英语参考文献.doc

JILIN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY研究生农业科技英文文献写作报告 题目名称：（中文）我国收入分配差距的影响及改革对策研究 （英文）The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures 学生姓名： 孙丹 学 号： 20130611 院系专业： 马克思主义学院 马克思主义基本原理专业 硕士导师： 职 称： 教授 教学班级：14班 研究方向：马克思主义基本理论与教学研究 2014年6月5Contents第一部分/ PART I（见封面）The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures .1第二部分/ PART II（摘要）Abstractand key words.2第三部分/ PART III（正文）I the present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our country and impact 31.1 the present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our country31.2 the influence of urban and rural residents widening income gap.31.2.1 affect national economy sustainable and healthy development.31.2.2 affect social stability31.2.3 affect the rural human capital investment3II The cause of the urban and rural residents income gap4Improve the countermeasures of urban and rural residents income gap.4IV Conclusion.4第四部分/ PART IV（参考文献）References5第五部分/ PART V（鸣谢/附录）Acknowledgements.6Appendix.6III第二部分/ PART II （摘要）The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures Name: Sun DanMajor: Ideological and Political EducationTutor: wang YuanAbstract：With the deepening of the economic system reform in our country at this stage and income distribution gap bing widened gradually，the problem of it has become increasingly prominent.If the problem of income distribution cannt be solved correctely, it will not only affect the residents income level and the quality of life, but also the economic development of the whole country.It is more likely to affect the whole countrys economy development trend.The present income gap between urban and rural areas being as the research object，guided by the marxist distribution theory, income distribution gap of our country present stage is done more comprehensive and in-depth research. It is pointed out speeding up the reform of the income distribution system, reasonably adjust income distribution gap, and improving relevant policies and measures to regulate the income gap to a reasonable scope, can promote the healthy and rapid economic and social development in our country. Keywords: distribution of income gap fairness and justice countermeasure 2第三部分/ PART III（正文）I the present situation and impact of the income gap of urban and rural residents in our country1.1 The present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our countryAlong with the rapid development of Chinas economy, people have shared the fruits of reform and development in our country; the income of urban and rural residents have rised, peoples living standards have been improved significantly. But the income gap between urban and rural residents is expanding. Especially since the late 1990 s, urban residents income has maintained a rapid growth momentum, but the farmers income has grown slowly. During 1997 2002, period,urban residents income increased by6.64%,5.13%, 7.91%, 7.28%, 9.23%and 12.99%,respectively and urban residents disposable income kept the average annual growth of 8.61%. And during the six years, our rural income growth was 8.51%, 3.44%, 2.23%, 1.95%, 5.01%,and 4.61%,and the average annual ruralnet incomr rerowth was 3.85%,which was less than half of the urban residents income growth. Obviously, since more than 20 years of reform and opening-up, had greatly improve farmers living standard has greatly been improved, but without doubt farmers has got relatively less benefit from it is a relatively less benefit group.1.2 The influence of urban and rural residents widening income gap1.2.1 Affecting sustainable and healthy development of the national econmyAt present, the domestic effective demand shortage has become the bottleneck of restricting the further development of economy in our country, and the expansion of urban and rural residents income gap is one of the main reasons of the lack of domestic demand.1.2.2 Affecting social stability Reform and development needs a stable social environment. Social stability is the fundamental guarantee for the sustainable and healthy development of national economy, and a prerequisite smooth whether for reform . Urban and rural residents income distribution is reasonable, is an important factor of affect ing the social stability. Chinas gini coefficient has reached internationally recognized 0.4 cordon, and china become of the countries whose income gap is large in the world.1.2.3 Affecting the human capital investment has in the conrtrysideIn the modern economy, human capital has become one of the important factors of production. The income level of human capital stock and workers present obvious positive correlation; the more human capital stock, the higher the income level of workers. Therefore, valuing human capital investment is an important way to narrow the income gap.II The cause of the urban and rural residents income gapThe development of agriculture in our country has many problems, such as its weakness, the limitations of smallholder consciousness, the week concept of the market in the country, congenital deficiency, deformity development mode, which has severely hindered the rapid development