计算机英语实用教程Unit 6.doc

司爱侠 张强华 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程电子教案Unit 6 Operating Systems Introduction【教学目的】 Learn about the English terms of Operating Systems: OS（操作系统）, general-purpose operating system（通用操作系统）, input sensors(输入传感器), single-user operating system（单用户操作系统）, multi-user operating system（多用户操作系统）, Operating system interfaces（操作系统界面）, multi-tasking operating system（多任务操作系统）and etc. Improve the students ability to understand the long and difficult sentences in the text. Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text. consolidate the technical terms and important professional phrase by doing exercises. 【教学重点难点】Important technical terms: OS（operating system操作系统），general-purpose operating system（通用操作系统），input sensors(输入传感器)，single-user operating system（单用户操作系统），multi-user operating system（多用户操作系统），Operating system interfaces（操作系统界面），multi-tasking operating system（多任务操作系统） Difficult sentences: 1. These terminals sent their commands to the main multi-user computer for processing, and the results were then displayed on the associated terminal monitor screen. 2. Devices that are serial in nature (devices which can only be used by one user at a time, like printers and disks) must be shared amongst all those requesting them (so that all the output documents are not jumbled up). 3. Instead, documents are sent to a queue, and each document is printed in its entirety before the next document to be printed is retrieved from the queue. 4. Since the resources are shared, they are more likely to be in use than sitting idle being unproductive. Review the important points of essential English1. initialize 2. power on【教学步骤】Step OneRead and explain Text A to the students and ask the students to keep in mind the following professional terms:1. OS（operating system操作系统）: An operating system (OS) is a collection of system programs that together control the operation of a computer system.2. general-purpose operating system（通用操作系统）: Windows NT Workstation is known as a general-purpose operating system.3. input sensor (输入传感器): As input sensors, they are normally used to sense information from the person using the system e.g. the buttons on kitchen appliances.Once the hardware initialization was complete, the operating system would enter a continual monitoring routine of all the input sensors.4. single-user operating system（单用户操作系统）: In essence, a single-user operating system provides access to the computer system by a single user at a time.5. multi-user operating system （多用户操作系统）：A multi-user operating system lets more than one user access the computer system at one time.6. operating system interface（操作系统界面）：The operating system provides each user with an interface that accepts, interprets and executes user commands or programs.7. multi-tasking operating system（多任务操作系统）：A multi-tasking operating system provides the ability to run more than one program at once.Step Two Help the students to analyze the following long difficult sentences: 1. These terminals sent their commands to the main multi-user computer for processing, and the results were then displayed on the associated terminal monitor screen. and连接两个并列句，先说“这些终端给多用户主机发送处理命令”，再说“其结果会显示在相连的终端显示屏上”。2. Devices that are serial in nature (devices which can only be used by one user at a time, like printers and disks) must be shared amongst all those requesting them (so that all the output documents are not jumbled up). 主语devices后的定语从句把它与动词must be shared among 分割，从句中的serial in nature用括号加了注释，即就是“那些每次只能一个人使用的设备，譬如打印机，磁盘等”；be shared amongst all those requesting them“所有提出要求的计算机都能够享用”；最后括号中表示的意思是“这样所有的输出文档就不会混乱”。全句的参考译文：“这些设备实际上是串行的（这些设备一次只能让一个用户使用，如打印机和磁盘），必须被所有请求这些设备的计算机分享（这样所有的输出文档就不会混乱）”。3. Instead, documents are sent to a queue, and each document is printed in its entirety before the next document to be printed is retrieved from the queue. 本句的难点在before从句，从句中的主语是the next document to be printed，其中后置被动态不定式表示将来，要译作“即将打印的下一个文档”；被动态动词is retrieved from the queue为“从队列中检索到/找到”。全句的译文：相反，这些文档发送到一个队列，每个文档在下一个要打印的文档从队列中检索之前就被完整打印。4. Since the resources are shared, they are more likely to be in use than sitting idle being unproductive. be in use“被使用”或“在使用中”；more likely to do sth. than sitting idle“非常可能忙于做某事，而不是闲置没事”；being unproductive补充说明。全句的参考译文：“因为资源被分享，它们就更可能被使用，而不是空置浪费”。Step ThreeReview the important idioms of essential English1. initialize: 1) assign an initial value to a computer program赋予计算机程序起始的价值；使初始化 2) divide (a disk) into marked sectors so that it may store data将磁盘格式化便于储存数据；使格式化文中的短语或例句：programs that initialize the hardware of the computer system. 将计算机系统硬件初始化的软件One of these programs would gain control of the computer system when it is powered on, and initialize the system. 计算机一打开，其中的一个软件将会控制其系统，并将系统初始化。Initialize 的名词是initialization，请看本文的一个例句：Once the hardware initialization was complete, the operating system would enter a continual monitoring routine of all the input sensors. 一旦硬件的初始化完成，操作系统就会进入对所有的输入传感器的连续监控程序。2. power on: 一个及物短语动词。Power本身可以作vt：to supply energy to a machine and make it work “给机器供电使它运转”。power on表示开始供电的瞬间，因此常译成“打开”或“启动”，常用被动语态，如本文的例句：One of these programs would gain control of the computer system when it is powered on, and initialize the system. 计算机一打开，其中的一个软件将会控制其系统，并将系统初始化。Step Four Text B 难句解析1. Some OSes incorporate the window manager into their own internal code, but many do not for reasons of efficiency. “有些操作系统把window管理程序合并到自身内部的编码中，但很多操作系统并不这样做，原因出自考虑功效”。2. Registry A large, constantly changing file in Windows 95, containing details of how your computer is set up, and all the programs stored on the hard disk 本句解释注册表。注册表是Windows 95中的一个很大的不停发生变化的文件，包含有计算机的设定以及储存在硬盘上的所有软件的详细信息。3. It is thus not strictly an OS per se, but nor is it a true window manager; rather the combination of MS-DOS and Windows 95 results in a full OS with GUI.本句继续讲Windows 95。说“严格起来说，Windows 95本身不是一个操作系统，也不是一个真正的window管理程序，而是MS-DOS与Windows 95联合，其结果是一个带用户图形界面的完整的操作系统”。4. Windows 98 is currently probably the most popular form of MS-Windows, in spite of the fact that its official release is currently a point of legal debate with at least nineteen states, the federal government, and a handful of foreign countries as it has a few questionable features that might restrict the novice computer user and/or unfairly compete with other computer companies.这句很长，上来是主句，说“Windows 98很可能是如今最为流行的MS-Windows形式”；接着说“尽管有这么一个事实，那就是它的正式发布成了现在法律界争论的一个热点，参与这场争论的在美国至少有19个州，联邦政府以及少部分其他国家”；紧接着用as引出一个原因从句：“因为Windows 98有几个令人质疑的特性可能会限制计算机新手，还可能形成与另外的计算机公司不公平的竞争”。5. It(Windows XP) remains to be seen whether or not it will be ported to the Merced when it becomes available. 先看有关Merced（默塞德）的材料，很遗憾这份材料老了一点： Merced is code name of Intels general purpose 64-bit microprocessor, which is currently under development. It is scheduled for production in mid-2000. The processor should be fabricated on the basis of 0.18 micron（微米）process technology. Intel Corporation expects to begin sample production in 1999. The processor is named after Merced city, located near San Jose, Calif., USA. （是英特尔公司64位微处理器）。 Remain to be seen“有待观察”或“拭目以待”；be ported to the Merced归到Merced64位微处理器中去。全句：“我们拭目以待，等到Windows XP投入市场时是否也归并到Merced64位微处理器中去”。6. It(Windows 3.1) is thus not strictly an OS per se, but nor is it a true window manager, either; rather the combination of MS-DOS and Windows 3.1 result in a full OS with GUI.这句话跟讲windows 95差不多，“严格起来说，Windows 3.1本身不是一个操作系统，也不是一个真正的window管理程序，而是MS-DOS与W Windows 3.1联合，其结果是一个带用户图形界面的完整的操作系统”。7. It(Unix)can not quite be considered non-proprietary, however, as the differences between different vendors versions can be significant (it is still generally possible to switch from one vendors UNIX to another without too much effort; today the differences between different UNIXes are similar to the differences between the different MS-Windows; historically there were two different UNIX camps, Berkeley / BSD and AT&T / System V, but the assorted vendors have worked together to minimize the differences).为了帮助理解，不得不把后面括号内的内容带上。Not non-proprietary“不是非专有”；先说“不能把Unix看成非专有的”；后面的as从句表示让步，“尽管不同的供应商的不同的版本的差异还是很大的”，“但不必费很多力气就可以相互转换”。8. With power comes complexity, however, and UNIX tends not to be overly friendly to beginners (although those who think UNIX is difficult or cryptic apparently have not used CP/M).本句的前一句是UNIX is powerful; it is fully multitasking and can do pretty much anything that any OS can do (look to the Hurd if you need a more powerful OS). 这样就知道power指的是Unix的强大而复杂的功能；not overly friendly to beginners“对初学者不是太友好”，即“对初学者有了一定的难度”；those who think UNIX is difficult or cryptic apparently“认为UNIX明显不好学，明显地比较神秘的那些人”；CP/M：(Contr