山西省沁县中学2017_2018学年高二英语下学期期末考试习题（含解析）.docx

沁县中学2017-2018学年度第二学期期末考试高二英语答题时间：120分钟，满分：150分第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分 ）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe NutcrackerTime: May 5Place: Wuhan TheaterEnjoy a fairy tale come to life with this amazing production, presented by the famous Russian State Ballet. The ballet tells the story of a little girl who receives a nutcracker as a present on Christmas Eve. Suddenly, it transforms into a little prince, and he takes the girl on a voyage through the Land of Snow. This production is a superb performance which lived up to the mystery of the charming Russian classic.Hello SadnessTime: Ongoing until May 1Place: Shanghai Art TheaterThis play is adapted from the 1954 French novel Bonjour Tristesse, written by Francoise Sagan when she was only 18. The story is about a 17-year-old girl, Cecile, who lives with her father Raymond. When Raymond finally decides to settle down with a woman, Cecile worries about how her life will change, and she tries to destroy the marriage. Be prepared for a sad ending.Rain ZoneTime: Ongoing until June 19Place: Zhujiang Party Pier Beer Culture & Art Zone, GuangzhouIf you have wondered what it is like to walk in the rain without getting wet, this is an exhibition you shouldnt miss. This artistic equipment allows visitors to walk through falling water, but sensors make sure that the water stops falling wherever a person is standing. The experience will provide you with the interesting feeling that youre controlling the rain.Claude MonetTime: May 1 to Aug 31Place: Beijing World Art MuseumIf you are an art fan who also enjoys modern technology, you should make time for this multimedia exhibition. The high-tech art show displays about 400 copies of Claude Monets work and records the life of the artist himself. The exhibition takes you through Monets artistic career. With the help of 3-D technology, visitors can also travel to Monetshometown to see how his masterpieces were created.1. Which place may satisfy a dance fan in May?A. Wuhan Theater.B. Shanghai Art Theater.C. Zhujiang Party Pier Beer Culture & Art Zone.D. Beijing World Art Museum.2. What can we learn about the play Hello Sadness?A. Its produced by a teenager. B. Ceciles father treats her badly.C. Its an adaptation from a novel. D. Ceciles family live in harmony.3. Which can you still enjoy in July?A. Hello Sadness. B. The Nutcracker.C. Rain Zone. D. Claude Monet.4. What do the last two events have in common?A. They are exhibitions of paintings.B. They depend on modern technology.C. They are held in memory of different artists.D. They allow visitors to control the equipment.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B【解析】文章向读者介绍几个演出和展示的时间，地点，以及相关的表演及展示的一些具体信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分The Nutcracker的内容，时间是在Time: May 5，presented by the famous Russian State Ballet.可知由著名的俄罗斯国家芭蕾舞团表演，可知舞蹈爱好者在5月份可能在Place: Wuhan Theater，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Hello Sadness这部分内容的第一句This play is adapted from the 1954 French novel Bonjour Tristesse written by Francoise Sagan when she was only 18.这个话剧是根据1954年的法国小说Bonjour Tristesse改编的，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据四个表演信息的时间，可知7月你能欣赏的只有Claude MonetTime: May 1 to Aug 31，故选D。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三部分内容This artistic equipment allows visitors to walk through falling water, but sensors make sure that the water stops falling wherever a person is standing.这个艺术的装备可以让游客在雨中行走，传感器确保水不会落在任何有人站立的地方。根据第四部分内容With the help of 3-D technology, visitors can also travel to Monets hometown to see how his masterpieces were created.在3-D技术的帮助下，游客可以去莫奈的家乡看看他的杰作是怎样创造出来的。可推断，这两个项目的共同点是它们都依靠现代科技。故选B。【名师点睛】关于细节理解题用细节定位法：细节理解题属于直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于高考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B)正确分析词语在句中的作用；C)熟练运用英语的句型转换；D)读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。比如文章第2小题，我们首先读懂题干What can we learn about the play Hello Sadness? 关于话剧Hello Sadness ，我们能了解到然后快速定位文章第二部分对于Hello Sadness的介绍，定位到句子This play is adapted from the 1954 French novel Bonjour Tristesse written by Francoise Sagan when she was only 18.找到关键词This play is adapted from the 1954 French novel得出答案。