新视野大学英语三复习资料.doc

词组Unit 11.找茬，欺负 pick on 2.追踪到，追查到track down3.被领会 hit/strike home4.考虑，面对；对付 reckon with5.(帮某人)度过难关：get(sb.)through6. 找出答案；解决work out7. 要求call on/upon8.作为.的先导；引起lead up to9.独立地，独自地：on ones own10. 围绕revolve around11. 申张正义，讨回公道administer justice12.适应adjust to13. 难产a difficult delivery 14.过得有声有色blossom on ones own15.热闹欢快的氛围a merry and festive occasion16. 使和一致：reconcilewith17. 使团结在一起：hold togetherUnit 41. 爱上某人 fall/be in love with sb.2.赞成 approve of3. 出售 for sale4. 一举成名 rise to fame5. 着手（研究、设计）work on6. 表情木讷 sour-looking7. 杰出人物 a prominent figure8. 反传统 be against tradition9. 签合同 sign a contract10. 想出一个主意 come up with an idea11. 引起世界瞩目 capture the worlds attention12.是的缩写 be short for13. 根据 according to14. 以命名 name after15. 把改造，翻制 refashioninto16. 违背，与相反 go against17. 从中解放 liberate from18. 起源于evolve from19. 回驳，拒绝turn down20. 处理，应付 cope with21. 纵身投入 plunge intoUnit 71. 看到 catch sight of2. 源于，来自 stem from 3. 投入（时间或精力）做某事 put in4. 艰难地走 claw ones way5. 给垫基石 lay bricks in the foundation of6. 结果却是，证明是 turn out to be7. 无疑地 without (a) doubt8. 谈到；关于 on the subject of9. 为了起见 in the interest(s) of10. 捐赠，赠送 give away11. 全力以赴in high gear12. 指名道姓地；以名字by name13. 关于 as to 14. 匆匆作出，草草做完bat out15. 退出，辍学drop outUnit 81. 理论上 in theory2. 以的名义 under the name of3. 个性 personality characteristics4. 与相比较 be comparable to/with5. 可分成，属于 fall into6. 随着而来；作为的结果 in the wake of7. 与.一模一样 be identical to/with8. 绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想 puzzle over9. 裂开，破裂break apart10. 活跃起来，栩栩如生come to life 11. 成功地解决；克服get around12. 可获得的，够得着的 within reach13. 首先，一开始，起初：in the first place14. 称呼，叫 refer to15. 不管，不顾regardless of16. 禁止某人做某事prohibit sb. (from) doing sth.Unit 91. 婚前协议 prenuptial agreement2. 财产 financial assets3. 庭外和解 an out-of-court settlement4. 经济后果 economic consequences5. 派发喜帖 send out wedding invitations6. 采纳意见 take advice7. 经典例子 a classic example8. 婚礼 marriage ceremony9. 储藏 store away10. 完全可以肯定 make no mistake(about it)11. 有可能得到 be in line for sth.12. 在压力下 under pressure13. 写出，起草 draw up14. 得到更多 gain in15. 揭露，暴露 lay sth. Bare16. 使易于理解 shed light on17. 坚决要求，坚决认为 insist on18. 发出，寄出 send out19. 对无影响；与无关 have no bearing on sth.20. 就在眼前 under ones nose 翻译unit 1 para 1My brother, Jimmy, did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery, leaving him with brain damage, and two years later I was born. Since then, my life revolved around my brothers. Accompanying my growing up was always go out and play and take your brother with you. I couldnt go anywhere without him, so I urged the neighborhood kids to come to my house for some out-of-control kid-centered fun.我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。para 2My mother taught Jimmy practical things like how to brush his teeth or put on a belt. My father, a saint, simply held the house together with his patience and understanding. I was in charge outside where I administered justice by tracking down the parents of the kids who picked on my brother, and telling on them.我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。para 4So when my father died of a heart attack in 1991 , Jimmy was a wreck, beneath his careful disguise. He was simply in disbelief. Usually very agreeable, he now quit speaking altogether and no amount of words could penetrate the vacant expression he wore on his face. I hired someone to live with him and drive him to work, but no matter how much I tried to make things stay the same, even Jimmy grasped that the world hed known was gone. One day I asked, You miss Dad, dont you? His lips quivered and then he asked, What do you think, Margaret? He was my best friend. Our tears began to flow.所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？”他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。para 7 My mother was right, of course: It was possible to have a home with room for both his limitations and my ambitions. In fact, caring for someone who loves as deeply and appreciates my efforts as much as Jimmy does has enriched my life more than anything else ever could have.当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。 事实上，关照像吉米这样一个深爱又感激我的人，更加丰富了我的生活，其他任何东西都不能与之相比。para 12 Just as my fathers death had changed Jimmys world overnight, September th changed our lives; the world wed known was gone. But, as we sang for Jimmy and held each other tight afterward praying for peace around the world, we were reminded that the constant love and support of our friends and family would get us through whatever life might present. The simplicity with which Jimmy had reconciled everything for us should not have been surprising. There had never been any limitations to what Jimmys love could accomplish.有如父亲的去世一夜之间改变了吉米的世界，9月11也改变了我们的生活；我们熟悉的世界不复存在了。 但是，当我们为吉米唱歌，相互紧拥，祈祷全球和平时，我们也意识到，朋友、家人间永恒的爱和支持可以让我们克服生活中的任何困难。 吉米以朴素的方式为我们协调了眼前的一切，他做到这一点并不令人吃惊。 吉米的爱可以征服一切，这是任何东西都限制不了的。unit 4para 2That same year Bartholdi had assembled the statues right arm and torch, and displayed them in Philadelphia. It is said that he had used his wifes arm as the model, but felt her face was too beautiful for the statue. He needed someone whose face represented suffering yet strength, someone more severe than beautiful. He chose his mother.与此同时，他爱上了一位他在加拿大认识的女子。他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，然而巴托尔迪不为所动，和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。 同年，巴托尔迪组装完雕像的右臂和火炬，并将它们陈列在费城。 据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合做雕像模本。 他需要这样一个女人：面容沧桑却不失坚定，庄重多于美丽。 他选择了自己的母亲。 para 7 Now more than sixty years old, Barbarawho declines interviews but is said to have loved the dollmay be the most famous unknown figure on the planet. 如今芭芭拉已有60多岁了，她拒绝接受采访，但据说她非常喜欢芭比娃娃。她可能是当今世上最著名的不为人知的人物了。 para 9Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in1930 with his painting American Gothic, an often-copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers. The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman standing in front of a farmhouse. He was strongly influenced by medieval artists and inspired by the Gothic window of an old farmhouse, but the faces in his composition were what captured the worlds attention.1930年，格兰特伍德因其画作美国哥特人一举成名。此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪，常常被人复制。 画面展示了一位神色严肃的男子和一位女子站立在农舍之前。 伍德深受中世纪艺术家的影响，他的灵感来自于一所古老农舍的哥特式窗户，但最令世界注目的是画中人物的脸。para 10 Wood liked to paint faces he knew well. For the grave, farmer he used his dentist, a sour-looking man. For the woman standing alongside him, the artist chose his sister, Nan. He stretched the models necks a bit, but there was no doubt who posed for the portrait. 伍德喜欢画他熟悉的脸。 为画神色严肃的农夫，他选择了他那表情木讷的牙医， 至于站在他身边的农妇，他选择了自己的姐姐南。 他把模特的脖子稍稍画长了一些，但无疑能看出谁是画像的原型。para 12 Today, American coins honor prominent figures of the US governmentmostly famous former presidents. But the Buffalo nickel, produced from 1913 to 1938 , honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the American frontierthe destruction of the buffalo herd sand the American Indians.今天，美国的硬币都用来纪念美国政府的杰出人物，其中大部分是著名的前总统。 但1913至1938年间发行的野牛镍币，却是为了纪念由美国拓居引起的两起相互关联的悲剧野牛群的灭绝和美洲印第安人的毁灭。para 17 After the war, a character called Uncle Sam began appearing in political cartoons, his form evolving from an earlier cartoon character called Brother Jonathan that was popular during the American Revolution. Uncle Sam soon replaced Brother Jonathan as Americans most popular symbol. The most enduring portrait of Uncle Sam was created by artist James Montgomery Flagg in his famous army recruiting posters of World Wars I and II. That versiona tall man with white hair and a small white beard on his chin, a dark blue coat and a tall hat with stars on itwas a self-portrait of Flagg. 