of our agriculture and, it is difficult to realize the long-term development of the agriculture.Since the reform and opening, the national income distribution pattern has been further improved, but the city-rural dualistic system has not been fundamertally changed seriously restricted the agricultural development, and which is not good for the long-term development which has of the agriculture seen from the developmenthistory of urban and rural economy plays a very important role and institutional factor in the process of urban and rural development has expanded the income gap between urban and rural areas, which has been the main reason for the disparity of income gap between urban and rural areas at present stage.The appropriate rural favorable policy is fundamental to realize the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. The countermeasures to bridge the income gap between urban and rural residentsTo improve the income distribution situation in our country,and make it develop in the direction more fair ,ness the income proportion of primary distribution in societymust be increased based on the increase of the total social wealth.First of all, starting with breaking the dual economic structure, emphasiae improving the urban and rural duality structure and promoting the construction of urban and rural integration.Second, speed up the transformation of economic growth mode, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, reduce the proportion of the third industry, make more favorable policy for new and high technology industries and environmental protection industry and, realize the sustainable development of economy.And than, accelerate the restructuring of the state-owned enterprise, and reduce the loss of state-owned assets, encourage the development of private capital, increase the support for small and medium-sized enterprises, create a good policy environment, and make socialist economy develop more under the rules of fair competition.Finally, we should deepen the reform of the tax system, adjust thedistribution pattern of the national income among government, enterprises and residents .Optimize the tax system, reduce the turnover tax and other indirect taxes, raise the proportion of income tax and other direct tax, and change the situation that our countrys primary distribution of income proportion is too large; attach great importance to the development of progressive taxes, and improve the efficiency of tax to adjust income distribution. Finally, realize the change of government functions, and focus on developing the public finances. It would be hard to To reduce government revenue share and ensure the full performance of the existing government function at the same time . Especially with the development of society and economy, our government s function scope is becoming larger and it often both the referee and the athelete in the economic field, which interferes with the normal market operation, prodiuces huge crowding out effect on development of private economy. Reducing the proportion of government revenues provides to transforme government s function . We should contract governments functions in the econmy field, cut unnecessary institutions and personnel,Pay more attention to the service of the public domain and make more financial capital used to improve road traffic and other infrastructure conditions in the poor areas,The government invests more in social security and education, and plays a bigger role in social justice.IV Conclusion：Income distribution is a very important part in the production of human society.It can not only adjustthe fundamental, basic relations in human society, but also can improve labor productivity. Reasonably adjusting income distribution gap, therefore,a precondition is for promoting the healthy development of Chinas economic society condition, and is also an important reflect of social fairness and justice.第四部分/ PART IV（参考文献）考文献1刘杜建、徐艳，城乡居民收入分配差距形成原因及对策研究，财经研究【J】,2013年第五期.2章奇，收入分配和收入流动性研究，【J】,经济研究 2007年12期.3尹恒，当代收入分配理论的新发展，【J】,财经研究2002年8期.第五部分/ PART V（鸣谢/附录）鸣 谢 由于自身英语书写能力的欠缺，在翻译过程中存在一些问题，恳请张老师给予指导。最后感谢谢张玉东老师一学期以来的精彩讲解，感谢汪沅老师长期的精心指导。第二部分/ PART II （摘要）我国收入分配差距的影响及改革对策研究摘要：现阶段随着我国经济体制改革的深入，收入分配差距不断拉大，收入分配问题日趋突出。如果解决不好收入分配问题，不仅会影响到居民的收入水平和生活质量，更有可能影响到整个国家的经济发展走向。本文以现阶段的城乡收入差距为研究对象,以马克思主义分配理论为指导,对我国现阶段的收入分配差距问题做了较为全面、深入的研究。指出只有加快收入分配制度改革，合理调节收入分配差距，完善相关的政策、措施，将收入差距调控到合理范围内，才能促进我国经济社会健康快速的发展。 关键词：收入分配 差距 公平正义 对策第三部分/ PART III（正文）一、 我国城乡居民收入差距现状和影响（一）我国城乡居民收入差距现状伴随着中国经济的快速发展，我国人民普遍分享到了改革发展的成果，城乡居民收入有了大幅度提高，人民生活水平也有了明显改善。但是城镇居民和农村居民之间的收入差距却不断扩大。特别是上世纪90年代后期以来，城市居民收入继续保持高速增长势头，但农民收入增幅却陷入缓慢增长阶段。19972002年期间，城镇居民收入分别增长6.64%，5.13%，7.91%，7.28%，9.23%，12.99%，城镇居民可支配收入保持了年均8.61%的增长速度。而在这六年期间，我国农民人均收入增长分别为8.51%，3.44%，2.23%，1.95%，5.01%，4.61%，农民人均纯收入年均增速为3.85%，不到城镇居民收入增长速度的一半。显然，改革开放二十多年来，农民生活水平虽然有了很大程度提高，但无疑却是一个相对获益较少的群体。（二）城乡居民收入差距扩大的影响 1、影响国民经济持续健康发展 目前，国内有效需求不足已成为制约我国经济进一步发展的瓶颈，而城乡居民收入差距的扩大正是内需不足的主要原因之一。2、影响社会稳定 改革、发展需要一个稳定的社会环境，社会稳定是国民经济得以持续健康发展的根本保证，是改革顺利进行的必备条件。城乡居民收入分配是否合理，是影响社会稳定的重要因素。我国基尼系数已经突破国际公认的0.4的警戒线，成为世界上收入差距最大的国家之一。3、影响农村人力资本投资 在现代经济体系中，人力资本成为一种重要的生产要素。人力资本存量与劳动者的收入水平呈现明显的正相关关系，人力资本存量越多，劳动者的收入水平越高。因此，重视人力资本投资是缩小收入差距的重要手段。二、