大学英语六级翻译主讲董仲蠡.docx

大学英语六级翻译主讲董仲蠡出题形式关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。-全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会2013年8月14号翻译？ Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. Columbia Encyclopedia 翻译本身一种错误？ Translation is like dancing with chains.Translation is like a girl, the more beautiful, the more unfaithful.Translation is the art of failure. 翻译评分标准 分数档 标准特征 符合定义 13-15 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。雅10-12 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。达 7-9 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。信大师如何说翻译？译事三难：信、达、雅 -严复The standard of true;The standard of fluent;The standard of beauty.-林语堂翻译本天成，妙手偶得之STUDIESservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgment,anddispositionofbusiness. Francis Bacon 读书足以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博采也,最见于高谈阔论之中,其长才也,最见于处事判事之际。王佐良 译Able was I ere I saw Elba.我在到俄尔巴岛之前是有能力的。在我看到Elba岛之前，我曾所向无敌。 不到俄岛我不倒。 弱至孤岛孤至弱。孤至厄岛厄至孤。困遇孤岛孤遇困。若非孤岛孤非若（弱）。落败孤岛孤败落。It was a splendid populationfor all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home. 这是一批卓越能干的人民因为所有这些行动迟缓、瞌睡稀稀、呆如树獭的人都留在家乡了。(余立三 译) 那是一批卓越的人因为那些慢慢吞吞、昏昏沉沉、反应迟钝、形如树獭的人留在了家乡。(杨莉藜 译) 这是一批卓越能干的人民因为那些行动迟缓、头脑迟钝、睡眼惺忪、呆如树獭的人留在了家乡。(章和升 译)(出来的) 这帮人个个出类拔萃因为凡是呆板、呆滞、呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在了家里。（马红军 译）Never mind, Ill find someone like you.毋须烦恼，终有弱水替沧海。I wish nothing but the best, for you too.抛却纠缠，再把相思寄巫山。 -Adele Adkins Someone like you尴尬的翻译人之初：At the beginning of life. (白话文：生命的起初) 性本善：Sex is good. (白话文：性是美好的) 性相近：Basically, all the sex are the same. (白话文：基本上，所有的性行为是差不多滴)习相远：But it depends on the way you do it. (白话文：但还是得依照个人的喜好而为之)思考 Always meaning to meaning.Never word to word.判断一下？赤壁 Red Cliff 红岩 水浒传 All men are Brothers 都他妈是兄弟 霸王别姬 Farewell, My Concubine 别了，我的情儿 尝试一下？要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。 信：If you want good skin, you should use Dabao every morning and night. 达：We can have a beautiful face by using Dabao every day. 雅：A fair face now, Dabao knows how.试题演练：我国的端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival）是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。 The Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan.大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。 The competition among graduates has become more and more fierce, which results that the chance that any individual graduate finds a job has decreased. 对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。 For those who earn less but eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford.欣赏寻寻觅觅冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚；乍暖还寒时候；最难将息。-李清照声声慢 I look for what I miss, I know not what it is, I feel so sad, so drear, so lonely, without cheer, how hard is it, to keep me fit, in this lingering cold.许渊冲你真正忘掉的，而且忘得那么心安理得，是那些已经得到你回信的朋友Friends who really fall into oblivion, from which guilt is totally absent, are those who have received my reply.自余光中 尺素寸心我爱你青松气质，我爱你红梅品格。 I love your temperament of the pine, and your character of the red plum.我爱你家乡的甜蔗，好像乳汁滋润着我的心窝。I love your sugarcane in our hometown, which moistens my heart like breast milk.这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from 5,000 thousand motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust.土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或者喜欢炫耀财富的人。The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off all around.旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众越来越大的注意。 Tourism is a fast developing industry for the last two decades all over the world, which now draws more and more attention of Chinese public.思考：是？北京计划未来三年投资7,600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。Beijing is going to invest 760 billion yuan in next years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM 2.5.世界贸易组织是成立于1995年1月1日的，目的是确保一个稳定的全球贸易经济环境。 The WTO was founded on January 1st, 1995, which aims to ensure a stable environment of trading and economy in the world.改变一下？ 三国演义由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。 Romance of Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese history novel (a novel based on Chinese history stories). 合并详解做秘书与人们所想象的不同。 Being a secretary is different from what people would imagine.做秘书是一份非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。 Being a secretary is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate.做秘书与人们所想象的不同，非常复杂的需要组织、协调和沟通能力的工作。 Being a secretary, different from what people would imagine, is a very complex job which needs the ability to organize, coordinate and communicate. 矿产资源（mineral resources）是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。 Mineral resources, an important part of natural resources, are a major material foundation for the development of human society.中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家，主要依靠本国的资源来保障建设需要。China, a developing country with a large population and a relative shortage of resources, depends on its own resources to meet the needs of construction.中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大贡献。 