战后，政治漫画里开始出现一个名叫“山姆大叔”的人物。他的原型是一个早期漫画人物，名叫乔纳森大哥，此人在美国独立战争时期非常出名。 很快，山姆大叔就取代了乔纳森大哥，成了最受美国人欢迎的象征。 最令人难忘的山姆大叔的画像是由画家詹姆斯蒙哥马利弗拉格创作的，用在两次世界大战期间他画的很多著名的征兵招贴画上。 山姆大叔的形象是：高个子，白头发，下巴上有一小撮白胡子，身着深蓝色外套，头戴一顶高帽，上有星星点缀。这模样其实就是弗拉格的自画像。unit 7para 1 Hes the most famous businessman and the richest man in the worldworth an estimated $40 billion in 1997. Without a doubt, Bill Gates belongs in the same class as Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, and other great minds who changed the world. The self-described hacker has dominated the personal computing revolution and modernized the whole world in the process. Indeed, his classification into any other rank than this would seriously understate his impact on the world.他是当今世上最著名的商人、最有钱的富豪1997年他的资产预计为400亿美元。 毫无疑问，他与托马斯爱迪生、亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔以及其他改变世界的伟人属于同一行列。 这个自称为“黑客”的人主导着个人计算机革命，并在这一过程中使整个世界现代化。 的确，将他划入任何其他行列，都可能大大淡化他对世界的影响。para 2Gates success stems from his personality: an unbelievable and at times frightening blend of high-voltage brilliance, drive and competitiveness. When the chairman and CEO walks through the corridors of Microsoft, it is like a switch being turned on; everything and everyone around him is charged with 10000 volts of electricity. Gates sets the example and Microsoft employees follow. The schedule he keeps is one hint as to what he expects from his employees. Its not unusual for the dean of the Microsoft campus to put in 16-hour days.盖茨的成功源自他的人格：他才华横溢、冲劲十足、争强好胜，这些加在一起令人难以置信，有时甚至令人畏惧。 当这位董事长兼首席执行官走过微软大楼的走廊时，他身边的人和物就像被打开了电源，充了一万伏电。 盖茨树立了榜样，微软的员工紧随其后。 他的工作安排暗示着他对员工的期待。 这位“微软校园”的“校长”经常每天工作16小时。para 3Indeed, if theres one thing that distinguishes the Gates style, it is his time management skills. Conservation of time, energy, and focus are his hallmarks. He moves between playing the role of international spokesman for the age of technology and planning business strategy back at headquarters, getting the maximum amount of work possible out of every minute. Always punctual and always in high gear, he typically leaves only the tiniest cracks in the day for eating, talking to friends or recreation. The joke around Microsoft is that his receptionist is the hardest working person in the world. In fact, he has several receptionists. He probably needs one just to arrange his travel plans and visas to foreign countries.的确，如果说盖茨的风格与他人有别的话，那就是他把握时间的技能。 节约时间、精力充沛和专心致志是他的突出特点。 他一会儿充当技术时代的国际代言人，一会儿在微软总部谋划经营策略，充分利用每一分钟，最大限度的开展工作。 他总是准时，总是处于高速运转状态，他习惯利用白天的点滴空闲进餐、与朋友交谈或娱乐。 微软人笑话他的接待员是天底下最勤奋的人。 事实上，他有几个接待员。 他或许需要有人专门安排他的旅行计划和去国外的签证。para 7 When Bill Gates was in the sixth grade, his parents sent him to see a psychologist. After a year of sessions and tests, the psychologist reached his conclusion. Youre going to lose, he told Gates mother Mary. You had better just adjust to it because theres no use trying to beat him. In the 22 years since he dropped out of Harvard to conquer the world of computer operating systems and application software, he has been deadly for competitors trying to claw their way into the market.比尔盖茨读六年级时，他父母送他去看心理医生。 一年后，经过多次看医生和检查，医生有了结论。 “您管不了他的，”他对盖茨的母亲玛丽说。 “最好接受现实，打他是不管用的。” 自从盖茨从哈佛退学转去攻克计算机操作系统和应用软件，22年来他一直是那些企图挤进这个市场的竞争对手的死敌。para 8In early 1975, at the age of 19, while at Harvard University, he and Paul Allen wrote an interpreter for the programming language used by MITS Altair, the first commercially available personal computer. It was their intense relationshipGates the workaholic code writer and competitor, Allen the dreamy visionarythat laid the first brick in the foundation of Microsoft.1975年初，他19岁，还在哈佛大学读书，他和保罗艾伦写了一份程序设计语言的编译程序，供MITS （微仪表和自动系统公司）的Altair电脑用，这是第一台商业个人电脑。 盖茨是个勤奋的编码者和竞争对手，而艾伦却是个充满幻想的梦想家，正是他们的这种密切关系给微软垫定了第一块砖。unit 7para 1 At first it was just plain surprising. Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammalan achievement long thought impossiblecaught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life.