最新汉英口译篇章交传.doc

最新汉英口译篇章交传粮食生产转变粮食增长方式，要从改革、优化产业结构和耕作制度，加强科学管理，提高粮食生产集约化程度和农业资源有效利用率等多方面入手，但最主要的是依靠科技进步，加快科教兴粮步伐，走高产、优质、高效、低耗的路子。 新中国建立后，共取得较大的农业科技成果3万多项，其中获得国家或部级奖励的6000多项，有一些成果处于国际领先水平。主要粮食作物品种更新了3至5次，每次增产幅度均达到10以上，仅杂交水稻一项，近10年就累计推广l.6亿公顷，增产稻谷2.4亿吨；多种综合栽培技术大面积推广应用，对粮食增产发挥了重要作用；在生物工程等高技术领域，两系法杂交稻新组合等一批重大技术已显示出良好的发展前景。但是，与世界发达国家相比，中国农业科技水平还有较大差距。中国政府已确定并正在实施科教兴农战略，将采取各种措施，努力提高粮食增产中的科技含量。 To change the grain increase method we must first carry out reform, optimize the industrial structure and farming system, stress scientific management, enhance the level of intensive farming and raise the utilization rate of agricultural resources. The most important thing is to rely on science and technology progress, step up efforts to develop grain production by relying on science, technology and education and concentrate on high yields, high quality, high efficiency and low consumption. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, China has made more than 30,000 major agricultural scientific and technological achievements, of which over 6,000 have won awards from the state or ministries. Some have even reached an advanced level internationally. The variety of the most important grain crops has been renewed three to five times, each time resulting in increased yields of 10 percent or more. In the past decade the total area sown to hybrid rice has reached 160 million hectares, with an increased output of 240 million tons; the large-scale popularization of various cultivation technologies has played an important role in grain production increases; and in the hi-tech sphere, including bioengineering, a number of important technologies, such as the new combination of two-line hybrid rice, have shown favorable development prospects. But, compared to countries with advanced agriculture, Chinas agricultural science and technology lag far behind. Hence, the Chinese government has chosen and put into practice the strategy of developing agriculture by relying on science, technology and education. It will adopt a series of measures to enable science and technology to play a greater role in increased grain production.今后几年，将重点推广以下重要农业技术：优良新品种、水稻旱育稀植及抛秧、地膜覆盖、精量半精量机械化播种、病虫害综合防治、科学用肥、节水灌溉和旱作农业等重大适用技术。继续挖掘精耕细作、增施有机肥、用地养地结合等传统农业技术的增产潜力，形成传统农业与现代农业相结合的技术应用体系。逐步健全县、乡、村三级农业技术推广网络，扶持各类民办专业技术组织的发展，形成国家、集体和各种民办技术组织相互配合、相互补充的农业技术推广服务体系。围绕对中国粮食生产发展有重大影响的科研项目，组织联合攻关，积极引进一批具有显著增产效果的重大粮食生产技术。 此外，中国还将优化农业科研结构，建立起学科先进、科研与生产紧密结合的科研新体制。国家和地方政府择优支持一批重点农业科研、教学单位，保持一支精干的研究队伍，从事基础研究、重大实用技术研究和高新技术研究。积极鼓励一部分科研教学人员，深入农村第一线，推广技术，培训农民。加强政府对农业科技和教育事业的统筹规划，推动农业科研、教育、推广相结合，共同为发展粮食生产服务。 In the next few years China will concentrate on spreading the following agricultural techniques: improved new varieties, paddy rice nurturing in dry nursery and thin planting by throwing rice seedlings, plastic mulching, precise and semi-precise mechanical seeding, integrated pest management, scientific fertilization, water-saving irrigation, and dry land farming. Efforts will be continued to tap the potential of traditional agricultural technologies for increasing output such as intensive cultivation, increased amounts of organic fertilizers, as well as the combination of utilizing land while maintaining it, to form a technical application system integrating traditional and modern agriculture. In addition, the country will perfect the three-level (county, township and village) agrotechnique popularization network step by step, support the development of various non-governmental special technical organizations, as well as form a service system for popularizing agricultural technologies in which the state, collective and various non-governmental technical organizations will work in coordination. Scientific research projects with special influence on grain production will be given extra support and important grain production technologies will be imported. Moreover, China will improve its agricultural scientific research structure and set up a new system featuring advanced disciplines and the close integration of scientific research with production. The state and local governments will selectively support leading agricultural scientific research and education institutions to foster a contingent of scientists for technology and hi-tech research. Some people engaged in scientific research and education will be encouraged in an active way to go deep into the countryside to spread technology and train farmers. The governments unified plan for agricultural science and technology, as well as relevant education should be strengthened. This will increase the integration of agricultural scientific research and education, and popularization of agrotechnologies to improve grain production.