GMAT语法知识点总结：.docx

语法知识点总结：1. 句子结构：A. run-onSVO, and SVO, and SVO.对的SV, V, and V.对的FANBOYS(for, and, nor,but, or , yet, so)B. 主谓一致C. 缺少主谓宾（主句和从句）D. 从句省略：Although SVO, SVO从句的S省略：条件主从句的主语相同；从句谓语中有be动词，也可以省略Although (he is) fat,he still eats a lot.When (he was)walking back home, he came across a dog. 考点：主语还原后发现意思不和逻辑E. 倒装句判断的方法：。Alongside the trail on which we ride bike every morning runs a line of rugged old oak trees.2. 平行结构：A.平行配搭：要求绝对的平行not only.but also.; not.but.(not) so much.as. neither.nor. either.or. B. 功能相同的成分才可以平行：Doing.and done.,SVO. doing和done都是定语，修饰主语I believe that.and that.功能相同的从句C. and, but, or平行标志词，前后结构一定相同 (OG13-40题)doing and doing; to do and to do; as if.and as if3 比较结构：A. 比较搭配：the same.as. ;more than.; as.as.;like/unlike/different fromB. 比较从句：than; as.as.I am taller than Li Lei (is)I walk as fast as (I did) when I was younger. 主从句句式绝对対称；比较对象对等be动词可省可不省；倒装；什么相同省略什么C. I love Li Lei more than Han meimei.I love Li Lei more than I love Han meimeiI love Li Lei more than Han meimei does省略后不能有歧义（主句里面有名词宾语的时候，从句一定不能只跟一个名词。）D. that/ those it/theyThe air of Beijing is drier than that of Shanghai.that指代的是air这个概念，但是不同所属it指代的是前面实实在在出现的那个名词E. Be likely to do sth （OG13-108）A be more likely than B to do sth/A be more likely to do sth than B (be)A be as likely as B to do sth/ A be as likely to do sth as B (be)4.固定搭配（Manhattan语法）5.修饰从句：1. 名词性从句（同位语从句，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句） 2. 形容词性从句（定语从句） 3. 副词性从句（时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句）when;while;because;so.that;although;where.B. done/ doingDone., SVO S是done的动作承受者Brought to the US to receive education, Li Lei.SVO, done done就近修饰前面的O（有无逗号情况一样）I love the pen, bought by my Mum yesterday.Done在句子当中，也是就近修饰前面的名词。I ate the chocolate, made in US, and the egg. Doing, SVO S是动作发出者Walking back home, I bought a car model.SVO, doing 伴随状语 doing修饰S,VI walked on the stage, smiling at the students. 结果状语 doing修饰前面整句话The bullet entered his brain, resulting his death.S, doing, VO doing在句子当中的时候（doing前面有逗号），做状语，修饰主语(OG13-25)N doing doing就近修饰前面的名词（不能有任何逗号，除了including）（OG13-40）A man standing by the tree is smoking.C. having done结构（OG13-70题C选项）只能做状语才对，不能做定语D. 夹心修饰(OG13-104题)M1, M2, SVOS, M1, M2, VOM2: doing/done/介短 修饰方向不确定，错M2: which定从 只能往前修饰，对E介词短语在句末，注意修饰可能有歧义(OG13-126；OG13-115C选项)I stabbed a hooligan with a knife.有歧义F 同位语修饰（GMAT喜欢的结构）1)名词性同位Computers are becoming faster, more powerful, and more reliable, and so too are modems, the devices that allow two or more computers to share information over regular telephone line.2).同位语从句Aristotle has a theory that Earth is round .3).概括性同位Aristotle believes that Earth is round, a theory affecting everyone. 4.重复性同位（OG13-102）By studying the primitive visual systems of single-cell aquatic organisms, biophysicists have discovered a striking similarity between algae and cows, a similarity that indicates the common evolutionary origin of plants and animals: both algae and cows produce a light-sensitive protein called rhodopsin.5.代词代替性同位Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one they believe to be of a type previously unknown to science.F. 独立主格作用：解释说明前面的句子形式： S+adj/N/doing/done/介短There are a lot of vendors and beggars, many of them crying/many of them happy/they happy from rural areas/many children/ many of them ready to win the hearts of passers-byG. A of B, N A of B, which （OG13-19/ 47题）N/which既可以修饰A，又可以修饰B.H. Which，引导定语从句：一般就近修饰前面的名词，不能指代前面整句话I跳跃修饰：相对不太好的选项名词非就近修饰的四种特殊情况：1. 介词短语修饰名词时He had a way of dodging opponents that impressed the scouts.2. 谓语非常短A new CEO has been hired who will transfer the company by decentralizing authority to various division heads while increasing their accountability through the use of public scorecards.3. 用逗号隔开的，非常短的插入语Our system of Presidential elections favors states, such as Delaware, that by population are over-represented in the Electoral College.4. 平行结构的修饰语I want to retire to a place where I can relax and where the taxes are low.J. more adj Nmore delicious apples more修饰歧义 错误5时态：a完成时和过去完成时有没有必要？b 有明确时间状语的事后，时态跟时间状语走c 客观事实只用一般现在时d虚拟语气：假定型虚拟语气和命令型虚拟语气假定型虚拟语气：1)对不可能事情的虚拟：if did/were, would doIf I had a time machine, I would turn back time.2)对过去事情的虚拟：if had done, would have doneIf I had married you, I would have regretted for the rest of my life.3)虚拟语气的倒装；IF had/were/should的时候，可以将had/were/should提前，if省略If I should be in the office, I would pick up the phone.= Should I be in the office, I would pick kup the phone.If I were in the office=were I in the office b. 命令型虚拟语气dictate, recommend, propose, suggest.这些动词引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语永远用动词原形We propose that Lilei marry Han meimei.6 代词a. this that these those不能单独做主语和宾语的，包括介词宾语without that/among these 错的b 一句话当中同一个代词只能指代相同名词c. 名词处在所有格位子，不能用代词指代fathers gift, 不能用he 指代father.d. 主从句和并列句，主语对应指代。SVO, and SVO.AlthoughSVO, SVO.e. 只要没有划线部分出现代词，优先勾画出来，考点f. 尽量不要选择有代词的选项VAN原则动词优于形容词优于名词抽象名词优先用从句解释(OG13-70, 126题)being的用法：一般bein