BWhen I graduated with a degree in English Literature from Exeter University, my head was filled with ideas about what I wanted to do next. Work experience helped me narrow down my choices to a top two: publishing and teaching. The only problem was deciding which one to choose!Eventually, I applied for a job at a local magazine. It was a small team so I had the opportunity to get connected with all aspects of magazine publishing from editorial to advertising. I was promoted to assistant editor and enjoyed the mix of creativity and business skills necessary for the role.When I started to consider my next career move, my thoughts turned to educational publishing. I loved working at the magazine, but I wanted to do something which combined my love of education too. I spotted the job opportunity for the Cambridge University Press Graduate Programme.The recruitment (招聘) process for the Graduate Programme was certainly strict, including a spoken reasoning test, a personality test, a phone interview and an assessment day. The best advice I can give to anyone applying for a programme like this is to be yourself and dont be afraid to show your personality.I was excited when I found out that Id got the job. During the programme, I got the opportunity to work on our latest digital products, travel to book fairs abroad, visit schools to meet our customers, manage our social media accounts and sign off books to be published. I received fantastic support from colleagues at the Press, not just from my line manager and tutor, but everyone I met along the way.Working in lots of different departments around the Press helped me identify where I wanted to end up and now I have a role which fits my interests and skills, working on content development in the Cambridge Learning for Schools team.Its been a brilliant experience and I can fully recommend the Cambridge University Press Graduate Programme. Even if its been a couple of years since you left university, the programme is a great way to get into publishing and progress your career, so go for it!5. Why did the author apply for the Cambridge University Press Graduate Programme?A. She desired to do something more creative and challenging.B. She wanted to do a job combined with her love of education.C. She needed different jobs to improve her business skills.D. She longed for better education to get further promoted.6. What is talked about in Paragraph 4?A. Advice on the programme application.B. Types of work in the press company.C. Support of colleagues and tutors.D. Experiences in changing jobs.7. What is the authors attitude towards the programme?A. Cautious. B. Uninterested.C. Doubtful. D. Supportive.【答案】5. B 6. A 7. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇工作经历，作者讲述了自己申请剑桥大学出版社研究生项目的原因，过程和自己的工作收获。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段I loved working at the magazine, but I wanted to do something which combined my love of education too. I spotted the job opportunity for the Cambridge University Press Graduate Programme.可知作者申请剑桥大学出版社研究生项目的原因是她想做一份对教育的热爱有关的工作。故选B.【6题详解】段落大意题。根据第四段中The best advice I can give to anyone applying for a programme like this is to be yourself and dont be afraid to show your personality.可知本段中介绍的是作者给项目申请的建议做你自己，不要害怕展现你的个性。故选A.【7题详解】观点态度题。根据第五段I was excited when I found out that Id got the job.最后一段Its been a brilliant experience and I can fully recommend the Cambridge University Press Graduate Programme.可知作者对这份工作很满意很兴奋，对这个项目是支持的。故选D.【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文作者讲述了自己申请剑桥大学出版社研究生项目的原因，过程和自己的工作收获。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1根据第三段I loved working at the magazine, but I wanted to do something which combined my love of education too. I spotted the job opportunity for the Cambridge University Press Graduate Programme.可知作者申请剑桥大学出版社研究生项目的原因是她想做一份对教育的热爱有关的工作。小题2根据第四段中The best advice I can give to anyone applying for a programme like this is to be yourself and dont be afraid to show your personality.可知本段中介绍的是作者给项目申请的建议做你自己，不要害怕展现你的个性。