2015最新高考真题-七选五.doc

专题十八阅读填句高考试题Passage 1根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2013新课标全国)Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)that is,they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business.1. Commonly called nonprofits,these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.2.Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning,direction,and control of the operations of a business.3. One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment,materials and supplies; and accounting.4. The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority.5.A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C.Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D.However,some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E.Planning in business management has three main aspects.F.In the theory of business management,organization has two main aspects.G.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.答案及剖析:1.D上文介绍了什么是营利性商业机构。由下文“Commonly called nonprofits”,可知此处应表示语意的转折,介绍非营利性商业机构。故选D项。2.C上文提到了非营利性商业机构,此处应是对上句进行进一步的阐释和扩展。故选C项。3.E上文解释了商业管理,下文具体介绍商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面,因此本句应指出商业管理中的规划包括三个方面的内容。4.G前一句为第一个方面,后一句为第三个方面,因此本句应介绍第二个方面,故选G项。5.A本段第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧:planning,direction和control。本句前已提到前两个技巧,因此此处应该是有关control的内容。故选A项。Passage 2根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2013新课标全国)Public Speaking TrainingGet a coach1.,so get help.Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses,here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you.Focus on positivesAny training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well.Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you arent doing well.2.,so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do.3.If you find a public speaking course that looks as though its going to give you lots of dos and donts,walk away! Your brain is so full of what youre going to be talking about.4.As far as were concerned,there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly,good public speaking training should treat you as a special one,with your own personal habits.5. Your training course should help you bring out your personality,not try to turn you into someone youre not.A.You arent like anybody elseB.You already do lots of things wellC.Turn your back on too many rulesD.Check the rules about dos and dontsE.Whatever the presentation,public speaking is toughF.The one thing you dont want is for them to fall asleepG.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse答案及剖析:1.E由下文“so get help”可知,此处指遇到困难的事情。故选E项。2.B由本段标题Focus on positivies以及下文so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldnt do可知答案为B项。3.C由下文中的“dos and donts”以及“no hard and fast rules”等信息可知应选C项。4.G由上文“你的大脑已装满了要谈的内容”可知,此处指“强行记住整套规则只会使事情更糟”。故选G项。5.A由本段标题You are a special person not a clone及本段中的“a special one”可知应选A项。Passage 3根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2013北京)UrbanizationUntil relatively recently,the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.1. In fact,nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的) villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in historya society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning.2. The process of urbanizationthe migration(迁徙) of people from the countryside to the citywas the result of modernization,which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1900,fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.Today,over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms.3.Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies,it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.4.Until modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants,laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries,the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.5.Today,instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people,one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The rest live in small towns.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.E.But even 200 years ago,only a few people could live in cities.F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.答案及剖析:1.E结合上一句以及下一句的内容可知,此处是按时间顺序叙述城市化的进程的,且E项中的“only a few people could live in cities.”与下一句中的“nearly everyone lived on farms” 相呼应。2.D上一段的后半部分提到英国在20世纪成为第一个城市化社会,本段第一句提到英国仅仅是开端,由此可知不久以后许多其他工业国家也成为了城市化社会。3.B结合前两句中提到的82%和2%可知,此处应叙述其余的人居住在何处。4.A根据前两句的内容,尤其是“Large cities were impossible”可知,受农业社会的限制,当时的城市规模很小。本段后半部分提到的当时的城市规模受限于剩余食物的数量也是线索提示。5.F上一句中提到工业革命打破了城市和农村的平衡,再结合下一句中的“one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.”可判断此项正确。Passage 4根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2013辽宁)ForgivenessTo forgive is a virtue,but no one has ever said it is easy.When someone has deeply hurt you,it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.However,forgiveness is possible,and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.People who forgive show less sadness,anger and stress and more hopefulness,according to a recent research.1. Try the following steps:Calm yourself.2. You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature,or someone you love.Dont wait for an apology.Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize.They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way.3. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者).Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings,learn to look for the love,beauty and kindness around you.4. If you understand your offender,you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness,fear,and even love.You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offenders point of view.Dont forget to forgive yourself.5. But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you dont do it.A.Why should you forgive?B.How should you start to forgive?C.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.D.Try to see things from your offenders angle.E.For some people,forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.F.To make your anger die away,try a simple stress-management technique.G.If you wait for people to apologize,you could be waiting an awfully long time.答案及剖析:1.B本句起到承上启下的作用,根据“Try the following steps.”可知答案,B项以问句的形式引出下文。2.FCalm yourself与F项中的To make your anger die away,try a simple stress-management technique.从意思到结构都是一致的,故应选F。3.G根据上文中的Dont wait for an apology.可知,G项中的If you wait for people to apologize.与上下文一致。4.D根据If you understand your offender以及from your offenders point of view可看出,作者告诉我们要“从冒犯者的角度看问题”。故应选D。5.E本段标题为Dont forget to forgive yourself与E项中的forgiving themselves一致,并且E项与后面的句子之间正好是转折关系。故应选E。