new life awaits us, but only 43 we work at it.”I thought about those words. I tried to look on the 44 side. “Ill try, Mom,” I promi