2011英语(二)复习资料汇总.doc

UNIT 1 UNIT1-1 word studyobjective,accompany,argue,defineobjectivea.We have to accept the objective reality as it is.The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgement.n.People work hard to carry out the economic objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.My objective for the present is to pass the oral exam.accompanyvt./vi.12The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil.The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog.All orders must be accompanied with cash.arguevt./vi.with,aboutoverforagainstShe is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.He often argues philosophy with James.He argued for immediate action.They argued against such a policy.vt.12argue intoout ofdoing sth.? I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.He argued that man was descended from apes.definevt.12Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force.He has defined his position on the issues.2011UNIT1-2 1P1A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2P2Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.3P3If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.4P3For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.5P4For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6-P6Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestthat is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7P6In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8P7Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department . 1.goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity,2.in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, in hand, to turn down3.4.Text A Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision.If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision.Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different.Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company.Decision makers are usually key people who determine the companys business development.2011UNIT1-31. Almost everything a manager does _ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)involves . : involve 2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _(make). (99.4)to be made to be made decision.3. If you are now_your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4)A. in B. at C. between D. amongA.4. Almost everything a manager does_decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4)A. imposes B. improvise C. involves D. indicatesC .5. When_(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems.presented . present 6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_(make) today may have consequences far into the future.made . make decision .7. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be.1. The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals.2. The decision-making process is fundamental to business management.3. Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making.4. Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little as possible to chance.5. Different manager define the same problem in different terms.2011UNIT2-1UNIT 2word studyexert,collapse,lauch,operate exertvt.He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution. collapsen.12The storm caused the collapse of the wooden shelter.He suffered from a nervous collapse.The collapse of the government left the country in confusion.vi.The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.The negotiations collapsed after several meetings.In the last weeks of the war she collapsed from long imprisonment. lauchvt 12The satellite was launched in a rocket.The hunter launched a spear at the wolf.A new ship has been successfully launched.vt ./vi.launch out into Our army launched an attack on the enemy.The police launched an investigation into the case.The research group launched out into a series of new experiment. operatevi. 12on,uponThe elevator operates smoothly.The medicine gradually operated.The doctor operated on the neck of the patient.vt.12This airline operates five main lines and dozens of branch lines.Do you know how to operate the machine?The doctor operated the patient on the neck.He was operated on for lung cancer.1P1Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2P2The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3P2Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4P3If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5P3It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6P5On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.Unit 2 1.escape, explode, collapse, shrink, gravity, measurement, basis, launch, convincing, companion,speculation, swallow, operate, to make use of, a great many, above all2.1) 6) 7) There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.3 Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is.It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars .The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole.If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful .Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them.Word Spelling1. n. density _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2. v. collapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3. n. boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4. a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _5. n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _6. v.l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _7. a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _8. n.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _9. n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _10. n.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _11. v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _12. a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _13. n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _14. a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _15. v.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _16. a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _17. n.e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _18. a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _19. n.a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _20. a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.Word Form1.Supernovae_(report) by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.2.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still_(have) the same mass, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.3.If one_(make) a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.4.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars_(believe) to be black holes.5.Matter from the one which we can see_(pull) towards the companion star.6.There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy_(swallow) up stars at a very rapid rate.7.The most_(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.8.They show us a world which operates in a _(total) different way from our own.9.The surface of some areas_(consist) largely of high mountains and deep valleys.10.Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different_(colour) skins.Vocabulary and Structure1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)_which matter has fallen and_which nothing can escape-not even light.A into intoB into fromC from intoD from from2.This process of shrinking may be so intense_a black hole results.A whetherB whatC whichD that3.Binary stars,_their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.A asB thatC whatD if4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a partner to_which we can see in the sky.A the oneB thatC the onesD those5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day_the energy of black holes for mankind.A make fun ofB make sure ofC make use ofD make sense of6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as_.A companiesB comparisonsC compoundsD companions7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in_round the sun.A trackB orbitC tourD route8.In August 1977, a satellite was_to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way.A postedB deliveredC launchedD transmitted9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are_here.A inadequateB invisibleC intenseD individual10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But_,matter must behave very differently inside the hole.A in additionB in personC in detailD in theory.C-E Translation.5. Unit 2.Word Spelling1.density 2.collapse 3.boundary4.constant 5.basis 6.launch7.twin 8.companion 9.mankind10.speculation 11.swallow 12.inadequate13.matter 14.circumstance 15.ense 17.evidence 18.invisible19.astronaut 20.tropical.Word Form1.were reported 2.having 3.made4.believed 5.is being pulled 6.swallowing7.convincing 8.totally 9.consists10.coloured.Vocabulary and Structure1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.C6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.D.C-E Translation1.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.2.It is only recently/It is not until recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.3.But in theory, matter must behave very differently/in a very different manner inside the black hole.4.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.5.Mankind may one day meet this fate.1. The star will explode when its density increases to some extent.2. Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is ?3. If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.4. 17 Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century.5. He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.2011UNIT3-1word studyrequest,ensure,oppose,burden,open up request n./vt.request for by( on) request at sbs requestHe made a request for immediate help. Minibu