商口班的同学进来下,这里是商务英语词汇.doc

商口班的同学进来下，这里是商务英语词汇。来源：许立冰的日志不景气slump（衰退recession）中国创业板China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额market capitalization法人股institutional shares内部股（非上市招股）private company shares牛市bull market法律风险legal risk风险管理risk management坚持严格的贷款标准maintain strong underwriting standards六大风险risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险credit risk供给学派supply-side economist第一产业（农业）agriculture (primary industry)第二产业（工业）manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业（服务业）service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标major economic indicators国内生产总值GDP gross domestic product（商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值GDP per capita宏观经济macro economy互助基金mutual fund扩大内需expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期inspire the general publics confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption长期国债long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务deficits and the national debt按原口径计算calculate on the base line按不变价格计算calculate at constant price按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度the system of exchange, settlement and sales经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台帐制度Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款pay by installment保值储蓄inflation-proof bank savings抵押贷款collateralised loans住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan货币主义者monetarist计划经济planned economy指令性计划mandatory plan技术密集型technology intensive大规模生产mass production经济林cash tree跟踪审计follow-up auditing流动性风险liquidity risk操作风险operational risk内部审计internal audit抛售bear sales配套政策supporting policies中国人民银行（中央银行）The Peoples Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行Bank of china中国工商银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and中国建设银行Construction Bank of China中国农业银行Agricultural Bank of China招商银行China Merchants Bank疲软股票soft stock配股allotment of shares实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per annum投资回报率rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value实际利用外资incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数retail price index（RPI）生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost生活费用income available for living expenses扣除物价因素in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis居民储蓄存款residents bank savings deposit恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）Engel coefficient基尼系数（衡量地区差别）Gini coefficient购买力平价法purchasing power parity (PPP)（衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy通货膨胀inflation实体经济the real economy经济规律laws of economics市场调节market regulation优化资源配置optimize allocation of resources规模经营优势advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型labor intensive市场风险market risk收紧银根tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩credit crunch加强国有商业银行内部资金调度In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品the right products / readily marketable products国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises私营企业private businesses民营企业privately-run businesses中小企业small-and-medium-sized enterprises三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资）overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保证金guaranty money for deposits货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation吸收游资absorb idle fund经常性贷款commercial lending经常性支出operating expenses再贷款re-lending; subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market改制上市An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规范和发展证券市场further standardize and develop the securities market增加直接融资比重increase the proportion of direct financing完善股票发行上市制度improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets中国证监会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)深圳证券交易所市Shenzhen Stock Exchange上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange综合指数composite index纳斯达克（高技术企业板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation主板市场the main board通货紧缩deflation中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of Chinas modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., Chinas level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries与世界经济的联系将更加紧密be more closely linked to the world economy中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization瓶颈制约bottleneck constraints放权让利decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)深化改革intensify reform; deepen ones commitment to reform配套改革supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金counterpart funds; local funding of提高经济效益improve economic performance; increase economic returns讲求社会效益value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect加速国民经济信息化develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy拉动经济增长fuel economic growth利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税transform administrative fees into taxes债转股debt-to-equity swap头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）in an easy position (tight position)朝阳产业sunrise industry招标投标制the system of public bidding for project充分发挥货币政策的作用give full play to the role of monetary policy实施积极的财政政策follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注资recapitalization放松银根to ease monetary policy信息经济IT economy外向型经济export-oriented economy信息时代information age全球化globalization（全球性globality）信誉风险reputational risk风险评级risk rating到期不还贷default on a loan资不抵债insolvency; be insolvent亚洲金融危机Asian financial crisis (1997-98)投资（贷款）组合investment (loan) portfolio外汇储备充足sufficient foreign exchange reserves中国金融业问题problems with financial sector in China储蓄比例过高the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply国有企业产负债率过高high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions不良贷款non-performing loans防范和化解金融风险address financial risks提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力improve enterprises creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities监事会supervisory board实行谨慎会计制度adopt prudential accounting standards五级分类法划分贷款质量the five-category asset classification approach金融资产管理公司financial asset management companies分离和收回不良资产substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets分业管理、规模经营business segregation, economy of scale规范金融机构市场退出制度improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions政策性银行state policy-related bank国家发展银行State Development Bank知识经济knowledge-based economy网络经济Internet-based networked economy指导性计划guidance plan社会主义市场经济（中国）socialist market economy社会市场经济（德国）social market economy新经济（美国）new economy中国光大银行Everbright Bank of China中国民声银行China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.中信实业银行CITIC Industrial Bank中国进出口银行China EXIM Bank汇丰银行Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)金融监管financial supervision中国人民银行法Law of the Peoples Bank of China商业银行法Law of Commercial Banks保险法Law of Insurance证券法Law of Securities巴塞尔原则Basel Core Principles监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全problems of supervised entities behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism风险意识consciousness of risk prevention事前监管proactive regulation and supervisionaccount number帐目编号depositor存户pay-in slip存款单a deposit form存款单a banding machine自动存取机to deposit存款deposit receipt存款收据private deposits私人存款certificate of deposit存单deposit book, passbook存折credit card信用卡principal本金overdraft, overdraw透支to counter sign双签to endorse背书endorser背书人to cash兑现to honor a check兑付to dishonor a check拒付to suspend payment止付check支票check book支票本order check记名支票bearer check不记名支票crossed check横线支票blank check空白支票rubber check空头支票check stub, counterfoil票根cash check现金支票travelers check旅行支票check for transfer转帐支票outstanding check未付支票canceled check已付支票forged check伪支票Bandars note庄票，银票banker银行家president行长savings bank储蓄银行Chase Bank大通银行National City Bank of New York花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China麦加利银行Banque de IIndo Chine东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, bankers bank中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation发行币银行commercial bank商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank储蓄信贷银行discount bank贴现银行exchange bank汇兑银行requesting bank委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank开证银行advising bank, notifying bank通知银行negotiation bank议付银行confirming bank保兑银行paying bank付款银行associate banker of collection代收银行consigned banker of collection委托银行clearing bank清算银行local bank本地银行domestic bank国内银行overseas bank国外银行unincorporated bank钱庄branch bank银行分行trustee savings bank信托储蓄银行trust company信托公司financial trust金融信托公司unit trust信托投资公司trust institution银行的信托部credit department银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company)商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit街道储蓄所credit union合作银行credit bureau商业兴信所self-service bank无人银行land bank土地银行construction bank建设银行industrial and commercial bank工商银行bank of communications交通银行mutual savings bank互助储蓄银行post office savings bank邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society抵押银行industrial bank实业银行home loan bank家宅贷款银行reserve bank准备银行chartered bank特许银行corresponding bank往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank承兑银行investment bank投资银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK)进出口银行joint venture bank合资银行money shop, native bank钱庄credit cooperatives信用社clearing house票据交换所public accounting公共会计business accounting商业会计cost accounting成本会计depreciation accounting折旧会计computerized accounting电脑化会计general ledger总帐subsidiary ledger分户帐cash book现金出纳帐cash account现金帐journal, day-book日记帐，流水帐bad debts坏帐investment投资surplus结余idle capital游资economic cycle经济周期economic boom经济繁荣economic recession经济衰退economic depression经济萧条economic crisis经济危机economic recovery经济复苏inflation通货膨胀deflation通货收缩devaluation货币贬值revaluation货币增值international balance of payment国际收支favorable balance顺差adverse balance逆差hard currency硬通货soft currency软通货international monetary system国际货币制度the purchasing power of money货币购买力money in circulation货币流通量note issue纸币发行量national budget国家预算national gross product国民生产总值public bond公债stock, share股票debenture债券treasury bill国库券debt chain债务链direct exchange直接（对角）套汇indirect exchange间接（三角）套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation外汇波动foreign exchange crisis外汇危机discount贴现discount rate, bank rate贴现率gold reserve黄金储备money (financial) market金融市场stock exchange股票交易所broker经纪人commission佣金bookkeeping簿记bookkeeper簿记员an application form申请单bank statement对帐单letter of credit信用证strong room, vault保险库equitable tax system等价税则specimen signature签字式样banking hours, business hours营业时间share, equity, stock股票、股权negotiable share可流通股份treasury /government bond国库券/政府债券closed-end securities investment