Passage 5根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2012新课标全国)Kids health:Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed from time to time.1. Some ways of dealing with stresslike screaming or hitting someonedont solve (解决) much.But other ways,like talking to someone you trust,can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1)Get support.When you need help,reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult,such as a parent or other relatives.2. They might have had similar problems,such as dealing with a test,or the death of a beloved pet.(2)Dont take it out on yourself.Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves.Oh,dear,thats not a good idea.Remember that there are always people to help you.Dont take it out on yourself.3.(3)Try to solve the problem.After youre calm and you have support from adults and friends,its time to get down to business.4. Even if you cant solve it all,you can solve a piece of it.(4)Be positive.Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps arent magic,but they do work.And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time,youll help yourself feel better even faster.5.A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B.Notice your friends feelings and find a way to help them.C.Different people feel stress in different ways.D.Ah,it feels so good when the stress is gone.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And dont forget about your friends.G.Then,find a way to calm down.答案及剖析:1.C根据第一句每个人不时地会感到有压力,而不同的人感受压力的方式是不同的。先讲每个人的共同点,再讲不同点,故C合乎逻辑。2.F根据前句“.reach out to the people who care about you.”和后一句“They might have had similar problems”,可知此空填F。3.A根据前句“Remember that there are always people to help you.Dont take it out on yourself”可知,下句应为向别人求助,故选A。4.E根据本段主题句“Try to solve the problem”和“its time to get down to business”可知应先找出问题是什么,故选E。5.D根据前一句“youll help yourself feel better even faster”可知此空应为表示没有压力之后的心情,故D合适。Passage 6根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2012辽宁)How to Make FriendsFriendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends.Good friendship has many benefits.It offers companionship,improves self-worth and promotes good health.There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town,or changed our jobs or schools.Such changes often leave us without a friend.1. But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.1.Associate with others.The first step to making friends is associating with other people.You can go to public places to meet new people.Besides,you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.2.Start a conversation.Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.2. You can always start the conversation.Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.3.Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together.Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.4.Let it grow.It is a good thing to stay in touch.However,try not to press your new friend with calls,messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.4. The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. 5.Enjoy your friendship.The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves.5. Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.A.Be cheerful.B.Do things together.C.Do not wait to be spoken to.D.Try not to find fault with your friends.E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.F.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.G.So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.答案及剖析:1.E由but前面的更换生活、工作、学习环境和后面的.the process is difficult.可获知答案。2.C从后面的You can always start the conversation可知。3.B由该段的内容可知B项正确。4.G从该段的内容可知,不要以任何形式敦促新朋友,让友谊自然发展。5.D由该段内容可知,要给朋友自己的空间,不要去试图改变他们,不要挑剔朋友的毛病。Passage 7根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2012北京)EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.1. Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect.2.There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature.3. Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety,and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact,Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.4.“Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional(情感的) intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.Whats the best way to up your EQ(情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others.5.To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time,the researchers said.C.“One doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says.D.Humans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel.F.Good social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy is decisive to those relationships.答案及剖析:1.B据下文spend more time alone and.可知,B项在此合适,由B项描述人们用看电视、上网的时间取代了会面的时间。 2.D该段描述电视上打架、竞争等不友好镜头,而D项描述人们仿效的这些根本无同情心.3.G据上文Humans are socially related by nature人生来就处在社会关系中,而G正是说的人与人之间关系的话题。4.F该段空格前句说同情心是一些大公司雇用经理的重要品德之一,而与F中that will help you succeed.正相符。5.C正好回答whats the best way to up your EQ(情商)这个问题。Passage 8根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2011新课标全国)Money MattersParents should help their children understand money.1. So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things,candy or toys,for example.1.The basic function of moneyBegin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy,give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier (收银员).2. When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money,you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.2.Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty.3. If you must say no to a childs request to spend money,explain,“You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or,if the request is for many different things,say,“You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”3.4.Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a producta name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品),for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money.5. If he chooses the cheaper brand,allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later,you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.A.Wise decisionsB.The value of moneyC.Permit the child to choose between them.D.Tell your child why he canor cannothave certain things.E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.F.Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G.The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.答案及剖析:1.G据下文中所谈的何时和孩子们交谈关于钱的问题“So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things.”可知此处是谈教育孩子的时机,G项符合。2.F在第二段中谈钱的功能,特别是第二段中第二句“It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things.”。所以和孩子重点谈钱是如何用来购物的。3.D据下文中如何拒绝孩子的要求“You have enough toy trucks for now.”和让孩子作出对物的选择“You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”可得出答案为D。4.A归纳段意。据下文中主题句“You can show your child how to make choices betwee