新编英语教程(李观仪)Unit 8 练习答案.doc

Unit 8 Key to exercises Vocabulary exercises I Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words 1 except apart from 2 essentially basically 3 whenever it is possible 4 over a long period 5 different replacement II Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form 1 focus 2 much the same 3 consciousness 4 threat 5 deserved 6 decomposed 7 revealed 8 frequent III Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words 1 perusal 2 intensified 3 excessive 4 speculative 5 abundance 6 inclusive 7 emits 8 locally IV Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning 1 A 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 A V Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used 1 Synonym mainly basically firstly 2 Antonym unfortunately unluckily 3 Antonym exclude 4 Synonym part division 5 Antonym decrease lowering 6 Antonym unavailable 7 Synonym weak insecure unsafe 8 Antonym irresponsible VI Write in each space one word that has the same stem as underlined in each given word 1 centigrade centimeter 2 kilogram kilometer 3 synopsis synthetic 4 supervise superior 5 submarine submerge 6 astronaut astronomy 7 microbiology microwave 8 overwork overload Grammar exercises I Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms 1 began have had 2 Have talked have talked talked 3 has invented 4 have telephoned went 5 have been 6 has got has gotten 7 has been 8 have forgotten 9 has gone did he go 10 was has disappeared II Make sentences using the time adverbials given The answers are open III Compare the following pairs of sentences and explain the difference 1 a The verb here is in simple present form Has got signals stative possession Got is often omitted in written style b Has gotten means has obtained and conveys the sense of an accomplishment 2 For some speakers of American English these two sentences are synonymous However other speakers feel there is the following difference a It reflects the speaker s point of view The speaker just heard the news and wants to know if the listener just heard it too b This sentence is spoken more likely with the listener s perspective in mind i e the listener looks surprised or shocked so the speaker tries to show empathy and asks if the listener has just heard the news 3 a It is a definite query about a past event b It is a question about an indefinite past event 4 a It conveys the sense that he is still suffering from the pain b It refers to a past event that has no present relevance 5 a Jim is in Italy now or he is on his way there b Jim has now left Italy 6 a It is in the morning that the speaker asks the question b It is in the afternoon or evening that the speaker asks the question 7 a The present perfect tense suggests that today is not finished at the time of speaking Perhaps the speaker will drink more before today is finished b The past tense here is used to present a fact that happened today 8 a It implies that he has passed away b He is still living in the village IV Correct the errors where found in the following sentences 1 have had have 2 have been be 3 laying lying 4 bore bear 5 Rang Rung 6 rised risen 7 cleaned clean created create 8 the voting age had been lowered the voting age has been lowered V Fill in the blanks with because as since seeing that for or because of 1 As Since 2 because as 3 As Since Seeing that 4 because 5 because of 6 As Since 7 for 8 as because 9 because of 10 for VI Make sentences of your own after the sentence given below keeping the parts in italics in your sentences 1 e g I ve no complaint As far as I m concerned everything was perfect I don t enjoy traveling I m afraid As far as I am concerned it would just be a waste of money 2 e g According to the continental theory the surface of the Earth is like the cracked shell of a soft boiled egg According to the recent polls sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy Translation exercises I Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1 到因特网上查一查就可以证明 全球变暖这个主题在公众意识中已经和麦 当娜和微波炉一样根深蒂固了 2 如果我们不限制温室气体的排放 低地国家就可能会遭到海水的冲刷 全 世界雨水和干旱的规律就可能发生变化 飓风可能会更加频繁 厄尔尼诺现象 也可能更为严重 3 我们还主张实施有关政策 与全球变暖现象进行长期斗争 如驾驶使用替 代燃料的清洁汽车 采用有利于环境保护的可再生能源技术 以及阻止滥伐宝 贵的森林 4 这个问题需要所有的人 包括各国政府 工业界 社团 以及个人的协 同合作 才会有真正的改观 II Translate the following sentences into English using the words and phrases given in brackets 1 After months of negotiation the two companies finally came up with a solution which was in essence our original proposal 2 The people of the African tribe worship the moon in much the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun 3 It is still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were built over 4 000 years ago Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings 4 The illegal use of inferior building materials eventually resulted in the collapse of the hotel 5 At present many countries are taking action to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their economy 6 The couple finally divorced after years of incessant quarrels which had resulted from a lack of understanding 7 The governments of the two countries agreed to set up a military hotline to reduce the risk of war due to incorrect information 8 Some Chinese students were not very successful in American universities because they failed to adapt to the new environment there Exercises for integrated skills I Dictation It could be the title of a 21st century horror movie Death by Global Warming Instead it is a real life warning from an American university ecologist who believes global warming may account for millions of human deaths from disease Right now the evidence of significant global climate change is minimal but there are already noticeable increases in human diseases worldwide Most of the increase in disease is due to numerous environmental factors including infectious disease pollution by chemicals and biological wastes and shortage of food Global warming will only make matters worse Global climate change will result in a loss of available food Although there may be some benefits in crop production from warmer climates these beneficial effects will not be so great Crop losses from plant disease and weeds will increase in a warmer climate II Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE word you think appropriate Global warming is the mother and father of environmental problems today The degree of agreement 1 among international scientists is remarkable a 1 5 C to 4 5 C warming by 2050 2 with a possible rise in sea levels over the same period of 1 5 to 1 65 metres Some scientists go much further in their predictions Some 3 by contrast believe there are still far too many factors involved like not knowing whether cloud cover slows down or speeds 4 up the process of global warming or just how 5 much carbon dioxide the oceans can absorb to make any definitive interpretation of the data It should be noted that it is the scientists who are driving the global warming agenda 6 not the environmental pressure groups It was the Changing the Atmosphere Conference in Toronto in June 1988 which alerted the media 7 to the importance of the Greenhouse Effect by describing it 8 as an unintended uncontrolled globally pervasive experiment 9 whose ultimate consequences could be second only 10 to global nuclear war Writing Exercise Now write two separate paragraphs respectively based on the following two topic sentences 1 It is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship Ideas for reference Friends are an indispensable part of human s life Friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements Friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us Sample As the saying goes Whoever is delighted in solitude is either a wild beast or a god friends are an indispensable part of human s life A person without friends is just like a spring without flowers a dish without seasoning and it is absolutely meaningless as an ancient writer put it Needless to say friends play a significant role in our life To begin with friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements we need to go on when our own store of willpower has become depleted No one is bound to be strong and happy all the time for life has its own up and down And whenever we need them friends will be with us if not always at least most of the time Moreover friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us When we put on a play they will be our audiences when give a speech they will be our listeners when we write a book they will be our readers In a word friends are the very persons that we feel flattered and relaxed no matter what stage we stand on All in all we have to say that it is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship and having friends is beneficial They give us comforts and encouragements strengths and confidences Actually Truly great friends said a writer are hard to find difficult to leave and impossible to forget Therefore we should cherish our friendship 2 Setting oneself high goals in life is important Ideas for reference Aim plays a significant role in our life Setting high goals makes us clearer of life Setting high goals helps us use our time more efficiently Setting high goals turns us more confident Sample As the saying goes Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass