变速箱外文翻译ManualTransmission.doc

外文资料翻译学生姓名： 李大玉 专业班级: 工程机械运用与维护 0802 指导教师： 朱桂英 河北工程大学机电学院 2011年 5月AbstractAs Chinas vehicle development, transmission and application updates the growing importance of the great role in society has become increasingly prominent. Human shift gearbox is a very important automotive components, use is also very wide. The transmission gearbox is one of most important parts in the automobile transmission system structure，automobiles advance，the backlash，the growth rate，the deceleration must depend on the transmission gearbox transmission to realizeMoreover the transmission gearbox also has the very important influence in automobiles power and the fuel oil efficiencyThis design is mainly gears size computation and the examination，the axis sizes calcul-ation and the positions determination. Completes the transmission gearbox unit chart，the first axis，the second axis,the intermediate shaft using software AUTCAD,to keep off the gear and the synchromesh design one by oneKeywords: Car; Transmission; Gear Manual TransmissionManual transmission is the most basic transmission of a kind of type, its effect is changing gear ratios, and provide in reverse and neutral. Usually, the driver on the clutch pedal and manipulated by HuanDangGan can choose any gear in between. There are a few manual transmission, such as motorcycles gearbox, some car gearbox, only allow order, these transmission shift called sequence shift transmission. In recent years, with the electronic control components durability improvement, computerized automatic shifting clutch automatic shift in Europe since beginning row gearbox are also increasingly popular, car Volkswagen and ford vehicles will provide updates scenedesmus car in the dual clutch since beginning generation, transmission and has two rows of clutch, every time shift automatically switch to another group of unused clutch rapid meshing, do not need such as traditional in manual have to wait for the only after a group of clutch separate again shifting gear, faster and more small change gear vibration also. Transmission shaftDecorate a form of transmission shaft there are usually two shaft type and tri-axial type two kinds. Usually a rear wheel drive car will adopt three shaft type transmission, namely the input shaft, output shaft and oart. Input shaft front associated with engine, borrow clutch output shaft back-end through lugs associated with universal transmission device. Input shaft and output axis in the same of horizontal line, with them is decorated oart parallel. Power through the gears from input shaft spread to preach to the output shaft oart again. In many transmission shaft and input output shaft could engage in together, so power having been, at this time of gear called oart directly file. Direct files through uniaxial transmission, ratio of 1:1, the highest transmission efficiency. Even in cannot provide direct gear transmission, the input shaft and the output shaft is decorated in a line at work is helpful for reducing also needed the torque transmission under. Reverse device Generally speaking, the slowdown will reverse than is greater than the gear. SynchronizerThe synchronous meshing variable speed is a synchronizer Settings, can make two gears before first reached in joints, such speed consistent synchronizer in all manual gear in the transmission already used.Clutch The clutch is can make two gears with combination of separate mechanical part, two gears can be combined, but cant transmit power variable speed, so must depend on the first two gear clutch apart, change gear ratio, put two gear