情态动词 高考第一轮复习

08江苏高考高三英语第一轮复习专题 第 12 页 共 12 页2008年江苏高考08高考第一轮复习专题17模块四 语法专练：情态动词【考点透视】 从近几年的高考试题来看，情态动词是一大热点。每年单项填空题必考一题，通常从三个方面来考查考生对情态动词的运用：一是情态动词本身所表达的意义，如表示禁止、命令、威胁、许诺等意义；can, may, might, need, shall, should等的用法。二是“情态动词+have done”表示推测。三是情态动词后面省略形式的用法区别，如I could (=I could do），I could have (=I could have done)的区别。（一）can和could的用法1表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。例如： Can you finish this work tonight? 一Can I go now?一Yes，you can. 2could也可表示请求，是委婉的语气，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can，即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中。例如： 一Could I come to see you tomorrow? 一Yes，you can. (否定答语可用No，Im afraid not)。 3表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中) Can this be true? 4“can (could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。例如： He cannot have been to that town.（二）may和might的用法1表示请求、可以与允许的情况，might比may的语气更加委婉。may的否定式为may not，但表示“不可以、禁止”答意思时常用mustnt代替may not。例如： 一May I take the book out of the reading-room? 一Yes, you may. (No, you mustnt. / No, you may not. / No, youd better not.) 2“may / might + have + v-ed”结构表示对过去行为的推测，含有“想必、也许会”的意思。 She maymight have missed the train. （三）must和have to的用法1must的否定式有两个：mustnt表示“禁止”；neednt/ dont have to是一般疑问句的否定答复。例如： 一Must we hand in our exercise books today? 一No，you neednt. 2“must have done”意思是“过去一定做了”；其否定式“cant/ mustnt have done”意思是“(过去)不可能做了”；而“neednt have done”意思是“(过去)没必要做”。 3must与have to的区别；二者含义很相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：（1）must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。（2）must一般只表示现在，而have to则有更多的时态形式。（3）询问对方的意愿时应用must。（4）表示理论上的论断和自然法则的必然性时，应用must。例如：We must believe that only socialism can save China.（四）dare和need的用法1need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must，have to，ought to或should代替。例如：Need I finish the work? Yes, you must.注意：neednt have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。2dare做情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用肯定句中。例如：How dare you say Im unfair?3dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。（五）shall和should的用法1shall常用于第一、第三人称。若用于其他人称时，则表示说话人给对方的“命令、警告、允诺或威胁”。2shall用于条约、规章、法令等文件中，表示义务或规定，一般用第三人称，意为“一定”。3shall用于if/ when引导的从句中，表示将来的可能性，语气较强，意为“将”。例如：When I shall see him, I will give him your message.4should常表示“惊异、赞叹、不满”等情绪。主语从句中谓语动词要用“should动词原形”。5should have done意为“应该做而未做”；shouldnt have done意为“不应该做而做了”。6should表示劝告、建议、命令。同义词未ought to。（六）will和would的用法1表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2表示意志、愿望和决心。3will be和will have done的结构均表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。This will be the book you want.The guests would have arrived by that time.4would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。（七）ought to的用法1ought to表示应该2ought to表示推测3ought to have done表示过去应做某事而实际未做。（这时ought to和should可以互换）（八）used to，had better，would rather的用法 1used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。如：Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?Used you to go to the same school as your brother?I usednt to go there.I didnt use to go there.She used to be very fat, didnt she? / use(d)nt she?2had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。3would rather意为“宁愿”，后接不带to的不定式。由于would rather表示选择，因而后可接than。如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than you should tell me one lie.【题例精析】【例1】 Didnt they come to the party last week?Yes. They didnt want to come with us at first, but then we _ persuade them.A. wouldB. couldC. were able toD. had to【易错点悟】解答该题的关键在于区别can 与be able to 表示“能力”的用法。【要点精析】根据上下文语境及讲话人语气，选项动作表示经过努力才完成的。在这种语气的肯定句和疑问句中，常用be able to，在否定句中可用can。 【答案】C【例2】 You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. （2007北京四中交流卷）A. cantB. shouldC. mustD. neednt【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是对“cant.too.”固定短语的理解。【要点精析】根据句子意义：无论怎么注意你的阅读技巧都不过分。同时句中由于有了too.to结构，只有cant可以与它构成固定短语，有此含义。