CBirds enjoy a relatively slow rate of extinction but a new study suggests that rate might be severely underestimated(低估). Even worse, if human actions continue, bird extinction rates could skyrocket and 12 percent of the known bird species(物种) could be dying out by the end of the century.Presently there are 10,000 known bird species most identified after 1850 and an estimated 130 of those have become extinct since 1500, setting the extinction rate at about one species every four years.But according to Stuart Pimm of Duke University, this rate fails to take into account three key points: The continual identification of extinct bird species from fossil remains; numerous missing species not yet declared extinct; and the fact that present extinction rates were not calculated using the proper baseline date for when the species was first described.Taking these points into consideration, the extinction rate is closer to one bird species per year, says Pimm, the leading author of the study. And the rate could be three times as high as that if not for recent bird preservation efforts.In previous centuries, bird extinctions took place mainly on islands as Polynesian peoples expanded into the Pacific or Europeans took over the Americas, wiping out birds along the way.In recent years, scientists are seeing an increased number of extinctions on continents, again because of human activities. Habitat destruction, introduction of invasive species, and climate change combine to harm many bird species. Before human influence, the estimated rate of bird extinctions would have been only one species per hundred years, researchers estimate.Bird extinction rates are slower than for most animals, mainly because humans do more harm to other species and people take special efforts to protect birds. Still, if the present trends continue, the researchers estimate that the bird extinction rate will continue to climb to as many as 10 species per year,8. The underlined word skyrocket in the first paragraph meansA. fly highB. appear soonC. increase quicklyD. change regularly9. According to Pimm, the extinction rate of birds is_.A. one species per hundred yearsB. one species every yearC. three species per yearD. ten species every year10. What can we infer from the fifth and sixth paragraphs?A. Humans have started destroying bird habitat in recent years.B. Humans are doing more harm to animals than to birds.C. Humans have made no effort to protect birds.D. Humans are responsible for the bird extinctions.11. What might be the best title for the passage?A. Humans Fighting against Bird ExtinctionB. Humans Responsibilities for Bird ProtectionC. Bird Extinction Rates Far Worse Than RealizedD. Bird Extinction Occurring on Islands and Continents【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。讲述了鸟类灭绝现状的严重性，分析了导致此现状的原因。【8题详解】猜测词义题。句意：更糟糕的是，如果人类活动继续,鸟灭绝率可能飙升，12%的已知鸟类可能到本世纪末灭绝。skyrocket指的是飞涨，飙升，与increase quickly同义，故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段Taking these points into consideration, the extinction rate is closer to one bird species per year, says Pimm,可知Pimm认为鸟类每年的灭绝率接近一种，故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中Polynesian peoples expanded into the Pacific or Europeans took over the Americas, wiping out birds along the way.第六段中an increased number of extinctions on continents, again because of human activities.及人类影响前后鸟类灭绝的对比可知，这两段告诉我们人类的行为造成了鸟类灭绝，应该为此负责。故选D。【11题详解】标题判断题。根据首段Birds enjoy a relatively slow rate of extinction but a new study suggests that rate might be severely underestimated.和下文对鸟类灭绝的现状及原因分析可知，本文主要讲述的是鸟类灭绝的严重情况，不是讲述人类的保护。C项Bird Extinction Rates Far Worse Than Realized鸟类的灭绝率远比意识到的要糟糕，既能概括全文又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。故选C。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。小题4根据首段Birds enjoy a relatively slow rate of extinction but a new study suggests that rate might be severely underestimated.和下文对鸟类灭绝的现状及原因分析可知，本文主要讲述的是鸟类灭绝的严重情况，不是讲述人类的保护。C项Bird Extinction Rates Far Worse Than Realized鸟类的灭绝率远比意识到的要糟糕，既能概括全文又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。DThere was a time when a trip to the supermarket in the United States often ended with a seemingly simple question from the cashier: “Paper or plastic?” Well, which type of bag would you choose?While all types of bags have some influence on the environment, it has long been supposed that paper bags are kinder. They are made from a renewable source, break down easily, burn without giving off thick smoke and can be recycled. However, the producing process behind paper bags uses more energy than that of plastic ones. How can this be true?Studies show that paper bag production requires four times as much energy as plastic bag production. And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher. Besides, the influence on forests is very serious. It takes about fourteen million trees to produce ten billion paper bags, which happens to be the number of bags used in the United States yearly. In terms of recycling, the idea that paper bags are more environment-friendly than plastic ones can be quickly discarded. Research