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Kybernetes Emerald Article An open architecture for information communication systems for multi level electric power control centers Chuangxin Guo Yijia Cao Yuezhong Tang Zhenxiang Han Article information To cite this document Chuangxin Guo Yijia Cao Yuezhong Tang Zhenxiang Han 2010 An open architecture for information communication systems for multi level electric power control centers Kybernetes Vol 39 Iss 8 pp 1270 1281 Permanent link to this document http dx doi org 10 1108 03684921011063556 Downloaded on 28 03 2012 References This document contains references to 15 other documents To copy this document permissions Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by LANZHOU JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY For Authors If you would like to write for this or any other Emerald publication then please use our Emerald for Authors service Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all Additional help for authors is available for Emerald subscribers Please visit for more information About Emerald With over forty years experience Emerald Group Publishing is a leading independent publisher of global research with impact in business society public policy and education In total Emerald publishes over 275 journals and more than 130 book series as well as an extensive range of online products and services Emerald is both COUNTER 3 and TRANSFER compliant The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics COPE and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation Related content and download information correct at time of download An open architecture for information communication systems for multi level electric power control centers Chuangxin Guo Yijia Cao Yuezhong Tang and Zhenxiang Han College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Abstract Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design an open architecture of an interconnected communication system ICS for multi level electric power control centers EPCC based on Tele control Application Service Element TASE 2 which possesses specialties of high performances robustness cost effi ciency quick restoration and easy maintenance Design methodology approach Based on the hierarchy and structure of TASE 2 the overall architecture of the ICS for multi level EPCC is put forward at fi rst As the key devices in the system thestructuresofthecommunicationgateway CG andcommoninterfacearedesigned Then thelogical procession fl ows in CG and the con modes for both CG and IC are analyzed in detail The web based software confi guration of remote maintenance and fault diagnosis is discussed conceptually Findings As a standardized well developed and effi cient protocol TASE 2 is considered to be the most suitable protocol to support the ICS for multi level EPCC Research limitations implications The performance of the ICS needs to be further simulated Practical implications Practical architecture for ICS for multi level EPCC with robustness and cost effi cient specialty is designed in principle which is very useful for manufacturers to develop pilot devices or even products Originality value This paper proposes a new ICS scheme for multi level EPCC based on TASE 2 is proposed Keywords Cybernetics Telecontrol Electric power systems Control systems Data communication systems Protocols Paper type Research paper 1 Introduction In recent several years the expansion of power networks gives rise to more complex dispatching problems For more secure economic and optimal power systems operation empirical dispatching is evitable to be replaced by analytical dispatching Forarecentdiscussiononanalyticalapproaches seeLin 2001 OuYangetal 2000a b A new approach of information communication which is necessary for timelier The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at This paper is supported by the Key Grant Project of Natural Science Foundation of China 50595414 the Innovative Research Group Fund 60421002 of Natural Science Foundation ofChina theKeyGrantProjectofChineseMinistryofEducation 305008 theInnovationFundof State Grid the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities and Ministry of Education State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China and the National Natural Science Foundation of China 50677062 K 39 8 1270 Kybernetes Vol 39 No 8 2010 pp 1270 1281 q Emerald Group Publishing Limited 0368 492X DOI 10 1108 03684921011063556 more accurate data transmission oflargeramounts in dispatching automation systems is on demand Shen and Hong 2007 Chuangxin et al 2003 As a standardized complete well developed and effi cient protocol Tele control Application Service Element TASE 2 is expected to be a standard protocol in control center communications Wang and Wang 2006 Fan et al 2006 This paper puts forward a new interconnected communication system ICS scheme for the multi level electric power control center EPCC based on TASE 2 for a more general study of connected and multi leveled systems see Lin 1991 1989 its architecture and characteristics are discussed in detail The ICS possesses high performances with robust and cost effi cient specialty quick restoration and easy maintenance 2 TASE 2 protocol TASE 2 protocol which is also referred as inter control center communications protocol ICCP can enable data communication within EPCC s as well as that with regional control centers and independent power plants through wide area network IEC 60870 6 503 1997 IEC 60870 6 802 1997 IEC 60870 6 702 1998 IEC 60870 6 2 1995 ISO IEC 9506 1 2000a ISO IEC 9506 2 2000b The information that can be exchanged are the real time and historical data for the use of power system monitoring and control including measured data planning data general accounting information operation records etc The exchanging procedure usually takes place between the supervisory control and data acquisition energy management system SCADA EMS hosts of