其它选项无此意。【答案】A【专项检测】1. I promised to get there before 5 oclock, but now the rain is pouring down. They _ for me impatiently.A. may waitB. ought to waitC. could waitD. must be waiting2.She was very brave. Even though shed hurt her leg, she _ go back alone.A. couldB. mightC. have toD. was able to3. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. shouldC. must D. neednt4. Ive tried several times, but the car just _.A. doesnt startB. wouldnt startC. wont startD. didnt start5. Always the old lady _ sit for hours doing nothing at all.A. was used toB. wouldC. used to D. should6. There used to be a small school,_?A. was thereB. wasnt itC. usednt thereD. usednt it8. Havent I told you that you _ have the answer tomorrow morning? A. will B. shallC. shouldD. would9. Im surprised that he _ in the match.A. should failB. should have failedC. would have failed D. may have failed10. Better go to see my sick colleague right now, _I? A. hadnt B. didntC. dontD. wont11. Sir, you _ be hunting deer here, for they are preserved by the government. A. oughtnt to B. cantC. wont D. neednt12. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will13. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant B. shouldnt beC. must have been D. couldnt have been15. _ three people who travel together, there _ be at least one who _ be my teacher.A. Between; can; willB. In; should; could C. Among; will; mayD. Of; must; can17. We need a person badly to think up such an idea. _ the new comer have a try? A. Shall B. MayC. Should D. Need18. We _ so tired. Weve only been to a party.A. mustnt have feltB. wouldnt have feltC. shouldnt have felt D. couldnt have felt19. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside? A. Do B. ShallC. Will D. Would21. I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _ cats and dogs. You _ by bus. It was likely to get a cold. A. is raining; must have goneB. rained; would go C. was mining; should have goneD. have rained; could have gone23. I told Sally to fix him up with this job, but perhaps I _ it out for her. A. had to write B. must have written C. should have writtenD. ought to write24. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attendedD. shouldnt have attended25. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ during the day. A. should have done B. would have doneC. may have doneD. must have done26. Is there any flight to Tokyo today? I think there _, for the weather is too bad. A. mustnt beB. mightnt beC. neednt beD. cant be27. Im told that John had another car accident this morning. I believe not. He _ so careless. A. shouldnt have beenB. wouldnt have beenC. couldnt have beenD. mustnt have been28. It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he _ doing his lessons. A. might have spent B. ought to have spentC. must have spentD. could have spent29. I didnt know you were good friends. You _. I have known her since she moved here. You were studying abroad then.A. may have B. neednt haveC. couldnt have D. must have30. They must have finished the work by the end of last month, _?A. mustnt they B. havent theyC. hadnt they D. didnt they31. I didnt see her yesterday. Of course, you _, because he had gone for a trip.A. cant B. may not haveC. cant haveD. mustnt have32. You _ phone him if you want to, but you _. He is sure to phone you.A. may; mustntB. have to; needntC. can; doesnt needD. can; neednt33. She must have gone back to the valley. _, she _ have. The entrance to it was nowhere to be found.A. No; mustntB. Yes; mightC. Yes; couldD. No; couldnt34. He _ full marks, but he was so careless as to make a spelling mistake.A. must have gainedB. can have gainedC. could have gainedD. must gain35. From what you said, she _ you about it.A. mustnt have toldB. cant have toldC. mustnt tellD. cant