Principle of design and manufacture2013题库.docx

2013年Principle of design and manufacture试题库（考试带计算器）P806 example 16.10P782 example 16.1P735 example 15.2P736 example 15.3P737 example 15.4P724 什么是全面质量管理（Total Quality）？15.7 A product has specification limits of 12010MN and a target value of 120MN. The standard deviation of the products coming off the process line is 3MN. The mean value of strength is initially 118MN, but it shifts to 122MN and then 125MN without any change in variability. Determine Cp and Cpk.答案要点：Cp=Tolerance3=206*3=1.1111Cpk1=minimumUSL-3,-LSL3=minimum130-1183*3,118-1103*3= Minimum (1.33, 0.89) =0.89Cpk2=minimumUSL-3,-LSL3=minimum130-1223*3,122-1103*3= Minimum (0.89, 1.33) =0.89Cpk3=minimumUSL-3,-LSL3=minimum130-1253*3,125-1103*3= Minimum (0.56, 1.67) = 0.56P725 爱德华兹戴明博士是世界著名的质量管理专家，其主要观点“十四点”成为全面质量管理的重要理论基础，请给出Demings 14 points.（至少给出10条）答案要点：1 建立改进产品和服务的长期目标2 采用新观念3 停止依靠大批量的检验来保证质量4 结束仅仅依靠价格选择供应商的做法5 持续且永无止境地改进生产和服务系统6 采用现代方法开展岗位培训7 发挥主管的指导作用8 排除恐惧9 消除不同部门之间的壁垒10 取消面向一般员工的口号、标语和数字目标11 避免单纯用量化定额和指标来评价员工；12 消除影响工作完美的障碍13 开展强有力的教育和自我提高活动14 使企业中的每个人都行动起来去实现转变。14.10 An electronic component has a constant failure rate of =10010-6 per h.(a) Calculate the MTBF measured in years.(b) Calculate the reliability of the component after one year of service.(c) The unavailability of the system, A, equal 1 minus A. Calculate the unavailability if the mean downtime, MDT, is 10h. MDTMTTR.(d) What is the effect on the unavailability of doubling the MTTR.答案要点：MTBF=1/failure rate=1/(100*10-6)10000小时1.141552511年一年后元器件可靠性8760小时/年R(8760)=exp（-100*10-6*8760)=0.416445366Availability=1/(1+MTTR)=1/(1+10010-6*10)=99.9%不可用性=1-可用性=0.1%Availability=1/(1+MTTR)=1/(1+10010-6*20)=99.8%不可用性=1-可用性=0.2%也即，如果MTTR翻倍，则不可用性将会增加，为0.2%。P697 example 14.714.9 A reliability block diagram for an engineering system is given as below. Determine the overall system reliability.答案要点：并联系统可靠性： R=1-(1-R1)*(1-R2)串联系统可靠性：R=R1*R2子系统可靠性相互关系合成系统可靠性左侧上支路可靠性0.950.92串联0.874左侧下支路并联部分可靠性0.850.85并联0.9775左侧下支路总可靠性0.950.9775串联0.928625左侧子系统总可靠性0.8740.928625并联0.99100675右侧上支路可靠性0.950.95串联0.9025右侧下支路可靠性0.90.82串联0.738右侧子系统总可靠性0.90250.738并联0.974455系统总可靠性0.991006750.974455串联0.96569148314.5 A non-replacement test was carried out on 100 electronic components with a known constant failure rate. The history of failures was as follows:1st failure after93h2nd failure after1,010h3rd failure after5,000h4th failure after28,000h5th failure after63,000hThe testing was discontinued after the fifth failure. If we can assume that the test gives an accurate estimate of the failure rate, determine the probability that one of the components would last for (a) 105h and (b) 106h.答案要点：元件号元件工作时间1=932=10103=50004=280005=630006-100=63000累积工作时间(小时)=(93+1010+5000+28000+63000)+95*630006082103平均无故障工作时间（小时）=6082103/10060821.03失效率（失效数/小时）=1/60821.031.64417E-05元件工作100000小时的概率=exp（-1.64417*10(-5)*100000)0.19317283元件工作1000000小时的概率=exp（-1.64417*10(-5)*1000000)7.23536E-0813.12 What kind of mistake-proofing device or assembly method would you suggest using the following situations?(a) A check that the required number of bolts is available for assembling a product.(b) A count that the proper number of bolts has been drilled in a plate.(c) Insurance that three wires are connected to proper terminals.(d) A simple method to ensure that a product identification label has not been glued upside down.