2010年高考英语备考-高考英语巧解单选省略题方法

第 1 页 共 6 页1 高考英语巧解单选省略题方法 省略是指在不影响句子意思明了 清楚的前提下 将句子 中的某些成分省略掉 从而使所表达的内容更加紧凑和简洁 近年来 许多高考试题为增加其灵活性和考查考生综合运用语 言的能力 经常利用省略这一手段来编制试题 或考查考生对 省略句的判断和理解 或借省略为干扰考查其他相关知识点 并因此出现了不少同学们望而生畏的难题 本文拟就如何应对 这类试题作一分析 并介绍五种攻克省略难题的方法 一 整句还原法一 整句还原法 所谓整句还原法 即指通过分析题干所提供的情景或句子 结构 将命题者省略的部分补充完整 然后再根据完整的句子 进行分析和答题 如 1 What were you trying to prove to the police I was last night A That B When C Where D What 分析 此题应选 C 其余三项均有可能误选 做对此题的 关键是要明确答语部分为省略句 若将其补充完整 即为 I w as trying to prove to the police where I was last night 其中 where 引导的是一个宾语从句 请再看以下类似试题 1 What made her so happy her son passed the coll ege entrance examinations A That B 不填 C Since D For 此题选 A 若将其补充完整 即为 That her son passed t he college entrance examinations made her so happy 2 What made you so upset my wallet A Lost B Losing C Having lost D Being lost 此题选 B 若将其补充完整 即为 Losing my wallet mad e me so upset 第 2 页 共 6 页2 3 What did she tell you she would be late A That B When C Where D Whether 此题选 A 若将其补充完整 即为 She told me that she would be late 2 I want to improve my English but I don t know What can you suggest A when B how C why D where 分析 此题应选 B 其余三项均有可能误选 其实此句为 省略句 若将此句补充完整 即为 but I don t know how t o improve my English 请看以下类似试题 1 I think the door is locked but I d better go and make sure it A does B has C was D is 答案选 D 为 and make sure it is locked 之省略 2 Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge I c an t remember A where B there C which D that 答案选 C 为 I can t remember which city he comes from 之省略 3 He didn t sell half as many computers as he thought he A had B was C would D sold 答案选 C 为 He didn t sell half as many computers as he thought he would sell 之省略 二 常识语境法二 常识语境法 常识语境法指的是 同学们在补充省略成分时要充分考虑 句子本身的语境 有时还要结合一定的生活常识和学科常识 即补充完整的句子不仅要符合语法 而且要符合情理 如 1 I like you more than her my dear You mean more than love her or more than she loves A you me B she you C I me D I you 分析 做对此题的关键是要弄清填空句是个省略句 补充完整 为 You mean that you love me more than you love her or tha t you love me more than she loves me 句意为 你是说你爱我 第 3 页 共 6 页3 胜过你爱她 还是说你爱我胜过她爱我 所以答案应选 A 若选其他答案 从语法上也是对的 但不合情理 2 Boris has brains In fact I doubt whether anyone in th e class has IQ A a high B a higher C the higher D the highest 分析 此题答案为 B 此句实为 Boris has brains In fact I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him 之省略 省略 than him 后不仅句意仍然清楚 而且显得更为简洁 句 意为 我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高 即 我认为 他可能是班上智商最高的 请再看以下类似的题目 分析理由 同上 答案均选 A 1 How beautifully she sings I have never heard voice A a better B a best C the better D the b est 2 I ve never found job Congratulations A a better B a best C the better D the best 3 What do you think of the service here Oh wonde rful We couldn t have found place A a better B a best C the better D the b est 4 How cold it