语法讲解：谓语动词的形式.doc

主语和谓语一致主谓语一致既是谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致.主要依据下列三条原则:【语法一致】:指的是语法形式上取得一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式.【意义一致】:从意义上来处理一致关系. 有时主语形式为单数, 但意义上为复数, 谓语动词依意义而定, 采取复数形式. 有时主语为复数形式, 但意义为单数, 动词也用单数.【邻近原则】:另一个时常干扰语法一致的因素是邻近原则, 即谓语动词的人称和数往往和最近的词保持一致. 主谓一致的有关要点分述如下:【1】. 集合名词的单复数要由句意决定. 若被视为一个整体, 用单数形式; 若视为若干个体时, 则用复数动词.(family, class, team, group, school, country, city, village, etc.)如:Our family is very large. His family are waiting for him. The enemy were encamped on the hill-side. The class has been reorganized.The class are taking notes in English.【2】.more than one + 单数 作主语, 谓语用单数.more + 复数名词 + than one 作主语, 谓语用复数. 如:More than one question was asked. More than one person likes this new book.More persons than one have been involved(牵连).More boys than one are swimming there.【3】.a + 单数+ or two 作主语,谓语用单数; one or two +复数 作主语, 谓语用复数.如:A day or two is enough. A servant or two or three was to go with her.One or two reasons were suggested. One or two enemies were killed.【4】.many a + 单数 作主语, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Many a fine man has died in that battle. Many a boy likes playing football.【5】.含双数概念的复数名词作主语, 谓语用复数. 若这类名词前带有 a pair of, two pairs of 等单位词, 则以单位词的单复数决定谓语的形式. 如:My new trousers are too loose. My glasses were broken, so I cant see well. A pair of shoes is not enough for use in mountain climbing.Two pairs of trousers are missing. 【6】.表时间、距离、钱额的复数名词作主语, 谓语用单数. 如:Ten years is a moment in history. A hundred miles is a long distance.Ten thousand dollars is large sum.【7】.each/every + 单数 + and + each/every + 单数” 作主语，谓语形式是单数。如：Each book and each pen is found in its place. Every hour and every minute is important.【8】.在以“or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also”连接的并列主语后，谓语动词与后一个名词或代词一致。如：He or I am wrong.He or his brothers were at home.Either the shirts or the sweater is a good buy.Neither you nor your brother is in trouble.Neither he nor they are mistaken. Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.Not only the mother but also the children were sick.【9】.当主语后面跟as well as, with, along with, together with, but, except,like等引导的词组时，动词与前面的主语保持一致。如：A teacher, with his students, is seeing an English film.The ship, together with the sailors, was lost.I as well as they am ready to help you.The truck, along with all the goods, was destroyed.【10】.当主语为“some/all/most/half + of”时，谓语动词的形式由of 后的名词而定。Some of this seems to be rather good.Some are good, some are bad.All of the food was lost.All of the students have handed in their compositions. Most of the directors were against the plan.Most of the steel is produced by the factory.Half of the story is not true.Half of the apples are bad.【11】.“a number of, a total of”结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of, the total of”结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of people were injured.A large number of people have come to see the exhibition.The number of the chairs in the room is ten.A total of 3,000 letters were received last month.The total of letters received last month was 3,000.【12】.“the rest of + 名词”作主语，谓语动词的形式由名词的形式决定。如：The rest of the story needs no telling.He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play.【13】“百分数/分数+ of + 名词”作主语，谓语的形式由名词的形式决定。如：Thirty percent of the water is fresh water.Ten percent of the apples are bad.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 【14】.“population”一词作主语，谓语用单数，但如果它用分数或百分数表示数量时，谓语用复数形式。如：Whats the population of China?The population of Canada is about 29 million.About eighty percent of the population of China are peasants.Two thirds of the population of the town are in trouble.【15】.两个或两个以上的并列主语由and连接时，如果表示不同概念，谓语用复数；如果表示同一概念，谓语用单数。如：Wu Dong and Wu Xi are twin brothers.The singer and dancer comes from Guangdong. 【16】.不定代词作主语，谓语用单数. None作主语，谓语可单数可复数。如：Each of us has read the book.Neither of them is interested in English.Either of the stories is interesting.Somebody is waiting for you at the gate of the school.Nobody wants to go there.None has/have been found. None knows/know a great deal about this experiment.【17】.定语从句中的谓语的形式，如果引导词作从句的主语，谓语与先行词一致。如：He who laughs the last laughs the best. Please give the books that were bought yesterday.【18】.“people, police, cattle”等作主语，谓语用复数。如：The people in the city are very friendly.The police are searching for the murderer.The cattle are eating grass near the river.【19】.“there be + 并列主语”和“here be + 并列主语”，谓语与靠近的主语一致。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.There are some books and a pen on the desk.Here is a letter and a book for you.【20】.“the + 形容词/-ed分词”表示一类人的结构作主语，谓语用复数。如：The injured have been taken to hospital.The young are required to respect the old.The rich are happy, but the poor are sad.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.【21】.在one of +