高级口译翻译全真试题集习题一答案及讲解2000 年 3 月考题 TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die. Our own, our countrys honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth. 分析： The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. 译文一：苍天之下，数 / 千 百万我们的后代 / 尚未出生的人，命系 / 其命运将取决于我们这支军队的勇气和斗志 / 表现。 译文二：苍天之下，我们这支军队的勇气和斗志将决定千百万我们后代的命运。 考点： 转性译法：名词 形容词 million 千百万 形容词名词 unborn 后代 正反译法： unborn 后代（正译） 未出生的（反译） Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission. 译文：敌人冷酷无情 / 铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。 考点： 合词译法无论是英语还是汉语，都喜欢连用同义词以强调其表达的意思。英语常用的是成对词，而中文常用的是一条前后两个部分为同一意思的四字成语 / 俗语 ，或两条同义成语。既然这些同以此表达的是同一个意思，我们就可以把它们合起来翻译，也就是采用合词译法。例如： 1) fair and square 公平 2) There is a hard and fast rule against smoking. 严格 3) He is dead and gone. 他的确死了。 4) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他父亲非常宽容。 5) wise and clever 非常聪明； silly and foolish 很笨 6) She shakes and trembles with fear. 她吓得不停地发抖。 7) He is a man of culture and learning. 他是个很有学问的人。 8) goal and aim 目的 9) ache and pain 百般疼痛 10) right and proper 完全正确 11) cozy and comfortable 非常舒适 12) She was surprised and taken aback. 大吃一惊 13) really and truly 千真万确 14) hustle and bustle 拥挤不堪 15) cruel and unrelenting （文中） 残酷无情 16) 顽强抵抗 ，屈膝投降（文中） 四字格 正反译法： unrelenting 铁石心肠（正译） 冷酷无情（反译） 转性译法：名词 动词 resistance 抵抗 submission 投降 形容词 动词 abject 屈膝 We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer or to die. 译文一：因此，我们必须下定决心，若不克敌制胜，就得捐躯疆场。 译文二：因此，我们必须下定决心，不成功就成仁。 译文三：因此，我们必须下定决心，不想化为尘土，就得得胜归来。 考点：resolve to decide firmly 关于 to die 中的 to 是跟 have to 的，不是跟 resolve to ， 不能翻译成“我们决定胜利或死”。 Our own, our countrys honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world. 译文：我们的荣誉，祖国的荣誉，要求我们置死地于后生 / 发扬大无畏精神，如果我们无颜战败，将羞愧于整个世界 / 在全世界名誉扫地。 考点： 抽象译法： a vigorous and manly exertion 置死地于后生 vigorous: strong; energetic manly: brave exertion: effort 正反译法： shamefully 羞耻（正译） 无颜（反译） infamous 臭名昭著（正译） Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, (in whose hands victory is), to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. 译文一：因此，让我们凭借正义的事业和上帝的恩助胜利在他手中来激励自己伟大地战斗。 译文二：因此，让我们凭借正义的事业和上帝的恩助来激励自己伟大地战斗，因为胜利站在上帝这边。 考点： 定语从句的翻译：融合法（表原因） 转性译法：名词 形容词 goodness 正义的 名词 动词 actions 战斗 action: military fighting 参考译文翻得不好，“业绩” 形容词 副词 great and noble 伟大地 合词译法： animate and encourage 激励 great and noble 伟大的 The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them. 译文：全国同胞都在关注我们，如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政 / 把他们从强加于身的暴政中解救出来，那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。 考点： 转性译法：介词 动词 upon 关注 from 脱离 省词译法： instrument: person or thing that brings sth about 引起某事的人或物 happily: fortunately medicate: consider 合词译法： blessings and praises Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man (contending for liberty on his own ground) is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth. 译文：让我们彼此激励，昭告全天下：在祖国为自由而斗争的自由人民，会战胜世上任何盲从的雇佣军。 考点： 合词译法： animate and encourage 转性译法：形容词 动词 superior 战胜 ground: land 祖国 mercenary: n. soldier hired to fight in a foreign army 雇佣兵 adj. interested only in making money 图利TRANSLATIONS TEST (2) (30 minutes) Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 祖国和平统一，乃千秋功业。台湾同胞可安居乐业，两岸各族人民可解骨肉分离之痛，在台诸前辈及大陆去台人员亦可各得其所，且有利于亚太地区局势稳定和世界和平。 当今国际风云变幻莫测，台湾上下众议纷纭。岁月不居，来日苦短，夜长梦多，时不我与。试为贵党计，如能依时顺势，负起历史责任，毅然和谈，达成国家统一，则两党长期共存，互相监督，共图振兴中华之大业。 分析： 祖国和平统一，乃千秋功业。 译文： The peaceful reunification of the motherland is a great undertaking of lasting importance. 考点： 成语的翻译 台湾终必回归祖国，早日解决对各方有利。 译文一： Taiwan is bound to return to (the embrace of) the motherland. An early settlement of the issue will be in the interest of all. 译文二： Taiwan is bound to return to (the embrace of) the motherland. An early settlement of the issue will be beneficial to each party. 考点： 对 有利 be beneficial/helpful/advantageous/favourable/good/wholesome/salutary/conducive 台湾同胞可安居乐业，两岸各族人民可解骨肉分离之痛，在台诸前辈及大陆去台人员亦可各得其所，且有利于亚太地区局势稳定和世界和平。 译文： The compatriots in Taiwan will live in peace and work happily, the people of all nationalities on both sides of the Taiwan Straits will no longer endure/suffer from the pains of family separation/will be exempt/released from the pains of family separation. The elders/senior in Taiwan and people moving from the mainland will be properly provided for/get what