初一英语复习《直接引语变间接引语》.doc

直接引语变间接引语说话人直接引用别人的原话叫直接引语。说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来叫间接引语。如何变人称：口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”“第一人称看主语，第二人称看宾语，宾语若是不存在，活用代词I, me, my。” 注：“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said,“My brother wants to go with me.” She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate,“How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.如何变时态：口诀：“主句谓语动词现在将来一般时，直引只变人称用原句，主句的谓语动词一般过去时，间引时态向后升一级; 主句的谓语动词一般过去时，直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。” 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 如：1) She said,“I have lost a pen.” She said she had lost a pen.2) She said,“We hope so.” She said they hoped so.3) She said,“He will go to see his friend.” She said he would go to see his friend. 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。 “The earth moves around the sun.” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said,“John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said,“I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said,“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.如何变状语： 直引变间引，状语变化应遵循：时状今变昔，地状近变远，指示这变那，动作来变去直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来” （例：now 变为 then, yesterday 变为 the day before）地点状语， 尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为 that),如： He said,“These books are mine.” He said those books were his. 直接引语 间接引语时 now then today that day this week(month ) that week(month)间 yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before Last week(year ) The week(year ) before状 Three days(a year, years ) ago Three days(a year, years ) before tomorrow The next(following) day The day after tomorrowTwo days later(in two days time)语 Next week(year, month ) The next(following)week(year, month )指示代词 this that these those 地点状语 here there动 词 come go Bring take 如何变句型：1. 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。直接引语陈述句，去掉引号加that，引述动词say ,tell, repeat, explain, think，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。 如：She said, “My brother doesnt want to go there. ” She said that her brother didnt want to go there. She said,“Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.2.直接引语是疑问句时，间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。 直接引语疑问句，间接引语陈述序，引导动词say要变，ask，wonder，do not know，want to know，be not sure，be puzzled据语气。直接引语一般、反意疑问句，去掉引号加if/whether，直接引语选择疑问句，whetheror带宾从句,陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。 I asked her, “Do you study English here?” I asked her if she studied English there. She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers? She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you? She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight? I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. He said,“Can you swim, John?” He asked John if he could swim. “You have finished the homework, havent you?”my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.直接引语是特殊疑问句，直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。 “What do you want?” he asked me. He asked me what I wanted. She asked me,“When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner.3.直接引语是祈使句时,间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变为not ）.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型。直接引语为祈使句变成间接引语时，要变成以下格式： ask sb. (not) to do sth. （表示客气） tell sb. (not) to do sth.（命令性强于上面） order sb. (not) to do sth. （命令性最强）直接引语祈使句，间接引语不定式，去掉引号要加to；ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise,带宾补，直接引语是否定式，not加在to前部。 如：The teacher said to her mother, “Please give me the book. ” The teacher asked her mother to give her the book. The teacher said to her mother, “Dont give me the book. ” The teacher told her mother not to give her the book.“Dont make any noise,”she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,”said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.注意：直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如： He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 4.直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 直接引语感叹句，what 、how 来引导，间引仍用感叹句，有时也用that引，间引语序要调整，陈述语序最要紧。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.直接引语变间接引语练习题1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”2She said: “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.”7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”11He said, “We are still students.12He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”13The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 15She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.16Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”19I said to him, “I have finished it.”20She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.”21“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.22“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. 23“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.25“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）.单项选择1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.附答案：1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11 He said they are still students.12 He told me that he was born in 1978.13 The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14 He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15 She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16 Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17 He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.18 She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.19 I told him I had finished it.20 She told us she would come here tomorrow21 The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher