英文写作必备经典35句型.doc

英文写作必备经典35句型一、 the + est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard /had/read, etc)例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。 Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。） 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否认的.） 例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.） 例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.） 例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 七、An advantage of is that + 句子 （.的优点是.） 例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why + 句子 is that + 句子 （.的原因是.） 例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air./ The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 （如此.以致于.） 例句：So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V （虽然.） 例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The + er + S + V, the + er + S + VThe + more + Adj + S + V, the + more + Adj + S + V （愈.愈.） 例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。 The more books we read, the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 十二、By +Ving, can （借着.，.能够.） 例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 十三、 enable + Object（受词）+ to + V （.使.能够.） 例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 十四、On no account can we + V （我们绝对不能.）例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、It is time + S + 过去式 （该是.的时候了） 例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 十六、Those who （.的人.） 例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 十七、There is no one but （没有人不.） 例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。 十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不.） 例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的） It is obvious that + 句子 （明显的） It is apparent that + 句子 （显然的） 例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 二十、That is the reason why （那就是.的原因） 例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I dont like it夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.）例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。 二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式。 例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。 二十三、It pays to + V （.是值得的。） 例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。 二十四、be based on （以.为基础） 例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的） 例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （让.明白.事） 例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 二十七、be closely related to （与.息息相关） 例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。 二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V （养成.的习惯） We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。 二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, （因为.） 例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V! = How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么.！） 例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事！ 三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意） 例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。 三十二、Have a great influence on （对.有很大的影响） 例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 三十三、do good to （对.有益），do harm to （对.有害） 例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。 Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。 三十四、Pose a great threat to （对.造成一大威胁） 例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。 三十五、do ones utmost to + V = do ones best （尽全力去.）例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生在语境中提高初中英语语法教学的有效性作者来源：上海市第五十四中学 方玉清 发布时间：2009-06-02【摘 要】 本文针对在二期课改中初中英语语法教学所存在的问题，提出应坚持“优化而非淡化语法教学”的原则。笔者结合一次初中语法教学实践，阐述了语法教学的重要地位，介绍了如何巧设语境，采用“归纳为主，演绎为辅”的教学策略，让学生通过观察、感悟、探索和运用内化语法知识，培养学生综合语言运用能力，为真实语言交际打下基础，提高语法教学的有效性。【关键词】 语法教学 语境 有效性基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力。语言知识和语言技能是综合语言运用能力的基础，其中语法是语言知识重要组成部分。传统教学中过度强调语法，仅注重语言的形式，忽视语言的实际运用。在二期课改的实践中，教师对语法教学的认识有了很大的变化，尝试通过模仿操练帮助学生掌握语法知识，提高学生综合语言运用能力。但笔者通过观察和反思，发现目前的初中英语教师对二期课改中关于语法教学的指导理解还不够全面，在语法教学中还存在误区，没有完全实现语法教学的有效性。一、目前初中语法教学所存在的问题1、课堂操练仅留于形式有些教师片面地理解了二期课改中关于语法教学的指导，认为二期课改的理念就是淡化语法，在课堂中不应直接讲解语法，语法教学会减弱学生学习英语的兴趣，会使学生产生厌学情绪。于是就出现了这样的现象：教师在语法教学中要求学生一味进行机械模仿操练，不引导学生观察语言结构、归纳语法规律，表面上学生通过操练能较流畅地表达，但学生并没有真正理解掌握语法知识，在实际交际中不能运用准确和得体的英语进行口头表达，也写不出几句完整的句子，难以实现语言高质量的输出。2、直接讲解仍不时出现有些教师在让学生模仿操练后，生怕学生不能记住语法知识，于是采取“先操练后讲解”。在学生操练之后，教师直接讲解语法知识，单向灌输，学生被动记忆。学生虽然在较短时间内似乎掌握了目标语法，但没有经过思维，被动获得的知识难以内化为语言能力。于是，就出现了虽经多次讲解的语法，学生仍不会准确运用的现象。3、训练内容缺乏语境支撑在模仿操练的中，很多教师仍仅关注语言的形式，所设计的操练形式和内容往往存在“为了训练而设计”的现象，忽略运用语言时所需的语境。在特定的言语环境中学生表面顺利实现了语言的准确输出，但在具体语境中仍不会灵活运用。语言实践是提升语言运用能力的必要途径，这一途径的实现必须以具体的语境为依托。 二、对语法教学的再认识国家课程标准明确指出：英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向，强调课程从学生的学习兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发。然而，很多教师由此认为语法教学只要进行模仿操练，语法知识已不重要了，这显然过于片面。Hymes （1971）在谈到外语学习时曾经说过，外语学习的最终目的是培养交际能力，而学习者所要具备的交际能力至少包括以下四方面，即语法能力、社会文化能力、语篇能力和策略能力。其中语法能力是其他诸能力的基础，对于准确表达、理解是至观重要的。中学英语语法教学不能简单地予以淡化，教师在教学中应坚持“优化而不是淡化语法教学”的原则。初中语法教学应采用“归纳为主，演绎为辅”的教学策略，培养学生的观察、记忆、思维和想象能力，引导学生主动获得语法知识，借助语境，通过大量的专项和综合性语言实践活动，形成综合语言运用能力，为真实语言交际打基础。 三、如何在语境中提高语法教学的有效性 不久前，笔者依据上述语法教学思路在初三年级进行了一次尝试，教学内容是“if”真实条件状语从句。本文将结合这堂语法课，阐述如何在语境中展开语法教学，使学生通过观察、感悟、探索和运用内化语法知识，提高语法教学的有效性。 1、在故事语境中切入语法主题本堂课的时间恰逢年末，于是笔者选取了朗文国际英语教程（Side by Side）第四册教材中一篇题为A Wishing Well的文章作为引入，要求学生通过阅读分别找出Mr. Wang， John，和Andy三个人物的新年愿望。学生在寻读（scanning）的同时，接触到了本堂课的目标语法 “if”条件状语从句。 2、在游戏语境中感悟语法意义为了引导学生对所接触到的语言材料进行更进一步观察，笔者鼓励学生对三个人物的其余新年愿望进行猜测。在设计接龙猜测游戏中，笔者根据学生的实际语言水平，注意游戏难度的坡度，由易到难逐渐提升。教学片断T: If Mr. Wang sells a lot of used cars, hell receive a large year-end bonus. This is Mr. Wangs first wish. He has more wishes. What are they?（用课件呈现图片，然后直接告诉学生第二个愿望。）T: If he receives a large year-end bonus, he will travel widely. T: If he travels widely, he will probably meet a famous person. Who? Lets guess.（用课件呈现图片并给予学生必要的提示，图片结合最近所学的课文内容，结果出乎学生意料，开拓了学生思维，增加了游戏的趣味性。）S1: If he travels widely, he will probably meet Fisherman Wang Damin. S2: If he meets Fisherman Wang Damin, he will see Damin fish with his cormorants with his own eyes. 教学片断2在对最后一个人物Andy的新年愿望进行猜测时，笔者没有给学生任何提示，要求他们独立造句。由于有了先前的铺垫，学生思维活跃给出了各种答案。T: What about Andys next wish? If it snows next month, Andys school will probably be closed. If his school is closed, he will Ss：If his school is closed, he will have a longer winter holiday.If his school is closed, he will stay at home and play video games all day.If his school is closed, he will feel sad. 3、在竞赛语境中探索语法规则初中语法教学应采用“归纳为主，演绎为辅”的教学策略。归纳法能调动学生的参与积极性，有利于培养学生的观察、思维、分析和归纳能力，也有助于提高学生自主学习的能力。在学生做出了各种猜测后，笔者给出了含有Andy四个愿望的一个语段，鼓励同学即兴背诵，然后归纳“if”条件状语从句的特点，最后笔者加以点评小结。教学片断3T： Please read Andys wishes and try to memorize his wishes. Then I want you to recite his wishes. Lets see who has got the best memory?S： If it snows next month, Andys school will probably be closed. If his school is closed, he will have a longer winter holiday. If he has a longer winter holiday, he will go to Beijing to visit his grandparents. If he goes to Beijing, he will certainly take a chance to see the Birds Nest and the Water Cube. Hes sure it will be an unforgettable trip.（背诵时，笔者隐去上述斜体动词词组，给与学生提示，引导学生关注语段中的时态变化，鼓励学生探索语法规律。）T: When you use if Present Real Conditional, you should pay attention to the tense in the if clause. What tense do we usually use in “if” clause, the simple future tense or the simple present tense?S：The simple present tense.T: In if clause we usually use the simple present tense instead of the future tense. We call this rule “主将从现”. 4、在生活语境中运用语法规则通过操练活动形成的初步语言技能只有通过生活化的语言实践活动才有可能逐步上升为真正的语言运用能力。“if”条件状语从句常在提出建议时使用，在检验学生是否真正掌握这一语法规则时，笔者设计了若干适合目标语法的语境，话题贴近学生生活，要求学生讨论解决话题中的问题。教学片断4T: Jack is a clever boy in his class, but he often fails in the English tests. He wants to get a better mark, but he seldom listens carefully in class. He likes talking to others in class. He dislikes reading English aloud. He does his homework carelessly. He doesnt hand in his homework on time. Now Jack needs our help. Lets help him together. Id like to give him a piece of advice. If you listen carefully in class, youll keep up with your classmates. Please give him more advice.（用课件显示Jack的不良学习习惯，学生通过提示给出不同建议。）Ss：If you hand in your homework on time, youll be a responsible student.If you stop talking to others in class, youll understand your lessons better.If you read English every day, youll be able to speak English fluently.5、在活动语境中内化语法知识语法的熟练掌握离不开听、说、读、写的实践。设计不同的任务活动，进行有意义的言语训练，可以实现语言知识运用的自动化（张正东，2004）。教师应根据所教语法项目的交际功能，将语法教学与听、说、读、写活动结合起来，将语法知识的学习与综合技能结合起来，在任务活动语境中，通过综合运用帮助学生内化语法规则，真正掌握所学的语法知识。教学片断5T: Do you still remember Danny? He is a fat boy. Now he has got a big problem. He becomes even fatter. Lets help him solve the problem. Four of you work together as one group. First discuss the possible reasons Danny has got, then write suggestions according to the reasons. （学生通过合作，共同书面完成任务，在活动中实现语法规则的内化。）Writing: Problem: Danny becomes even fatter.Possible reasons: 1. He dislikes doing any exercises. 2. He enjoys _.3. He _.4. _Suggestions:J If he _, _. (lose his weight).J _, _. (become healthier)J _, _.J _ 四、结束语英语学习的最终目的是培养学习者综合运用语言能力，提高交际能力。语法是语言知识重要组成部分，是学习者正确理解和准确输出的前提。设计趣味性强、贴近学生生活、适合目标语法的语境，让学生在语境中探索语法规律，运用语法规则，内化语法知识，有助于学生形成综合语言运用能力，为真实语言交际打下基础。 参考文献Hymes, D.H. 1971. On communicative competence A. In C. Brumfit and K. Johnson (Eds.), The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching C. Oxford University Press, 526.教育部. 2003. 普通高中英语课程标准（实验）M . 北京：人民教育出版社. 杜俊桃. 初中英语语法教学新探J . 中小学外语教学，2005, 11.冒晓飞. 初中英语语法整体教学的尝试J . 中小学外语教学，2008, 10，33-36.马德玲. 在情景中教学词汇和语法J . 中小学外语教学，2008, 10，23-27.钱希洁. 语境在语法教学中的重要作用J . 中小学外语教学，2007, 11，19-22.张正东. 解析语法教学的困惑 J . 中小学外语教学，2004, 12.章振邦. 谈谈中学生如何学好英语语法 J. 中小学英语教学与研究， 2007, 10.周文筑. 新课程下的中学英语语法教学J . 中小学外语教学，2006, 3，1-4.赵群杰. 新课程理念下的初中语法教学J . 中小学外语教学，2007, 5，14-18.文亚光. 初中英语语法教学的理念与实践J . 中小学外语教学，2007, 4，6-9.肖玮. 以任务优化英语语法教学J . 中小学外语教学，2005, 11，19-22. 绝对精华！初中英语易错单选题集锦！ 1 What do you think _solve the problem ? A.you can do B.can you do C.you can do to D.can you do to2 In the past he often made his sister_, but now he is often made _by his sister. A.to cry; to cry B.cry; cry C.to cry; cry D.cry; to cry3 The teacher told us that the sun _in the east. A.rises B. rose C. raises D.raised4 He lives in a village _there are a lot of trees. A. there B. where C.that D.which5 He _ Alice for ten years. A. married to B.has married to C.has married D.has been married to6 We need fifteen more people _our team to do the job. A.but B.except C.as well D.besides 7 They wont allow us _ at this beach. A.swimming B.to swim C.swam D.swim8 Is this factory _you visited last week? A.that B.where C.the one D.in which9 The reason _he was absent from the meeting was _his car broke down on the way. A.that; because B.why; that C.that; that D.for; that10 Is the river_ through that town very large? A.which flows B.flows C.that flowing D.whose flows11 The teacher told me that the students I wanted to see were seen_ football on the playground just now. A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play12 The red rose is the only one _I really like. A.which B.who C.that D.whom13 All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A.those B.which C.what D.that 14 Dont forget the day _you were received into the Youth League. A.when B.that C.at which D.where15 I prefer_ at home to _outside. A.staying, playing B.to stay, play C.staying, play D.to stay, playing16 The box is _what I saw in the shop. A.same as B.the same like C.the same that D.the same as17 The pen _she writes letters is broken. A.which B.that C.with which D.by which18 Would you like to _us in our discussion. A.take part in B.join C.taking part in D.joining19 Im sure the red team will _the game . A.win B.beat C.defeat D.succeed20 Ahead of me I saw a woman _I thought was my aunt. A.who B.whom C.of whom D.whose 21 _your help, everything in the room is in good order now. A.Since B.Because C.thanks for D.Thanks to22 He is known to the world and has a lot of friends_ A.in and out of abroad B.at home and abroad C.at home and at abroad D.in home and out of abroad23 -Are you going there with them ? -If you go,_. A.I also go B.so do I C.so I will D.so will I 24 -The flower is beautiful. -_ A.So is it B.So it is C.It is so D.So it is 25 The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _absent. A.were; was B.was ; was C.was; were D.were; were26 We havent had any success _A.before long B.so long C.by far D.so far27 Travellers _our country enjoy the beautiful sights in Beijing, Hangzhou and many other places of interest.A.for B.to C.till D.by28 If a man _succeed, he must work as hard as he can.A.will B.should C.is going to D.is to 29 -I am sorry I didnt do a good job. -Never mind. _ you have tried your best.A.Above all B.In all C.At all D.After all30 The best way to make sure that you can keep fit is to _healthy eating habits.A.find B.create C.develop D.prepare 31 We have spent _money on English books .A.a great deal of B.a good many C.a plenty of D.a number of 32 _met, it wont be easily forgotten.A If only B.When if C.Once D.Once you were33 The differences_ these two pictures _ colour are easy to see. A.in, of B.from, of C.between ,in D.of ,in34 You should put_ “s” at the end of this word.A.a B./ C.an D.the35-Whats _population of China ? -China has_ population of 1.2 billion.A.a; the B.the; a C./;/ D.the; the36 Its _here. We cant work long hours here.A.very much cold B.much cold C.much too cold D.too much cold37 _terrible weather weve been having these days! A.How a B.What a C.How D.What38 -Have you decided when_? -Yes, tomorrow morning.A.will you leave B.to be leaving C.are you leaving D.to leave39 The song _My heart will go on is liked by the young people.A.call B.calling C.called D.to call40 Train services are now back to _after three days of typhoon.A.usual B.common C.ordinary D.normal41 He is the best _English in our class.A.at B.in C.for D.to42 The policeman caught hold of the thief and hit him _ head.A.in the B.on his C.on the D.in his43 Did John hit Bob _eye ? A.in the B.on the C.in his D.on his44There is _ interesting _ todays newspaper.A.anything in B.nothing. .in C.something. .on D.nothing. on45 Has your teacher given you any advice_ your study?A.in B.to C.on D.with46 Its bad manners to laugh _ others when they are _ trouble.A.at ,in B.over ,at C.with ,on D.to, with47 Betty doesnt have enough money to buy that coat. It