combined, continue to transmit power. Compared with Automatic Transmission Here the automatic transmission of traditional hydraulic type refers to the automatic transmission, namely through hydraulic torque converter and planetary gear transmission power automatic transmission. Advantages : Transmission efficiency for high than automatic transmission may be more fuel-efficient, and of course in theory maintenance will be automatic gearbox cheap than if willing to use higher cost, can begin row since both hands since row of convenience and high efficiency. Faults : People will feel even when driving cycling clutch shift very troublesome, not used to people will often on the street stall. Improper operation words have a chance to make the engine with gearbox trashed Manual gearbox mainly composed by gear and shaft through different combinations of gear speed torque; And automatic transmission by fluid torque twist AT machine, planetary gear and hydraulic control system composition, through hydraulic transmission and gear combinations of variable speed torque way to achieve. One fluid torque twist AT the most are the characteristics of components, it consists of pump wheels, turbine and keep-off device etc components, direct input of engine power transmission torque and clutch role. Pump wheels and turbine is a pair of work, they seem relatively combined the two fan, a place of wind blown out active fan can drive a passive fan blades rotate, air flowing into kinetic energy transfer - wind medium. If use liquid instead of air become transfer medium, pump wheels of kinetic energy through liquid drives a turbine rotating, again in pump wheels and turbine impeller between to improve liquid and transfer efficiency. Due to the hydraulic torque converter automatic transmission torque range is not big enough and the efficiency is low, so in turbine back rows in series of planetary gear to improve efficiency and hydraulic control system will work with the engine changes to manipulate planetary gear, so as to realize the automatic shift.Gearbox role 1. On a wide range of change vehicle speed size and car driving wheel torque on the size. Due to different automobile driving conditions, automobile driving speed and driving demand a wide range of torque can change. For example in the high-speed road speed should be able to achieve 100km/h, but in the urban district, the speed often about 50km/h in. In the empty flat roads, driving resistance is very small, then when carrying the uphill, driving resistance will greatly. And car engines are the characteristics of small range, and speed change range of torque changes more cant meet the actual traffic needs. 2. Realize drive backward automobile engine crankshaft are generally the only to a direction, while automobiles, sometimes need to be able to drive back, therefore, often use gearbox Settings in reverse to achieve the car drive backward. 3. Realize gap when clutch engaging, gearbox can not power output. For instance can guarantee the engine flameout loosen it when the clutch leave drivers seat. Gearbox variable speed drive mechanism by manipulated mechanism with two parts. Variable speed transmissions main function is to change the torque and speed numerical and direction; Operations main function is to control transmission mechanism, realize the transformation, namely transmission ratio to realize shift speed torque. Mechanical transmission main applied the principle of gear transmission slow down. Say simply, gearbox has many groups of transmission ratio different gear pair, while cars driving behavior, also have the shift is through manipulation of the different variable institutions make gear pair work. As in low speed, let ratio big gear pair while working in high speed, let ratio small gear pair work. Scientific maintenance transmissionCar gearbox from way can generally be divided into manual gearbox and automatic transmission. Manual gearbox have easy maintenance, long service life, fuel-efficient, etc. While automatic gearbox has easy operation, maintenance is difficult, maintenance costs high, relative manual block a fee oil etc Characteristics. Transmission in auto parts are relatively expensive and an important bulky. So, to a gearbox maintenance are particularly important. If maintain undeserved, can cause maintenance difficulties, and will cost higher maintenance costs. So, should proper maintenance transmission.A very simple test gearbox. General manual gearbox without leakage appearance, each block smooth, driving no abnormal sound as normal. Automatic gearbox usually by detector sensors is normal work look, have abnormal sound, have without leakage, each block smooth work, such as whether all normal, as intact. Of course, also cant let go of the intact gearbox of transmission oil quality inspection. General caused by long-term use oil of dirty, oil metamorphism, oil, oil contains impurities appear such circumstance, as gearbox larger, more commonly wear clean oil, then as gearbox wear small.General gearbox damage majority is used undeserved or maintain undeserved cause. Gearbox if abnormalities are found, should be done in early detection and early maintenance, early maintenance, otherwise you will keep the tail from wagging the dog. Daily repair often water or small trouble for not timely maintenance, cause gearbox damaged or destroyed. A gearbox maintenance should be accomplished frequently check, frequently gearbox change oil and mesh. Oil to use standard oil, oil cycle because, driving environment, driving habits and different, generally recommend that 3 6 million kilometers gearbox change oil. High quality transmission oil can guarantee the quality lubrication and cooling, reduce noise. Mesh must use high quality, the principle ShangQin change amiss. 摘要随着我国汽车的发展，变速箱的更新和应用日渐重要，在社会的巨大作用日益凸显。人力换档变速箱是汽车领域中很重要的成分，用途也很广。变速器是汽车传动系统结构中最重要的部分之一，汽车的前进、后退，增速、减速都要靠变速器传动来实现。而且变速器在汽车的动力性和燃油经济性上也有很重要的影响。这次设计的是人力换档变速箱的相关内容。主要是齿轮的尺寸计算及校核，轴的尺寸计算和位置的确定，利用软件AUTCAD完成变速器总成图、第一轴、第二轴、中间轴、各个挡齿轮的设计。 关键词：汽车；变速器；齿轮；Autocad手动变速器手动变速器是汽车变速器中最基本的一种类型，其作用是改变传动比，并提供倒档和空档。通常，驾驶员通过踩离合器踏板和操纵换挡杆可以在任何档位间进行选择。也有少数手动变速器，如摩托车变速器，某些赛车变速器，只允许顺序换挡，这些变速器被称为顺序换挡变速器。近年来随着电子控制元件耐用度的改善，由电脑控制自动切换离合器自动换档的自动手排变速箱在欧洲车上也愈来愈普及，福斯汽车与福特汽车则在市售车上提供更新一代的双离合器自动手排，变速箱同时具有两组离合器，每次换档时自动切换到另一组未使用的离合器迅速啮合，不需如传统手排变速箱得等唯一一组离合器分开后再重新啮合，换档速度更快，换档震动也更小。 传动轴传动轴的布置形式通常有两轴式和三轴式两种。通常后轮驱动的汽车会采用三轴式变速器，即输入轴，输出轴和中间轴。输入轴前端借离合器与发动机相联，输出轴后端通过凸缘与万向传动装置相联。输入轴与输出轴置于同一条水平线上，中间轴则与它们平行布置。动力通过齿轮从输入轴传至中间轴再传至输出轴。在许多变速器中输入轴和输出轴能接合在一起，因此动力不必经过中间轴，这时的档位称为直接档。直接档通过单轴传动，传动比为1:1，具有最高的传动效率。即使在不能提供直接档的变速器中，把输入轴与输出轴布置在一条直线上也有利于降低工作时变速器所需承受的扭矩。倒档装置一般来说, 倒档的减速比都会比一档的还大同步器在同步啮合变速式中则有同步器的设置，可使两个齿轮在接合前速度先达到一致，此种同步器在所有的手动排档汽车的变速器中都已使用离合器离合器是可以使两个齿轮分开跟结合的一个机械部分, 两个齿轮结合的时候可以传输动力, 却没办法变速, 所以要靠离合器先把两个齿轮分开, 改换齿轮比, 再把两个齿轮结合, 再继续传输动力档位选择简单来说, 转速过高的时候升档, 转速过低的时候降档 与自动变速器的比较此处的自动变速器是指传统的液力式自动变速器，即通过液力变矩器及行星齿轮传递动力的自动变速器。 优点 传输效率比自动变速箱为高，当然理论上会比较省油 维修保养上会比自动变速箱便宜 如果愿意以较高成本使用自动手排，则可以兼顾自排的方便性及手排的高效率 缺点 有人会觉得开车骑车的时候还要控制离合器换档非常的麻烦，不习惯的人会常常在马路上熄火 操作不当的话有机会把引擎跟变速箱弄坏手动变速箱主要由齿轮和轴组成，通过不同的齿轮组合产生变速变矩；而自动变速箱AT是由液力变扭器、行星齿轮和液压操纵系统组成，通过液力传递和齿轮组合的方式来达到变速变矩。 其中液力变扭器是AT最具特点的部件，它由泵轮、涡轮和导轮等构件组成，直接输入发动机动力传递扭矩和离合作用。泵轮和涡轮是一对工作组合，它们就好似相对放置的两台风扇，一台主动风扇吹出的风力会带动另一台被动风扇的叶片旋转，流动的空气风力成了动能传递的媒介。如果用液体代替空气成为传递动能的媒介，泵