local control center and those of other control centers TASE 2 is consisted of three profi les IEC 60870 6 503 1997 IEC 60870 6 802 1997 and IEC 60870 6 702 1998 IEC 60870 6 503 defi nes application models and service IEC 60870 6 702 specifi es application lists of TASE 2 And IEC 60870 6 802 specifi es sets of standard object defi nitions supported by TASE 2 With object oriented methods TASE 2 can describe actions in control centers from the observable external actions Because of objects abstract nature TASE 2 is adaptable to various applications To those application fi elds which encompass requirements aforementioned TASE 2 is a toolbox in protocols which can be adopted according to the automation needs of substation power plants automatic factories chemicalfactories etc Itproffersageneralapproachtomanyadvancedcommunication techniques 2 1 Hierarchy and structure of TASE 2 TASE 2 protocols rely on message manufacturing service MMS as underlying protocols to realize data exchange in control centers By and large values of objects transmitted are automatically transformed to local expressions by MMS service providers Some objects in TASE 2 need public semantics and specifi cation which is especially necessary to any two inter communicating TASE 2 systems Assuming applications requesting TASE 2 actions control centers will authorize TASE 2 to implement its data and functions when necessary Protocols of open system interconnection OSI reference models from 5th to 7th layers are required by TASE 2 hierarchy while protocols of 1st to 4th layer can be simulated on any type of transmitting media in connection mode transport layers and non connection mode network layers with standard or practical standard protocols say transmission control protocol internet protocol TCP IP An open architecture for ICS 1271 2 2 TASE 2 structure model The description model specifi es the elementary components object models and protocol operations including structure oriented and non structure oriented in TASE 2 In non structured oriented models various data types are specifi ed under control center environment While in structure oriented models the relation of TASE 2 and control center is shown in Figure 1 Services involved are Elementary Block 1 Extended Data Group Condition Monitoring Block 2 Set Transmitting Block 3 Profi les Information Block 4 Device Procession Block 5 Program Block 6 Events Block 7 Accounts Block 8 and Time Series Block 9 3 Overall design of system architecture 3 1 System technical principles Considering extensibility and development need of inter connected communication system for multi level EPCC in the long term generally uniform designs are adopted which is embodied as system features like openness extensibility expendability convenient maintenance reliability security and standard Gateway software possesses excelling network database inter connecting ability to SCADA and to other operation systems From single path protocols to large scale network front end computers from point to point information exchange to network mode information exchange gateway software is highly adaptive to various automation environments Moreover it supports local remote and crossing application information exchange as well as direct information transmission Interfaces at all levels are convenient easy and dynamic for connecting and the system is expected of extremely high stability and reliability Network security protection is considered in gateway plug in design which should also reach the requirements of EPCC at network information security aspect The end to end data transmission time of the entire data transmission system will meet the needs of absolutely real time data transmission in automatic systems Figure 1 Relation of TASE 2 and control centers Real control center TASE 2 client TASE 2 user TASE 2 protocol TASE 2 provider TASE 2 server Real control center Data values Data sets Transfer sets Devices Stations Programs Accounts Event enrollments Event conditions Virtual control center SCADA EMS applications DSM load management Display processors Distributed applications SCADA EMS applications DSM load management Display processors Distributed applications K 39 8 1272 3 2 Brief description on system confi guration The main data fl ow is to send data of every control center to other control centers by different connections For example ICS supports data exchange among provincial dispatching centers as well as supports inter communication and data transmission between regional dispatching centers or between regional and local dispatching center Namely gateway is not an independent node but an inter connected part in the system The entire system can be divided into four parts including communication gateways CG platform TASE 2 functionality remote maintenance and fault diagnosis and interfaces of CG to other systems The CG platform is the core part of the system in terms of communications between control centers and plants and among control centers themselves all depend on gateways TASE 2 is adopted in communication of gateways while other tele control protocols such as 101 and 104 are employed in communication between gateways and control centers or plants As shown in Figure 2 the implementation of TASE 2 is part of CG s functionality 4 CG platform CG platform is the supporting platform for the system It provides support to TASE 2 and other protocols as well as to applications of other parts in the system Served as client ends or service ends gateways support point to point and one to multi communications Communication protocols and communication modes network mode and other modes can be set in the procedure Thus connections at any numbers can be realized 4 1 CG connection There are different CG connections according to various system connection requirements Users can adopt any connection based on their needs The connections supported by the system are listed in the following 1 Gateways on both sides of control centers Gateways are installed on both sides of control center in this connection shown as Figure 3 Currently TASE 2 is adopted in Figure 2 The sketch map of multi level EPCC inter connected system Standby control center Control center CGCG CG CG CG CGCG SPDNet Interface to SCADA Tele maintance and fault diagnosis Sub control centerSub control center Sub control center Sub control center Sub control centerSub control center An open architecture for ICS 1273 communication between gateways In data transmission gateways can be one to one one to multi and multi to one Communication between gateways also supports other protocols such as 104 for system further extension 2 Multi path duplication Gateways are installed at one side in this kind of connection Communications between gateways and plants gateways and integrated controlstationssupportstandardprotocolssuchas101 104 etc CGcanbetransformed to various protocols from one protocol and then sent to different destinations This usually takes place in situations where data of one plant station need to be sent to different control centers as shown in Figure 4 3 CG on one side of control centers ShownastheleftpartofFigure5 gatewaysare installed only on one side of control centers All data of plants stations are transmitted to gateways by power data network and then sent to control centers after interpreted by CG The right part of Figure 5 shows that gateways are installed on one side of plants stations Various customary tele control protocols can be used in the communication between plants stations and gateways These protocols are then interpretedtoonestandardprotocol say TASE 2 bygateways andthensenttocontrol centersthroughpower data network Boththestandardprotocolsas101 104 DNP and other customary protocols are supported or extendedly supported by communications between plants stations and gateways The three aforementioned connections are implemented according to different situations They are all supported by the system Selections are based on specifi c environments Figure 3 The frame of mode 1 TASE 2 TASE 2 CG CGCGCGCG CGCGCG SPDNet Figure 4 The frame of mode 2 Control centerControl centerControl center Control center TASE 2 SPDNet CG 101 104 TASE 2 K 39 8 1274 4 2 CG platform structure Hardware of CG is usually composed of general servers The confi guration of CG is shown in Figure 6 Data of control centers plants stations are directed into gateways and processed by device procession block Source codes are put into receiving buffers by device blocks and then sent out into primary data zone by various means such as TCP IP and user datagram protocol IP The protocol processing block interprets source codes by their types of protocols and then sends them into real time data base or historical data base During the whole procedure a system control block is responsible for the arrangement and dispatchment in the system Alarm blocks will raise alarms for any unusual occurrence in the system Thus operators will be able to take action on faults on time Therefore systemscanbedividedintodifferentblocksintermsoffunctions namely system database system control block system alarm block system security block Figure 5 The frame of mode 3 Control centerControl center CG CGSPDNet SPDNet Plant station Plant stationPlant station 101 104 dnp Others Plant stationPlant stationPlant station 101 104 dnp Others Figure 6 The frame of protocol gateways and data fl ow System control block System alarm block System security block System log block Historical data base Real time data base Source code Control centers plants station Control centers plants station Device procession block Protocol processing block An open architecture for ICS 1275 system log block protocol procession block and device procession block Blocks work cooperativelytoimplementdifferentfunctions andcanbeeasilyextendedandmodifi ed The device procession block works on remote end downwards communication and variousoperationsofcommunicationports Protocolprocessionblockconductsprotocol interpretation on primary data collected by device procession block and then put the interpreted data into system database System control block monitors and manages objects running status at the node analyzes status statistics say link statistics and switches paths between main and backup System alarm security and log blocks are also indispensable parts in the system 4 3 System TASE 2 procession fl ow System software can be developed either on the basis of ICCP Toolkit for MMS EASE packages or autonomous MMS service The latter choice can give rise to MMS based TASE 2 block that can be applied in EPCC communication Main functions of the block includes data verifi cation information input and output which are necessary for data transmission among control centers as well as data transmission with TASE 2 among control centers To improve the adaptability of the protocol block efforts should be made to design the block as an independent software package which in turn requires separated data exchanging interfaces that connects the block to data source Standard interface functions should then be provided to users to achieve the target System TASE 2 procession fl ow is shown in Figure 7 5 Remote maintenance and fault diagnosis Aimed at more effi cient system management professional management tools in web mode for remote monitoring and operation maintenance are developed shown in Figure 8 Users can control manage and maintain gateways remotely by web browsers More convenience in installation and using are obtained in this way The software confi guration of the system is shown in Figure 9 The progression is stored in gateways or web servers It can acquire data required by management tools through certain interfaces as well as realize some functions Web part adopts Apache web servers and is implemented in personal home page PHP which indicates a well crossing platform performance Costs can be saved on the ground tha