精读1-Unit8.docx

第八单元：知识与智慧一、文体注释:1、信息、知识与智慧的差异:The first category is “information信息”, which consists of simple facts and direct impressions. The second category is commonly deemed as “knowledge知识”, which is information processed and systemized. The third category is “wisdom智慧”, which is the hardest to define. We are quite clear about its superiority to the previous two categories, yet for the realm of wisdom there has never been a sure path. However, in this excerpt, Russell has shown us a way to approach wisdom.2、课文提纲：第一段：引入话题知识与智慧第二段：智慧需要全局观与比例感第三段：智慧需要对所追求之事物有意识第四段：要消除偏见才能找到追求的目标第五段：要摆脱时间和空间的束缚3、修辞手法:排比In this essay, parallelism排比结构 is employed, apart from other rhetoric devices. Here is an example: “But it is possible to make a continual approach towards impartiality, on the one hand, by knowing things somewhat remote in time or space, and on the other hand, by giving to such things their due weight in our feelings.” The underlined parts in the quoted sentence constitute equivalent syntactic constructions, thus making the expression more forceful. Parallelism can also be used to convey ones ideas more clearly and create a sense of order and proportion.二、课文词汇及知识点Abridge .省略，摘要，节略 (opp. lengthen) (不保留原词原句，保留中心大意和结构)Excerpt 摘录，摘要；节录；抽印。（抽取部分的原词原句）Surpass 超越Surpass sb/sth in 方面The product of company A surpasses that of company B in both quality and price.Cf. The quality and price of the product of company A is better than company B.A公司的产品在质量和价格方面都超越了B公司的产品。A公司产品的价格和质量都比B公司的好。Correlative 有相互关系的， (with; to)。(随而变化的)Salary levels are correlative with the general economic level of a region.Relative 与有关系联系的Birth is not always relative to a persons success.Related 相关的Have you read all the related books to your thesis?Contribute to 出力，作出贡献A sense of 感Proportion比，比率；【数学】比例。(部分与整体的比率)The military expenditure of North Korea is out of proportion with its national economy.In proportion 比例恰当，成比例Out of proportion 比例不恰当，不成比例Proportionate a. 比例协调的Capacity to do Capable of doing Take account of = consider 考虑Due 应有的；应做的；正当的，当然的；适当的，充分的；正式；照例Weight 重要性；影响力，势力。Attach to each factor its due weight = give each factor the importance that is correlative to its contributionEngage in 从事Involve in 涉及Owing to = due to 归因于Owe v. I owe you.Own v. 拥有Extent n. 程度N1. of n2. of n3. N3的N2的N1The car of his company of Mr. Smiths = 史密斯先生的公司给他用的车各种技师所需要的专业知识的深度与复杂性我朋友的小姨子的男朋友的妈Mother of the boyfriend of the sister-in-law of a friend of mineThis has become more difficult because of the extent and complexity associated with it. As nowadays specialized knowledge is required of for various kinds of technicians.People tend to lose their sense of righteousness when it comes to things related with their immediate relatives.一旦涉及到近亲属，正义感也就荡然无存了。假定你是做医药方面的科研工作的，Be engaged in 工作 = 从事工作My husband is engaged in scientific research.Absorb 占用(时间)Intellectual 用脑筋的，需智力的。Intelligent 有才智的，聪明的Unintended非计划的、意料之外的、未曾预料的。=unexpectedUnintentional 不是故意的，无意的，无心的。Sometimes your unintentional remarks will hurt a person deeply.Internet has the unintended effect of keeping teenagers at home.Inadequate 不适当的；不充足的。Adequate 适当的；足够的Improper不适当的，错误的不道德的Proper 适当的,有礼貌的；规矩的。In western countries, it is usually _ to ask about other peoples income.2000 Yuan is _ for a decent life in Shanghai.Populous 人口稠密的，人口多的；挤满的Populated 有人住的Popular 受欢迎的Spectacular 场面富丽的，壮观的；观赏品的，展览物的。引人注意的，惊动一时的，惊人的。Interested a.Disinterested 无私心的，廉洁的，公平的。Uninterested 不感觉兴趣的，不注意的Incidentally 偶然地。Accidentally意外地Lunatic n. 狂人 a. 疯狂的；极端愚蠢的。The pursuit of XX n. 对的追求In pursuit of adv. 为了追求She studies 12 hours a day in pursuit of knowledge.In the sense of 从意义上来说Constitute 构成，组成，成为的本质。部分构成整体Make, composeConsist整体构成部分 Ends 目的Illustrate解释；加插图于；给（书等）做图表；表明真实Eminent 杰出的，卓越的, 著名的Eminence 高超，卓越；著名对主教的尊称，前面加 Your, HisYour/ his / her + majesty 陛下（国王、后；皇帝、后）Your/ his / her + highness 殿下（王（皇）（太）子，公主、郡主、大公、公爵（夫人）Your/ his / her + Excellency 阁下（首相、部长、总统、主席、总督）Your/ his / her + eminence 尊下（大）主教）Do more harm than good 坏处比好处多Seek to do 寻求；探求；追求；调查；研究。Inculcate v. 反复灌输；谆谆劝导Inculcation n. Bearer 载体It is by no means uncommon = it is by all means commonEmancipation n. 解放（人类、人种、人权）Emancipate v.Liberate v.（国家）Free v.（释放，给自由）申请助学金的标准是：父母有一方下岗，且全家人均收入不超过4500元。即使去追求一个如果做成功便能成就伟大的目标也可能因为你最后没有取得成就而变得不明智。在追求一个目标时，有的目标虽然一旦成功会造就伟大，但是如果这个目标本身是不可能实现的，那么选择这个目标来追求便是不明智的。If you pursue a goal, and if you succeed, you will be considered noble. However, if your goal is from the beginning totally impossible, then you will be only doing a foolish thing.Attainable Attain 获得 (opp. Miss); Inherently内在的，固有的，生来的 (in)Alchemy n.炼金术；(中国古代的)炼丹术 alchemist n.Philosophers stone 点金石Elixir 炼金药，长生不老药，灵丹妙药。No doubt (adv.)毫无疑问= certainly Confer sth on sb 授予某人XX的头衔、荣誉、官爵、学位As it is 事实却是Descend 下来，下降; 降低身分去做。是的后裔 (from) 。Ascend 上升Bring 。 to destruction = destroy 毁了。Damage Destroy: damage beyond repair让我们降低身份来讲讲没那么英雄气概的事吧。假定两个人A先生和B先生之间有这么一件事：他们俩彼此憎恨对方，且缘于仇恨总想把对方置于死地。No doubt adv. 毫无疑问、肯定地= certainlyVice罪恶，不道德；缺德行为；恶习，坏习惯(人格、文体等的)缺点，瑕疵，毛病。Vicious狂暴的；残酷的；凶猛危险的；充满仇恨的Sin罪；罪行；过失；过错Virtue 美德Wickedness罪恶；显示高超技艺Admixture 混合物，搀合料剂；外加物。Mixture 混合；结合体；混合物；集合体Justice n. injustice a.Just a. unjust a. Persuade v. persuasion n. persuasive a. persuasiveness n. Share 股份；（在若干人之间分得的）一份Wickedness 罪恶；显示高超技艺Enmity n. 敌意；敌对；仇恨enemy n. Instill 慢慢灌输。Distill 蒸馏；用蒸馏法制造；蒸馏出 (off； out)；提取的精华Fragment 片段；破片；弹片；小块Empirical study 凭经验的研究Scientific study 科学研究我认为智慧的精华就在于要从“此时此地”的暴政下解脱出来，且解脱得越彻底越好。Tyranny 暴政；专制政治，高压政治 tyrant 暴君；专制君主；暴虐的统治者Emancipation from n.正式解放；正式解放(运动)；摆脱束缚Emancipate v. + from Cannot help doing/ sth 忍不住要。Egoism 自我主义；利己主义 (opp. altruism利他主义，爱他主义); 自私，利己心。Selfishness, selflessness Be bound up with 与。捆在一起，捆绑一起Impersonal缺乏人情味的；冷淡的；非指个人的；客观的Be unaffected except by = be affected only by In proportion 匀称；一分不多；按比例Out of proportion 与不成比例的A modern mansion is out of proportion in an ancient Chinese garden.Be concerned with 在意、关心Usually bosses are only concerned with your ability to make profit for the company. Achieve v.Archive n. Be a matter of 是。的问题Their success is only a matter of time.= they will succeed sooner or later.The launching of this product is only a matter of money. = the product will be launched if enough money is given.Impartial公正的；不偏不倚的；中立的 impartiality公正；公平Partial 部分的；不完整的；片面的；有偏见的Approach 方法；接近；路径；道路Give weight to sth 重视XXXStudents tend to give too much weight to multiple choice exercises.Due （定语）应有 （表语）到期部分constitute整体三、课后练习参考答案I.1. take account of 考虑（到）= consider/ take into considerationattach to each its due weight 赋予每个XX足够的重视= give proper value to each2. no doubt毫无疑问 = certainlyConferred great benefits upon mankind给全人类带来巨大的好处= brought a good and helpful effect to man kindAs it was 事实上= in reality/ actually3.descend to less heroic matters降低身段来讲些不那么伟大的事情= talk about something less worthy or less importantbring each other to destruction毁了彼此 = destroy or ruin each other4.bound up with与密不可分 = connected with/ dependent on5.in proportion 成比例= accordinglyHostility敌意；对抗；愤怒反抗；战争行为Enmity敌意；敌对；仇恨Hatred仇恨；憎恨；厌恶BibleJewish Christianity基督教Catholic 天主教（教皇）Protestant 新教Orthodox 东正教Koran 古兰经；可兰经Hostility 对抗；愤怒反抗；战争行为Enmity 敌意；敌对；仇恨P142 II1Pursue2Ceased3Attainable4Enmity5Populous6Surpassed7Impartial8AppallinglyIII.1.Beneficiaries 受益人2.undesirable 不良的，非预期的3.horizontally 水平的 cf. vertically 垂直的4.descendants 后代、传人 antecedent ancestor 5.increasingly 越来越 6.philosophical 哲学的7.unduly 不必要的、无畏的 due duly 8.standardization 标准化IV1.required of 必要a)sth be required of sth 做必须要i.A passport is required of a traveler who travels abroad.ii.A traveler requires a passport to travel abroad.2.sought to 寻求做3.descended to 下降、深入4.put first 首先5.contributed to 促成6.engage in 涉足7.conferred . upon. 授予8.bound up with 与紧密联系V1. previous = before - following / subsequent2. promote = enhance / advance - weaken3. spectacular = impressive / sensational - average/ common4. awareness = consciousness - unawareness / ignorance5. inculcate = instill - distill/ abstract6. emancipation = liberation/ freeing - confinement/ restriction7. vice = evil virtue8. impartiality = fairness/ neutrality - partiality / biasesVI.1.picked up = contracted2.stand by = keep quiet3.inquire into = investigate4.attend to = treat5.head for = go6.blacked out = lost consciousness7.put up with = tolerate8.dispose of = get rid ofthe + 序数词 + time 可以作连词，引导一个状语从句You need to activate your account the first time