起初，这对人们绝对是个震惊。 有消息称科学家已经成功克隆了一只成年哺乳动物，一项长期以来被认为是不可能的成就。这一传闻引发了每个人的想象。 克隆多莉（一只相貌无奇的绵羊）的实验过程，从理论上说也同样适用于克隆人类。 一个克隆人的世界突然间近在咫尺， 科幻小说变成了现实。para 7 Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. (DNA is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic information.) And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible. 有位专家说，如果是刚死去不久，也许就可能。 所使用的克隆方法要求将一个卵细胞和一个含有被克隆人的DNA的细胞核相结合。 (DNA是一种含有我们的基因信息的狭长带状分子。) 这就意味着细胞核必须保持完整。 而人死之后，细胞死亡，细胞核就开始分裂。 但是，的确，至少从理论上说克隆死去的人是可能的。para 9 Identical genes dont produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. In fact, twins are more alike than clones would be, since they have at least shared the same environment within the mother, are usually raised in the same family, and so forth. Parents could clone a second child who resembled their first in appearance, but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. Twins separated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics, but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who was lost. 相同的基因不会复制出相同的人。任何认识一些双胞胎的人都知道这一点。 事实上，双胞胎相像的程度胜于克隆人，因为他们至少在母体内分享过相同的环境，通常也在同一个家庭里被抚养长大，等等。 父母可能克隆出一个面貌与第一个孩子相似的人，但是所有的证据都表明，这两个人的个性会有很大差异。 一出生就被分开的双胞胎，有时可能有相同的个性特征，但是这样的特征出现在克隆的儿子或女儿身上，却只能令人想起失去的孩子。 para 11What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs? 如果父母决定克隆一个孩子以获得器官，那会怎样?para 16That still leaves some confusion over vocabulary. The editorial director of one dictionary says that the noun clonee may sound like a good term, but its not clear enough. Instead, he prefers original and copy. 这样做还是留下了一些词汇上的难题。 一本词典的主编说，名词“被克隆者”听起来不错，但却不够明晰。 他更愿意用“母本”和“副本”。para 18 The gravest concern isnt really cloning itself, but genetic engineeringthe deliberate altering of genes to create human beings according to certain requirements. Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and disrespected) social class: the clones. One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, when Europeans puzzled over how to classify the unfamiliar inhabitants of the Americas, and endlessly debated whether or not they were 最让人担心的不是克隆本身，而是基因工程即根据特定的要求故意改变基因来创造人类。 具体地说，有些专家担心会出现一个新的（和不被尊重的）社会阶层，即“克隆阶层”。 有位专家相信，这一情形类似于16世纪时的一种情况，当时的欧洲人对如何对美洲的陌生居民进行归类感到困惑，并无休止地争论他们究竟是不是人类。unit 9 para 3 Prenuptial agreementsor prenupsare designed to address these problems as they arise. Prenups are negotiated by lawyers for the prospective spouses, and signed before a minister binds them in marriage. They have been gaining in acceptance in the United States since the early s, when more states began passing laws that affected the division of financial assets in a divorce. The laws are based either on community property (split evenly) or on reasonable distribution (whatever a judge thinks is fair). 婚前协议简称prenups就是用来处理这些问题的。 婚前协议由即将结婚的男女双方的律师共同协定，然后由双方在牧师宣布他们结为夫妻之前签署。 自20世纪80年代初以来，婚前协议在美国被越来越多的人接受，因为当时越来越多的州开始通过关于离婚财产分配的法律。 这些法律要么是基于“共有财产”（平均分配），要么是基于“合理分配”（法官认为怎样“公平”就怎样分）。para 6A typical candidate for a prenuptial agreement is a man who has accumulated considerable wealth, has already been stung once, and wants to reduce his exposure to future problems. They want to make their own arrangements, rather than let a court decide, said the president of the New York chapter of the American Academy of Marriage Lawyers.典型的想签订婚前协议的人是那些积累了大量财富、曾吃过苦头的男性，他们想减少日后的麻烦。 “他们想自己安排解决，而不想让法庭裁决，”美国婚姻法律师协会纽约分会的会长说。para 7 Protecting children from a previous marriage is a strong reason for prenuptial contracts. Someone may have an estate of $1 billion and he may not want a second spouse to get a payment of half a billion. He may want more for his children, said a lawyer. The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren is making prenups more common among retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse