中山大学新理5.0英语自主学习大厅第四册第三单元E套答案.doc

中山大学新理5.0英语自主学习大厅第四册第三单元E套答案B4U3-E Part I Listening Comprehension ( 15 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 6 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false. 1. A) T B) F Script: According to Text A, the college graduate, who came into the authors office not too long ago looking for a sales job, hadnt made a good preparation for the interview. 正确答案： A 2. A) T B) F Script: Gift is the secret to success for the best basketball players like Michael Jordan. 正确答案： B 3. A) T B) F Script: Although they didnt win the tennis match, the author was impressed by his 90-year-old partner who liked to challenge his weak points. 正确答案： B 4. A) T B) F Script: As the saying goes that “never too old to learn”, keep learning is also one of the keys to being employed. 正确答案： A 5. A) T B) F Script: Dont try to do what the experts have predicted impossible to realize. 正确答案： B 6. A) T B) F Script: To be self-confident is also critical for people to realize their own dreams. 正确答案： A 7. A) T B) F Script: According to Text B, the author applied for a typist in a hospital for the only reason of making money. 正确答案： B 8. A) T B) F Script: The authors family thought that no one would marry her because of her ordinary looking, and therefore she had to work and live on her own. 正确答案： A 9. A) T B) F Script: The author was so worried and frightened that she couldnt finish the typing test. 正确答案： B 10. A) T B) F Script: She was lucky to get the opportunity of being interviewed because of her good English in the application letter. 正确答案： A Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether its picking one of thirty-one ice cream (11)_ or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us (12)_ , unhappy, even paralyzed with (13)_ . “Thats (14)_ true when it comes to the work place”, says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human (15)_ . Students are graduating with a variety of skills and interests, but often find themselves (16)_ when it comes to choosing an (17)_ career goal. In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their senior year. Based on answers to questions regarding their (18)_ and career decisions, he divided the students into two groups: maximizers, who consider every possible option, and satisfiers, who look until they find an option that is good enough. You might expect that the student who had undertaken the most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with their final decision, but it turns out thats not true. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs than satisfiers on average, they werent as happy with their decision. The reason why these people (19)_ is that a world of possibilities may also be a world of missed opportunities. When you look at every possible option, you tend to focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, a person is more (20)_ the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career. Script: In America, people are faced with more and more decisions every day, whether its picking one of thirty-one ice cream flavors or deciding whether and when to get married. That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown, too many choices can make us confused, unhappy, even paralyzed with indecision. “Thats particularly true when it comes to the work place”, says Barry Schwartz, an author of six books about human behavior. Students are graduating with a variety of skills and interests, but often find themselves overwhelmed when it comes to choosing an ultimate career goal. In a study, Schwartz observed decision-making among college students during their senior year. Based on answers to questions regarding their job hunting strategies and career decisions, he divided the students into two groups: maximizers, who consider every possible option, and satisfiers, who look until they find an option that is good enough. You might expect that the student who had undertaken the most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with their final decision, but it turns out thats not true. Schwartz found that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs than satisfiers on average, they werent as happy with their decision. The reason why these people feel less satisfied is that a world of possibilities may also be a world of missed opportunities. When you look at every possible option, you tend to focus more on what was given up than what was gained. After surveying every option, a person is more acutely aware of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career. 正确答案： flavors 正确答案： confused 正确答案： indecision 正确答案： particularly 正确答案： behavior 正确答案： overwhelmed 正确答案： ultimate 正确答案： job hunting strategies 正确答案： feel less satisfied 正确答案： acutely aware of Part II Reading Comprehension ( 25 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Prepare to win. “If you miss one day of practice, you notice the difference,” the saying goes among musicians. “If you miss two days of practice, the 21 notice the difference. If you miss three days of practice, the 22 notices the difference.” When we watch a world-class musician or a 23 athlete, we dont see the years of preparation that 24 him or her to become great. The Michael Jordans of the world have 25 , yes, but theyre also the first ones on and the last ones off the basketball court. The same preparation applies in every form of human 26 . If you want the job, you have to prepare to win it. When I graduated from college, the 27 were good that I would have the same job for the rest of my life. And thats how it 28 . But getting hired is no longer a once-in-a-lifetime experience. 29 experts believe that todays graduates could face as many as ten job changes during their 30 . A) worked outB) talentC) chancesD) effort E) highF) careersG) DevelopmentH) endeavor I) criticsJ) audienceK) oddsL) top M) enabledN) EmploymentO) figured out 21._ 正确答案： I 22._ 正确答案： J 23._ 正确答案： L 24._ 正确答案： M 25._ 正确答案： B 26._ 正确答案： H 27._ 正确答案： K 28._ 正确答案： A 29._ 正确答案： N 30._ 正确答案： F Section B Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. Passage One Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the jobs wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits. Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment. Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job sharers. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britains Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence. The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals. 31. “Employee commitment” in Paragraph 2 refers to the employees _. A) loyalty B) qualification C) devotion D) technique 正确答案： A 32. Work sharing is different from job sharing in that _. A) it requires more working hours B) it doesnt matter with the unemployment problems C) it creates more job opportunities for the unemployed D) it offers a more satisfactory salary 正确答案： C 33. Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because _. A) they can take care of both work and family B) they are over ideal working ages C) they seek equal opportunities with men D) they have difficulty finding full-time jobs 正确答案： A 34. In job sharing the partners should _. A) be social equals B) know each other very well C) be intimate friends D) have similar working experience 正确答案： B 35. The main purpose of the passage is to _. A) distinguish between job sharing and work sharing B) describe job sharing in general C) criticize job sharing as inefficient D) discuss a way to tackle unemployment 正确答案： B Passage Two Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses：a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c) soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d) none of the above. Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.” This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself was not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born. 36. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to _. A) emphasize the significance of professional training B) spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup C) introduce the topic of what makes expert performance D) state the importance of gifts in playing soccer 正确答案： C 37. The word “mania”（Paragraph 2）most probably means _. A) fun B) craze C) hysteria D) excitement 正确答案： B 38. According to Ericsson, good memory _. A) depends on meaningful processing of information B) results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises C) is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors D) requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration 正确答案： D 39. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _. A) talent plays a dominating role in professional success B) biographical data provide the key to excellent performance C) the role of talent tends to be overlooked D) high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture 正确答案： D 40. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？ A) “Look before you leap.” B) “One reaps what one sows.” C) “Practice makes perfect.” D) “Where theres a will, theres a way.” 正确答案： C Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 minutes ) Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. 41. Journalists who were _ off about the incident raced to the scene. A) informed B) tipped C) let D) told 正确答案： B 42. I have never laid _ to being an expert in this field. A) claim B) declare C) announcement D) issue 正确答案： A 43. You can _ the application with a phone call. A) follow B) follow through C) follow on D) follow up 正确答案： D 44. Dont get me wrong. It would be _ foolish to ignore the competition altogether. A) complete B) total C) downright D) absolute 正确答案： C 45. My boss is a keen _ and always encourages us to do outdoor exercise. A) athlete B) sportsman C) player D) competitor 正确答案： B 46. My doctor suggest that I _ yoga. A) have a crack at B) have a try at C) take a crack at D) all of the above 正确答案： D 47. From my _, this project is practical. A) standpoint B) viewpoint C) point of view D) all of the above 正确答案