is We ve never had day this win ter A a colder B a coldC the coldest D the colder 三 一致验证法三 一致验证法 所谓一致验证法 即指在补充省略成分时 要注意考虑句 子结构的前后一致性 此法尤其适合于做因承前省略而拟编的 试题 如 1 I think I can fix it tomorrow If you ll have t o wait till Friday A not B can t C don t D won t 分析 答案应选 A if not 为 if I can t fix it tomorrow 之 省略 其中的 if I can t fix it tomorrow 与前面的 I can fix it tomorrow 一致 注意 此题不能选 B 因为句子已省略了主语 下面请再看一个类似的例子 第 4 页 共 6 页4 If the weather is fine we ll go If A not not B no no C not no D no not 此题应选 A If not not 为 If the weather is NOT fine we will NOT go 全句意为 如果天气好 我们就去 如果天气 不好 我们就不去 该句的特点是 后句与前句的用词和句式 完全相同 只是前句为肯定 后句为否定 为了简洁起见 于是 将后句与前句相同部分省略 只保留否定词 not 2 They are different in form but in meaning A not B no C aren t D don t 分析 答案选 A but not in meaning 为 but they are not different in meaning 之省略 又如 1 In the accident the child was hurt but the mother A killing B to kill C killed D kill 答案选 C but the mother killed 为 but the mother was k illed 之省略 2 The apartment s fine for two people but A no more B no any C not more D not any 答案选 C but not more 为 but it is not fine for more th an two people 之省略 四 语法分析法四 语法分析法 英语中有些省略是由特定的语法现象造成的 同学们在做 题时首先要确定句子的省略涉及什么语法结构或语法现象等 然后再根据相应的语法知识来分析作答 如 1 Who has eaten all the cake Jim Oh must be your two pet dogs A it B they C thatD which 分析 分析 许多同学可能认为此题应选 B 因为其后的 your tw o pet dogs 为复数 但实际上 此题的最佳答案就是 A 不仅 涉及强调句型这一考点 而且是其省略形式 此句若补充完整 即为 It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake 2 If you are planning to spend your money having fun th is week better it you ve got some big bills coming A forget B forgot C forgetting D to forget 分析 分析 此题最佳答案为 A 考查 had better 后接动词原形 的用法 但是考题中将 you had better 这一结构省略成 better 致使许多同学一时看不出来 又如 第 5 页 共 6 页5 Better go with him 最好同他一起去 Better have the operation right now 你最好还是现在就动 手术 3 Would you like to come for a walk with me I d p refer thank you A not to B to not C not D can t 分析 答案选 A I d prefer not to 为 I d prefer not to co me for a walk 之省略 注意 在该省略结构中 用以代表不 定式的 to 不宜省去 请看类例 1 Shall I give the dog a chocolate It s better A not to B to not C don t D can t 答案选 A 为 It s better not to give the dog a chocolate 之省略 注意 不定式的否定式要将 not 置于不定式符号 to 之 前 而不是之后 2 I would mend your radio but I don t know A how B to C how to D to how 答案选 C 为 but I don t know how to mend it 之省略 五 逻辑推断法五 逻辑推断法 有的省略试题难度比较大 不仅涉及语法知识 生活常识 等 而且还要求考生根据题干所提供的信息进行逻辑推理 如 1 She s too thin She gain some weight but she too little A would ate B will eats C would eats D will ate 分析 此题有些难度 许多同学不知如何分析 我们先根 据题目所提供的选项将句意大致勾出来 她太瘦了 她会增加 体重的 但她吃得太少了 根据句首 She s too thin 这一所给 信息可知 她瘦 应是客观事实 按照一般的常识 吃得少 就会引致 瘦 吃得多 就会导致 胖 由于根据句首的信息 她瘦 是客观事实 所以她 吃得少 也应是事实 所以第二空 应填 eats 即用一般现在时表示客观事实 根据上面的分析 她瘦 和 她吃得少 均为客观事实 那么 她体重会增加 就应是 假设 注意句中的转折连词 but 所以第一空应填 would 其实 此句可理解为 but 前省略了一个条件状语 if she ate more 如果她多吃一点的话 所以