第三讲限定词(一).ppt

THETHIRDLESSON DETERMINER 1 第三讲 限定词 一 英语的限定词包括 定冠词 DefiniteArticle 不定冠词 IndefiniteArticle 零冠词 ZeroArticle 物主限定词 PossessiveDeterminer my your his her our your their one s its名词属格 GenitiveNoun John s myfriend s指示限定词 DemonstrativeDeterminer this that these those such关系限定词 RelativeDeterminer whosewhich 疑问限定词 InterrogativeDeterminer what which whose不定限定词 IndefiniteDeterminer no some any each every enough either neither all both half several many much a few a little other another基数词 CardinalNumeral 和序数词 OrdinalNumber 倍数词 MultiplicativeNumeral 和分数词 FractionalNumeral 量词 Quantifier alotof lotsof plentyof agreat gooddealof alarge smallamount quantityof agreat large goodnumberof等 3 1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系 3 2限定词与限定词的搭配关系 3 3若干限定词用法比较 1 能与三类名词搭配的限定词 有些限定词如the some any no other whose以及my your等物主限定词和名词属格 John s myfriend s 等能与三类名词搭配 例如 thebookthebooksthemoneymybookmybooksmymoneymyfriend sbookmyfriend sboodsmyfriend smoneyanybookanybooksanymoneysomebooksomebookssomemoneynobooknobooksnomoneytheotherbooktheotherbookstheothermoneywhosebookwhosebookswhosemoney 2 只能与名词单数搭配的限定词有些限定词如a n one another each every either neither manya sucha等只能与单数名词搭配 例如 eachworkereverystudenteitherbookneithersentenceanappleonecopyanotherbookmanyabooksuchabook 3 只能与复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如both two three anothertwo three many a few several these those a great numberof等只能与复数名词搭配 例如 bothworkers a fewwordsseveralstudentsthese thosebooksanumberofessaystwo threevisitorsmanystudentsanothertwostudents 4 只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如a little bitof alargeamountof agreatdealof a little much less the least等只能与不可数名词搭配 abitofwateralargeamountofmoneymuchnoise a littlespacelessoil the leastoil 5 能与单 复数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如thefirst thesecond thelast thenext等既可与单数名词搭配 也可与复数名词搭配 例如 thefirstrosethefirstrosesthelastmanthelastmenthenextmeetingthenextmeetings 6 能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如this that等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配 例如 this thatjobthis thatwork 7 能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词还有些限定词如alotof lotsof plentyof enough more most such other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配 例如 alotofbooksalotofmoneylotsofchickenslotsoffoodplentyofchairsplentyofwaterenoughcopiesenoughcoalmorearticlesmoretimemostpeoplemostworksuchmensuchbreadothermenotherbread这一类限定词也可以包括less和 the least 如前所述 less和least通常只与不可数名词搭配 但在现代英语的非正式语体中 间或也可与复数名词搭配 例如 Lessandlesspeoplecanaffordtogoabroadfortheirholidays PoliticalprogrammesonTVattracttheleastviewers EXERCISES3 1A 1 Whyisthere trafficonthestreetsinFebruarythaninMay A lessB fewerC fewD little2 Onaccountofthetyphoon shipmentwillarrivethisweek A neitherB allC bothD these3 Haveyougot copiestogoround A theotherB enoughC alittleD much4 There s waterinthebottle A fewB anumberofC plentyofD any5 Thereis ironinthisminethaninthatone A muchB agreatdealofC lessD alotof6 Hewrote essaysonVictoriannovelsinhisclass A thenextB themostC theotherD themore7 Hehaspublished shortstoriesinEnglish A agreatamountofB anumberofC anotherD manya8 Wehad rainfallslastsummer A toomuchB littleC alittleD onlyseveral9 carewouldhavepreventedtheaccident A MuchB LittleC AlittleD Afew10 Thestudentsspent theirtimeworkinginthefields A bothB mostC moreD half A A B C C B B D C D 在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时 就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题 按其不同的搭配位置 限定词可分为 1 中位 前位 后位限定词 按照限定词和限定词之间的不同搭配位置 限定词可分为中位限定词 CentralDeterminer 前位限定词 Predeterminer 和后位限定词 Postdeterminer a 中位限定词包括a n the zero this that these those my your 等 Mary s myfriend s some any no every each either neither enough what ever which ever whose等 b 前位限定词包括all both half double twice threetimes等 one third two fifths等 what such a an 等 c 后位限定词包括one two three等 first second third等 next last other another等 many much a few a little fewer the fewest less the least more most several plentyof alotof lotsof agreat large goodnumberof agreat gooddealof alarge smallamountof such等 2 三类限定词搭搭配关系 如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词 其搭配关系总是按照 前位 中位 后卫 的顺序排列 例如 allthefourteachersallyourthreebooks前中后前中后alltheselastfewdays前中后后如果只有上述两类限定词 其搭配关系仍按上述顺序 例如 halfhislecturethoselastfewmonths前中中后后 severalhundredguestsallotherstudents后后前后suchamisfortunesomesuchalloy前中中后 有上述诸例可以看出 中位限定词和前位限定词之间是相互排斥的 即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词 所以 我的那本书 不是mythatbook而是thatbookofmine 因为my和that同是中位限定词 不可并列 但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制 例如 hislasttwobooksthefirsttwochapters中后后中后后threeothertwogirlstwomoresheets后后后后后 个别限定词有跨类现象 如such既属于前位限定词 又可归入后位限定词 由于它只是在sucha 和suchan 这样的搭配中属于前位限定词 而在与其他限定词 some any no all few another other many one two等 搭配时 such则是后位限定词 一律放在上述这些限定词的后面 如somesuch anysuch nosuch fewsuch onesuch等 因此把它归入后位限定词 EXERCISES3 2A Chooseanappropriatecombinationofdeterminerstofillineachblank 1 Hediditin timeittookme A theone thirdB halfaC thedoubleD one thirdthe2 Isaw boysatthecinema A thebothB manyaC boththeD theseveral3 candidatesaregirls A HalftheB ThehalfC TheirhalfD Halfa4 friendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim A HissomeB HismanyC ManyhisD Somehis D C A B 5 alloymaybeusedtoreplacecopper A SuchaB SomesuchC SuchsomeD Severalsuch6 Areyougoingtobuy rice A alltheseB theseallC allthisD boththese7 dictionaryisenoughforme A SuchoneB OnesuchC SuchaoneD Onesucha8 factorsshouldbeconsidered A TheseallB SuchallC AllsuchD Somethese9 meatistainted A Thatone thirdB One thirdthatC SuchaD Fewsuch10 caseshavebeenreported A SuchfewB SuchsomeC FewsuchD Somethese B C B C B C TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish usingappropriatedeterminers 1 开凿隧道需要大量劳动力 labor 1 Todigatunnelwillneedagreatamountoflabor 2 少说空话 emptytalk 多干实事 practicalwork 2 Theremustbelessemptytalkbutmorepracticalwork 3 今天参观展览会的人数比昨天少 3 Therearefewerpeopletodayattheexhibitionthanyesterday 4 安娜 Anna 因为没有足够的钱财而烦恼丛生 4 Annahasenoughworriesbecauseshehasn tgotenoughmoney 5 你读的诗 poetry 和做的练习 exercises 都比我多 5 YouhavelearntmorepoetryanddonemoreexercisesthanIhave 1 many much alotof lotsof plentyof等 表示 多 的意思 可用many much alotof lotsof plentyof agood greatmany alargeamountof等 作为限定词many和agood greatmany之后须跟复数名词 much和alargeamountof之后须跟不可数名词 例如 Manyanimalshavediseases MuchinformationisnowtransmittedthroughE mail Wehaveagreatmanyquestionstodiscussatmeeting Wearegoingtospendalargeamountofmoneyonchildren seducation many much agreatmany等既可用作限定词 也可用作不定代词 例如 Haveyoudonealltheseexercises No Ihaven tdoneverymuch HasshereadanyEnglishnovelsintheoriginals Yes agreatmany Hashespentmuchmoneyonthehouse Oh alargeamount many much可以带有how too so as as等修饰语 例如 Iwanttoknowhowmuchmoneywillbespentontheproject Howmanycopiesdoyouneedforyourclass Ihave far toomanybooksontheshelf Wehavehadtoomuchraininthespring It sreallysurprisingthattheboyshouldhavesomuchstrengthathisage Youcantakeasmanycopiesasyouneed 2 a few a little 表示 少 的意思 可用 a few a little 既可用作限定词 也可用作不定代词 afew alittle表示 少量 带有肯定含义 例如 Let sinviteafewfriendstocomewithus Thereareonlyaveryfewleft Ihadalittledifficultyinsolvingtheproblem Givemealittleofthatwine IamtryingtousethelittleFrenchIhavejustlearnt few little若不与a连用则表示否定意义 相当于notmany much notenough 例如 Ihaveveryfew chocolates left Iunderstandlittleofhisspeech 要注意 quiteafew agoodfew notafew不表示 少 而表示 相当多 的含义 相当于afairnumber of 例如 Quiteafewofusaregettingworried Youwillhavetowaitagoodfewweeks little的比较级和最高级是less和lest 通常只能与不可数名词搭配 但在当代英语中也有用less与复数可数名词搭配的 例如 Ifonlytherewerelessholesintheroof 但这只见于非正式语体中 在正式语体中仍以用fewer为好 3 some any 要表示 一些 的意思 可用some any some是肯定词 AssertiveWord 常用于肯定句 any是非肯定词 NonassertiveWord 常用于否定句或疑问句 例如 Therearesomelettersforme Therearen tanylettersforme Arethereanylettersforme Iseldomgetanysleepthesedays any也常用于条件分句以及带有否定意义的句子中 Ifyouhaveanytrouble pleaseletmeknow Iforgottoaskforanychange 零钱 当说话人期待肯定回答时 some也可用于疑问句 比如当说话人期待来信时 他可以问到 Aretheresomelettersforme 当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时 也可在疑问句中用some CouldIhavesomeoftheseapples Wouldyoulikesomechocolatecake 当some与单数可数名词搭配时 some相当于acertain 某一 的含义 而any与单数可数名词搭配 则相当于every 任何一个 的含义 例如 Someboyhasbrokenawindow Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion 4 all both every each either neither any 这一类词 除every只能作为限定词外 都是既可作为限定词 也可作为不定代词 例如 all of theboysboth of theboyseveryboy everyoneoftheboyseachboy either one oftheboyseitherboy either one ofthe two boysneitherboy neither one ofthe two boysanyboy any one ofthe threeormore boys 由上述诸例可以看出 这一类的限定词和不定代词在用法上有以下值得注意之处 a 表示 全体 可用all和both 但all表示三个或三个以上人或物的 全体 而both则表示两个人或物的 全体 例如 Allthefourapplicationsarebelowtheaverage Bothhisparentsareagainsthisgoingtherealone 如果要表示 全体都不 的意思 当 全体 为三个或更多的人或物时 通常用none 例如 Noneofthestudentsfailedtheexamination I llhavenoneofyourstupidideas 我不能接受你的那些糊涂观念 在上述第一例中 既可用none 也可用noone Noonefailedtheexamination 但noone只能指人 不能指物 如果要表示两个人或物 都不 通常要用neither Neitherstudent Neither one ofthe two studentsfailedtheexamination b 表示全体中的 每个 如果这个 全体 包含三个或更多的人或物 通常用every 例如 Everystudentintheclasstookpartintheperformance Hiseveryactionshowsthatheisaverydeterminedyoungman 如果这个 全体 包括两个或两个以上的人或物 便可以用each 例如 Eachsideofthestreetwascrowdedwithpeople 在这里 不可以用every 如果说 广场的每一边都挤满了人 那就既可用each也可用every Each Everysideofthesquarewascrowdedwithpeople every与each的区别还在于every指许多人或物中的 每个 侧重在全体 近