Chap01(上外教三版页码.doc

Chapter 1 Culture and CommunicationEssay1. Define high-context and low-context cultures and give examples of how communication messages may differ when the sender has to refuse to refund a purchase. (Assume the purchase is a personal digital assistant-PDA-and that the memory is insufficient to hold all the data the purchaser finds he wants to load into it. The purchaser has used the PDA for two weeks and has requested a refund, but you have to refuse.)Ans: Page: 27-30 (to “different cultures”) Difficulty: Easy2. Define and discuss culture, explaining what it is and what it does. Furnish examples. Refer to onstage and backstage culture.Ans: Page: 3-11 Difficulty: Moderate3. Discuss cultural change and give examples. Refer to deep culture and popular culture in your discussion.Ans: Page: 18-20 (before “typical reaction”) Difficulty: Moderate4. Discuss typical reactions to an unfamiliar culture. Be sure to include ethnocentrism, assumption of superiority in your discussion.Ans: Page: 22-34 Difficulty: Moderate5. What is culture shock? Explain the 5 stages in culture shock and also touch upon reverse culture shock.Ans: Page: 16-19 Difficulty: Easy6. What are the differences between bias and prejudice? Give examples.Ans: Page: 25-26 Difficulty: Moderate7. Using the Schemata Model, explain how communication with a member of another culture takes place, and how increased understanding affects communication.Ans: Page: 30-32 Difficulty: HardTrue/False11. A good definition of culture for business communication purposes is “The food, the costumes, dances and celebrations of a country”.Ans: Page: 3-5 Difficulty: Easy12. Every culture is coherent and complete within itself.Ans: Page: 6-7 Difficulty: Moderate13. You are born with your culture in your genes.Ans: Page: 7 Difficulty: Easy14. People in a culture interpret their life experiences in ways that validate that culture.Ans: Page: 7 Difficulty: Moderate15. Values motivate people.Ans: Page: 8-10 Difficulty: Easy16. Attitudes are the same thing as values.Ans: Page: 9-11 Difficulty: Moderate17. Eventually, because of the spread of technology, everyone will have the same values.Ans: Page: 20 Difficulty: Moderate18. In order to understand a cultures values, you need only to learn the “dos and taboos” of behavior in that culture.Ans: Page: 14-15 Difficulty: Easy19. Culture shock is a sudden episode experienced by people who go to a foreign culture.Ans: Page: 16-18 Difficulty: Moderate20. Reverse culture shock is the term given to the adjustment following re-entry into ones own culture after living abroad.Ans: Page: 19-29 Difficulty: Moderate21. The belief that everyone who encounters my culture will want to adopt it is an assumption of my cultures superiority.Ans: Page: 20-22 Difficulty: Moderate22. The belief that my culture is normal and central to human experience is called the assumption of universality.Ans: Page: 22-23 Difficulty: Hard23. The belief that everyone underneath is just the same after all is helpful to business communication.Ans: False Page: 23 Difficulty: Moderate24. Stereotypes are not always negative.Ans: Page: 24-25 Difficulty: Easy25. All people have biases.Ans: Page: 26 Difficulty: Easy26. One way to view prejudice is “pre-judgment,” judging before the facts are assessed.Ans: Page: 25-26 Difficulty: Moderate27. Communication in high-context cultures tends to rely on context to communicate the meaning of the message.Ans: Page: 27-30 Difficulty: Easy28. Low-context culture communicators prefer to put their thoughts into words that avoid ambiguity.Ans: Page: 27-30 Difficulty: Easy29. Peoples patterns of thinking are the same regardless of culture.Ans: Page: 34-35 Difficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice31. Understanding another culture:a. is important for businesspeople because they can appear to be better informed.b. is best achieved through “dos and donts” listsc. enables businesspeople to know why foreign associates believe and act as they dod. isnt necessary for businesspeopleAns: Page: 2-3 Difficulty: Easy32. Culture, for purposes of business communication, is:a. interchangeable with communicationb. values, attitudes and behaviorc. unnecessary to investigated. constantly changingAns: Page: 5-11 Difficulty: Easy33. Every culture is learned, and therefore:a. a person can describe his or her own culture completelyb. it is learnablec. it is something you know from birthd. it is not possible to live outside your own cultureAns: Page: 7 Difficulty: Easy34. Values in a culture:a. are the priorities of that cultureb. are the same in all culturesc. are attitudes about powerd. are the result of attitudesAns: Page: 8-9 Difficulty: Moderate35. The best response to differences in cultures is toa. assume people are all alikeb. assume the superiority of your own culturec. assess another culture by its similarity to yoursd. recognize the validity of cultures that are differentAns: Page: 12-13 ( “Diversity at home other countries”) Difficulty: Moderate36. Biases area. based in all cases on something other than factb. preferencesc. something not everybody hasd. not operating in business encounters between members of different culturesAns: b Page: 26 Difficulty: Moderate37. When biases are acted upon,a. the result may be discrimination or prejudiceb. the person acting upon them clearly recognizes that factc. communication is clearerd. the result is typical of high-context culturesAns: a Page: 25-26 Difficulty: Moderate38. High-context culturesa. prefer communication that is direct and explicitb. are ones whose members enjo