tell36. You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening. Yes, I know I _.A. ought toB. have toC. should haveD. must have37. Is there a fog in the evening? There _ be. Ill make a phone call to find it out. A. must B. wouldC. will D. might38. _ he help you with the problem? Well, though it is very hard, _ Ill do what I can to work it out. A. Shall; but B. Can; andC. Must; however D. Will; still39. How is that, Joan? Yeah, its from the boss. She _ first, whether she likes it. A. shall go B. ought to have goneC. should go D. must have gone40. Would you like to watch the video, in which you can see foreigners making jiaoji during the Spring Festival? Sure, it _ be very interesting. A. should B. mayC. can D. will41. The door was open. It _ open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.A. can not beB. must not beC. can not have beenD. must not have been42. Where _ Margaret have put the empty bottles? She _ them away. They must be somewhere. A. can; cant have thrownB. must; neednt C. must; must have thrownD. cant; must throw43. Mum, I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf. My goodness! You _ yourself. You _ do that next time.A. must have hurt; mustntB. should have hurt; cant C. may have hurt; mustntD. might have hurt; wont be able to44. Shall I go and buy more food and drinks for the party? No, we have prepared a fridge of those. That _ be quite enough.A. can B. mayC. might D. ought to45. Hurry up, Michael! Its ten to three. Goodness me! The class_. Ill be late again.A. must begin B. may beginC. should have begun D. must have begun46. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the street comer after work every day. A. would B. shouldC. had better D. might48. How could I thank you enough? Dont mention it. Any other man _ that.A. must do B. could doC. would have done D. should have done49. Why arent they here yet? They _ the bus.A. can have missedB. must be late forC. may have missedD. might be late for50. Mike _ come to see me I dont want to go out in case he comes. A. can B. mustC. may D. will51. The thief _ in from the kitchen window as the door was closed. A. may climbB. must have climbedC. could have climbedD. should have climbed52. You didnt invite Bill? _ him too? A. Must I inviteB. Must I have invitedC. Should I inviteD. Should I have invited53. Why didnt you attend the lecture yesterday? I didnt think that we _ on Sundays. A. should B. ought to haveC. shouldnt have D. will have to54. Its said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There _ be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay. A. wouldnt B. mustntC. shouldnt D. neednt55. Would you be here to attend the English party this evening? Yes, we _. A. shall B. wouldC. will D. must56. On Sundays when I was a child, Father and I _ get up early and go fishing. A. could B. wouldC. might D. should58. I lived with my sister this summer and didnt have to pay rent. So I _ save most of my salary. A. could B. wouldC. was able to D. should59. Look, Johns fallen asleep. Oh, he _ too late last night.A. might sit upB. should have sat upC. could sit upD. must have sat up60. I posted the letter a week ago. Then they _ the letter by now. It usually takes four days.A. can have receivedB. must receiveC. should receiveD. ought to have received61. He used to teach in that university and I _ ride past it on my way to work.A. would B. couldC. should D. might62. So you have to leave now. Yes, I _. How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer! A. have to B. ought toC. do D. have63. He _ Shanghai, for I saw him talking with the headmaster a moment ago.A. must have gone toB. cant have gone toC. mustnt have been toD. cant have been to64. From what I learn about their hotel, the service and the weather, they _ their holiday very much.A. wouldnt have enjoyedB. shouldnt have enjoyedC. neednt have enjoyedD. cant have enjoyed65. It is not like Jack to be unfriendly, so he _ you when you called.A. cant have seenB. should not have seenC. must not have seenD. need not have seen66. Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting. Yes, but I think the weather offices computers _ be more accurate.A. can B. mustC. ought to D. might67. The farmers lived near the high way. _ very noisy.A. It must have been B. They must beC. That might be D. There must be69. Mary didnt turn up last time, did she? No. She_. We had changed our plan.A. shouldnt have comeB. neednt have to comeC. didnt need to comeD. neednt have come70. They havent finished the work up to now. Well, they_. A. should B. should haveC. would D. must have71. Shall I go and buy more fruit for the party? No, I have already bought 3 baskets. That _ be enough.A. can B. ought toC. may D. might72. Why hasnt the speaker turned up? He _ the flight. Ill find it out at once. A. must have missedB. might have missed C. would have missedD. could have missed73. I _ pay Tom a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.A. shouldB. mightC. wouldD. could74. Who is the girl standing over there? Well, if you _ know, her name is Mabel.A. mayB. canC. mustD. shall75. It has been announced that candidates (考生)_ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. canB. willC. mayD. shall【答案解析】1D。must表示推测。根据句意：他们一定正在等我们。所以用must be waiting。2D。由even though可知该题意为：她很勇敢，尽管她腿受了伤，她仍然设法独自回家了。而be able to= manage to，有克服困难设法成功之意。3A。cannot / can not / never too/ enough是一固定搭配，表示“越越好”、“再也不过分”。4C。考查情态动词will的用法。will表示意志、意愿和决心。5B。used to和would都有“过去常常”之意，但used to有今昔对比之意，现在再也不这样了。而would无此用法。6C。解此题的关键：一、掌握反意疑问句的基本构成，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。二、了解used to构成的反意疑问句有两种 （didnt和usednt或usent）。三、知道there构成的反意疑问句可由there直接构成，而不用it，所以选择C。7B。can作为情态动词，它有一特殊用法，即：表示“有时会”= is sometimes等一般情况。句意为：我们家住山顶，所以有时夏天风会很大。8B。shall用于第一、三人称疑问句时表示征求对方意见或指示。二、三人称表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。9B。should意为“竟然”。should have done意为“竟然做了某事”。句意：我很惊讶，他竟然比赛输了。10A。had better是一特殊情态动词，它可以写成better，但无论是had better，还是better，其反意疑问句均由had引导。此外，还遵循“前肯后否”的原则。故选A。11A。此题考查情态动词ought to的特殊用法。它有表示“道德法律上的必须”之意。此句意为：“先生，您不能在这捕鹿，它们是国家保护动物”。cant虽有“不能、不准”之意，但它不表示“法律上的不准，道义上的不能”之意，所以排除B。oughtnt to相当于shouldnt，但前者语气更为强烈。wont表示“不愿、不能”，故排除。neednt表“不必”，不符合题意。因此排除D。12A。can不能用于肯定句中表示推测；will表将来或意愿；should have done意为“本应该却未”。句子表达的是一种对过去的猜测，但可能性不大。13D。因对话是对过去事情的推测，所以不能选择A和B。从上句意义可知：已坐了5个人的小车里再挤一个人一定不是舒服的旅行。答案为D。14C。表示对未来可能出现的一种事实的推测，但不是很肯定。15D。谚语：“三人行，必有我师”。16A。本句意为“你能把那本我给你打电话时你提到的那本书借给我吗?”，用过去进行时表示对过去情节，场面的描述。17A。shall用于第一、第三人称表示请求允许，“让这个新来者试试好吗?”18C。“我们本不该觉得这么累，我们只是参加了个聚会嘛”。have been to是已发生的事实，“本不该”也是已经存在的状况。shouldnt have felt是对已存在的情况的虚拟。shouldnt“(照常理)本不应该”。19B。shall用于第三人称表示征求许可。20B。第一句表示要“拜访Mr Richardson”；第二个人因此说我给他发个电子邮件“so (that) he may know”以便于他可以知道“什么时候接我们(期待我们到达)”故选B。21C。说话人在主句中使用了过去时态，因此，用来修饰从句的让步状语从句就必定是过去时态，这样，就排除了A、D项。should have done表示的是责备对方应该做某事而没有做，上句已经说明是走路而不是乘车，这样，就把可would go排除了。22A。cannot / can not / never too / enough是一固定搭配，表示“越越好”、“再也不过分”。23C。should have done意为“本该干某事”。must have done 意为“准是做了”，不合题意。24A。couldnt have done表示对过去情况的推测，“过去不大可能发生某事”。B项表示本不必做某事而实际上却已做了。C项形式错。D项含有责备批评意味，用于肯定句表示在某时间之前应该完成的事而没完成，用于否定句表示本不该做的事却做了。25C。根据句意：研究结果表明我们每天都会有2小时在做梦，不管我们白天做了什么。空格处应是表示对白天所做的事情的不肯定的推测。故选C。25D。对现在所发生的事情的否定推测。27C。对过去发生的事情的否定推测。句意：有人告诉我John今天上午又出车祸了。我不相信。他不可能那么粗心的。couldnt have done意为“不可能做了”。28B。句意：就是玩电脑游戏浪费了这个小男孩很多时间，其实他本应当把时间化在学业上的。ought to have done含有责备批评之意。故答案为B。29C。根据此对话的语境，此空应是“你不可能知道，你当时正在国外读书呢”。you couldnt have是you couldnt have known we were friends的简略形式。该句式表示对过去有把握的否定推测。A项表示“也许知道”；B项表示 “没必要知道”；D项表示“一定知道”。均不合题意。30C。前句是must have +过去分词时，若前句强调对过去情况的推测（一般都有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用didnt + 主语；若前句强调动作的完成，疑问部分的谓语动词用havent/ hasnt +主语。根据题意，by the end o