(e) A simple method to ensure that a plug is inserted in the proper orientation in an electrical plug.P368 怎样做到绿色设计（Design for the environment）7.6 Four preliminary designs for sport-utility vehicles had the characteristics listed in the following table. First, see if you can get the same weighting factors as listed in the table. Using the weighted decision matrix, which design looks to be the most promising?CharacteristicsParameterWeight factorDesign ADesign BDesign CDesign DGas mileageMile per gal0angeMiles0.075300240260400Ride comfortRating0.40PoorVery goodgoodFairEase to convertto 4-wheel driveRating0.07Very goodgoodgoodPoorLoad capacitylb.0.10510007001000600Cost of repairAvg. of 5 parts0.175$700$625$600$500答案要点：选择设计C（不同打分会有不同的选择，应选Rating求和为最大的设计）7.5 The following factors may be useful in deciding which brand of automobile to purchase: interior trim, exterior design, workmanship, initial cost, fuel economy, handling and steering, braking, ride, and comfort. To assist in developing the weighting factor for each of those attributes, group the attributes into four categories of body, cost, reliability, and performance and use a hierarchical objective tree to establish the individual weighting factors.答案要点：7.3 This decision concerns whether to develop a microprocessor-controlled machine tool. The high technology microprocessor-equipped machine costs $4 million to develop, and the low-technology machine costs $1.5 million to develop. The low-technology machine is less likely to receive wide customer acclaim (P=0.3) versus P=0.8 for the microprocessor-equipped machine. The expected payoffs (present worth of all future profits) are as follows:Strong market acceptanceMinor market acceptanceHigh technologyP=0.8PW=$16MP=0.2PW=$10MLow technologyP=0.3PW=$12MP=0.7PW=0If the low-technology machine does not meet with strong market acceptance (there is a chance its low cost will be more attractive than its capability), it can be upgraded with microprocessor control at a cost of $3.2 million. It will then have an 80 percent chance of strong market acceptance and will bring in a total return of $10 million. The non-upgraded machine will have a net return of $3 million. Draw the decision tree and decide what you would do on the basis of (a) net expected value and (b) net opportunity loss. Opportunity loss is the difference between the payoff and the cost for each strategy.答案要点：净预期价值净机会损失高技术16*0.8+10*0.2-4=10.816-4=12低技术后升级(10*0.8)*0.7-3.2+12*0.3-1.5=4.512-1.5=11.510-1.5-3.2=5.3不升级3*0.7+12*0.3-1.5=4.23-1.5=1.5综合考虑开发高技术产品7.1 Construct a simple personal decision tree (without probabilities) for whether to take an umbrella when you go to work on a cloudy day.答案要点：每个决策或事件（即自然状态）都可能引出两个或多个事件，导致不同的结果，把这种决策分支画成图形很像一棵树的枝干，故称决策树。P152 example 4.44.11 The development of an electronic widget is expected to following the following steps.ActivityDescriptionTime est., weeksPreceded byADefine customer needs4BEvaluate competitors product3CDefine the market3DPrepare product specs2BEProduce sales forecast2BFSurvey competitors marketing methods1BGEvaluate product vs. customer needs3A, DHDesign and test the product5A, B, DIPlan marketing activity4C, FJGather information on competitors pricing2B, E, GKConduct advertising campaign2ILSend sales literature to distributors4E, GMEstablish product pricing3H, JDetermine the arrow network diagram and determine the critical path by using the CPM technique.答案要点：事件后续活动事件最早完成时间备注1A，B，C0启动2D，E，F3ES1+33G，H5ES2+24I4ES2+15J，L8ES3+36K8ES4+47M10ES3+5或ES5+28-12ES5+49-6ES6+210-13ES7+3事件期间活动事件最迟完成时间备注10-1310-7M108-138-5L97-5J87-3H55-3G55-2E63-1A13-2D39-139-6K116-4I74-2F64-1C42-1B0活动ESLSTFA011B000C044D330E363F363G550H550I473J880K8113L891M10100因为H活动时间与G、J两个活动的合计时间相同，且两者是并行关系；但考虑G活动的后续活动还有L活动，因此CPM为B、D、G、J和M。P127 在寻找问题的根本原因时，可采用哪些问题求解工具？P121 为使团队高效率运作，你建议团队成员应遵循什么样的行动准则.（少于5条扣分）P88 D. A . Garvin给出一个产品应该具有8个方面的品质，它们已经作为研发团队在产品研发过程中收集用户需求数据的指南。请问是哪8个方面的品质。3.8 Complete the streamlined configuration of the House of Quality (i.e., Rooms 1, 2, 4, and 5) for a heating and air-conditioning design project. The customer requirements are lower operating costs; improved cash flow; managed energy use; increased occupant comfort; and easy to maintain. The engineering characteristics are energy efficiency ratio of 10; zonal controls; programmable energy management system; payback 1 year; and 2-hour spare parts delivery.答案要点：Engineering CharacteristicsImprovement Directionn/an/aunitsn/an