Traditional Chinese Medicine, a crucial part of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the development (and prosperity) of China. 多动句春天来了，花开了，草绿了，河水化了，阳光洒在大地上。我们来到了小河边，来到了田野里，来到了山岗上。 多动句 （主语相同）1、动词之间地位相同：V1, V2, , Vn。2、动词之间有主次之分：找到主动词，其他用doing或者to do。3、不知道谁主谁次：用连词 体重是我的大问题，因为它决定着我找男朋友和未来嫁出去的可能性。 My weight is a big problem because it determines the possibility of my finding an excellent boyfriend and getting married in the future. 特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。 During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms (in order) to enhance the joyous atmosphere. 对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。 For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc.大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。 College students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.思考： 是否找个理由继续苟活？ 还是展翅高飞保持愤怒？无主句松下问童子，言师采药去。 只在此山中，云深不知处。 （我）松下问童子，（童子）言师采药去。 （师傅）只在此山中，云深（童子）不知处。 补主语I asked the boy beneath the pines, He said, “The master has gone alone. Herb-picking somewhere on the mount, Cloud-hidden where abouts unknown.” 林语堂 必须保证每天八小时睡眠。 We must guarantee eight hours sleep every day. 经典案例赏析 山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。 There is a poem from the Southern Song Dynasty that reads: After endless mountains and rivers that leave doubt whether there is a path out, suddenly one encounter the shade of a willow, bright flowers and a lovely village. -Hillary Clinton思考 生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。 We should live as an outstanding person, And die as an outstanding ghost.Be man of men while you are alive, And soul of souls if you were dead. 许渊冲无主句中国人与狗不得入内。 Chinese and dogs cant go in.Chinese and dogs are not admitted.变被动： 必须保证每天八小时睡眠。 Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed every day.整个义务教育阶段，要求学生在每学期期末参加期末考试。Throughout the whole process of compulsory education, students are required to take final examination.因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。 Therefore, college students are strongly suggested to doTherefore, it is highly suggested that college students do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage）处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林（forestation） 市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage）处理设施Another 85 billion yuan is used to build or update the facilities of disposing garbage and sewage of the city.另外，将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。Furthermore, Beijing will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.无主句在山的那边海的那边有一群蓝精灵非人主语+有、存在: There be中西方饮食习惯存在极大的差异。There are great differences between Chinese and western eating habits.Great differences exist between Chinese and western eating habits.必须保证每天八小时睡眠。 There is eight hours sleep that must be guaranteed every day.通常，胡同内有一个大杂院（courtyard），房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住。 Usually, there is a big courtyard in a hutong, and there are rooms for 4 to 10 families, about 20 people.With rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people.中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧（Peking Opera）是一个具有代表性的剧种。 There are many kinds of local operas in China, one of which is Peking Opera, a representative one. 思考：其中？ 在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国（member country）有158个。 There are more than 190 countries in the world today. There are 158 member countries in the WTO. The WTO has 158 member countries, of more than 190 countries in the world today.无主句 1. 补主语 We must guarantee eight hours sleep every day. 2. 变被动 Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed every day.3. There be There is eight hours sleep that must be guaranteed every day.总结一、 修饰后置1. 介词使用(of / to /in )2. 定语从句3. 插入语或同位语二、多动句 1、动词之间地位相同：V1, V2, , Vn。2、动词之间有主次之分：找到主动词，其他用doing或者to do。3、 不知道谁主谁次：用连词 三、无主句1.补主语 We must guarantee eight hours sleep every day. 2.变被动 Eight hours sleep must be guaranteed every day.3.There be There is eight hours sleep that must be guaranteed every day.其实还有很多汉语重意合，英语重形合隐去逻辑关系词人不犯我，我不犯人We will not attach unless we are attacked.If I am not attacked, I will not attack others.Nobody grows merely by the number of years; we grow old by deserting our ideals.年年有加，并非垂老；理想丢弃，方至暮年。Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓唐必至灵魂。-王佐良 译 YouthIf I should meet thee, after long years.How should I greet thee, with silence and tears/-George Gordon Byran异化（foreignization）翻译多年后，如果我们相逢。我将以何来面汝，以沉默以眼泪。综合练习中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日。月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America.过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。 The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty.中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。 The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moons beauty.2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日。 In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of Chinas cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday.月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,