shows it requires about 98% less energy to recycle plastic than it does paper.Even though paper bags might be more harmful than plastic ones, plastic still seems to be considered by governments as the more harmful of the two. In Ireland, for example, a tax has been introduced to discourage the use of plastic bags. People have to pay 22 cents for every plastic bag, and as a result, their use has dropped quickly.Theres no doubt that it makes more sense to reuse these bags. However, we dont seem to be doing that at present. That may be because they fall apart quickly. If so, cloth bags are a better choice, but still, their production also has a bad influence on the environment. So what to do? How should we answer the question of “Paper or plastic?” It seems that we first need to ask ourselves one more general question: “What can I do to help the environment?”12. The questions in Paragraph 1 are used to .A. express the authors doubtsB. tell readers how to save moneyC. introduce points for discussionD. show the kindness of the cashier13. Compared with plastic bags, paper bags .A. need more water to produceB. require less energy to recycleC. take more time to break downD. have less influence on forests14. The underlined word “discarded” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.A. shared B. given upC. discussed D. put forward15. Which question does the author probably hope the cashier will ask?A. Paper or cloth? B. Paper or plastic?C. A small bag or big one? D. A new bag or your own one?【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D【解析】文章列举了一些数据来说明纸和塑料哪种更环保，研究显示，纸袋无论生产或回收都比塑料袋耗费更多的水，所以在售货员问要纸袋还是塑料袋，我们更应该想想我们能为环境做些什么。【12题详解】目的意图题。文章第一段说到去超市购物，售货员最后问我们“用纸袋还是塑料袋”的问题，引出下文关于环保的讨论，故可知第一段的问题被用来引出下文要介绍的话题。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的数据Studies show that paper bag production requires four times as much energy as plastic bag production. And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher.（研究显示纸袋的生产需要塑料袋生产的四倍的能源。被用来生产纸袋的用水量比生产塑料袋用水量高20倍。）可知，与塑料袋相比，纸袋的生产需要更多的水。故选A。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子In terms of recycling, the idea that paper bags are more environment-friendly than plastic ones can be quickly discarded. Research shows it requires about 98% less energy to recycle plastic than it does paper.（就回收而言，纸袋比塑料袋更环保的想法可以被很快的discard。研究显示，回收塑料比回收纸节省98%的能源。）可知，这里discard的意思是“放弃”，故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后的内容How should we answer the question of “Paper or plastic?” It seems that we first need to ask ourselves one more general question: “What can I do to help the environment?”（我们应该怎样回答“纸袋还是塑料袋”的问题呢？似乎我们首先需要问自己一个更常规的问题“我应该做什么来帮助环境呢？”可推知，作者希望收银员问的问题是“新袋子还是自己的袋子？”，因为这样对环境有帮助，故选D。【名师点睛】细节理解题属于直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于高考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。比如文章第2题，首先根据题干中的Compared with与作比较，以及选项内容可知这里要找到关于纸袋和塑料袋关于能源消耗以及对环境影响作对比的内容，根据第三段的Studies show的内容可知，这里通过研究显示对比了塑料袋和纸袋的能源使用以及环保的问题，再结合句子的详细内容paper bag production requires four times as much energy as plastic bag production. And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher. Besides, the influence on forests is very serious. （纸袋的生产需要塑料袋生产的四倍的能源。被用来生产纸袋的用水量比生产塑料袋用水量高20倍。另外对森林的影响也是很严重的），可判断答案A（纸袋的生产需要更多的水）是用另一种方式表达了文章中的句子。故A正确。第二节 (共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Some people get pleasure from picnics and tours. Others like to discuss various topics and find pleasure in it. But the reading of books provides us with such pleasure as we do not get from any other activity.Books are written by learned people. They contain the best experiences and thoughts of their writers. Writers put in their books not only their own ideas and feelings, but also what they observe and find in society._16_If we are in a cheerful mood, our joy is increased by reading._17_They provide us with the best advice and guidance in our difficulties. Indeed, books are our best friends as they help us in our hour of need._18_They entertain us in our spare moments. Good novels, books on poetry and short stories, give us great enjoyment. At times we become so absorbed in our books that we forget even our important arrangements. Loneliness is no trouble for a reader._19_They give us sound moral advice. It is through the reading of books that we learn what to love and what to hate. The reading of good books develops and improves our character. It was the English author Bacon who said that reading makes a full man. No one can ques