肇庆鼎湖山.doc

Forest Eco-tour in Zhaoqing DinghushanFrom Mountain Foot to Qingyunsi Parking Lot From Qingyunsi Parking Lot to Temple Qingyunsi Birds-eye View from Back Terrace in Temple Qingyun From Temple Side Entrance to Bushan Pavilion Under Kiosk Bushanting and around Feishuitan (Flying Water Pool) From Hillside Pavilion to Parking Lot at Mountain FootFrom Mountain Foot to Qingyunsi Parking LotOur coach will bring us into Dinghusan. It is one of the four famous mountains in Lingnan area. The other three are Danxiashan, Luofushan and Xiqiaoshan. A long established temple called Qingyunsi stands in the mountain. In 1983, State Council issued the temple as one of the important Buddhist and Taoist temples in the areas across the country inhabited by Han people. Our trip today is not to see the temple hidden in the mountain but to explore its greenness. “Oasis on the Tropic of Cancer” is a title given to Dinghushan which bring fame to it at home and abroad.If we open the World Map, we will find that deserts and grasslands dot on the Tropic of Cancer. Let us name a few. The Sahara Desert running across North Africa, the Arabian Desert on the Arabian Peninsula, the Thar Desert in the low reaches of Indian River, the Madelei Desert in Northwestern Mexica. If we count, we will get 12 deserts or prairies from 16 countries and regions on 23 degrees 26 minutes north latitude.The Tropic of Cancer crosses Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Taiwan. Because of the effect of the warm-humid wet southeast monsoon, these four provinces or regions have plenty of rain, taking on a natural landscape quite different from that of the dry desert areas.The Tropic of Cancer passes across some primitive forest zones in Guangdong. Shall I list a few for you? They are Dinghushan Natural Reserve and Heishiding Forests Area in Zhaoqing; Nankunshan Forests and Gutian Chenshui Forests in Huizhou. Among them, Dinghushan, at the north latitude of 23 degrees 8minutes, is quite outstanding. The subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest there is well preserved. Dinghushan is just like a natural green treasury. It enjoys 1,843 kind of wild high-order plants. 23 species of rare plants and 15 species of rare animals are listed under the focal protection of the state. It is the habitat of silver pheasant, the “provincial bird” of Guangdong Province. Surprisingly, with an area of 11.33 square meters only, this mountain nurtures an abundant species of living things. Dinghushan has a low altitude. Its highest peak, called Jilong Summit, has an altitude of 1000.3 meters. And Zhaoqing city is expanded around this mountain. How can it maintain its ecosystem? Isnt it amazing? In fact, a lot has been done. In 1956, the State Council approved to list Dinghushan as the first state-level natural reserves. In 1978, it was listed as the positioning station for forest ecosystem studies conducted by the Chinese Academy of Science. In 1979, UNESCO issued it as the positioning research station for the “Man the Bisosphere” program. In 1982, Xinghu (or call it the Star-like Lake) including Rock Qixingyan and Dinghushan, was listed as one of the 44 state-level scenic areas by the State Council.Dinghushan Scenic spots consist of three parts: Tianxi, Tianhu and Yunxi. We are touring between the first two today. The third has not been exploited, leaving it intact for our future generations. From Qingyunsi Parking Lot to Temple Qingyun Dear guests, do you feel the pleasant fresh and cool air? The annual average temperature in the mountain is 21 celsius degrees. Its daily average temperature is two to four degrees lower than that of the neighboring areas. In summer time, its temperature can be five to seven degrees lower than of downtown Zhaoqing. It is an ideal summer resort.To promote eco-learning, precious species, aged or rare trees have information boards on them. Do you have interest in recognizing different kinds of trees?The tree I am pointing at is one of the endangered plant species listed in the second grade of protected roster in Chinese Plant Red Book. Look at the name here, it is difficult to read it: erythrophleum fordii.Here is a community of Castanea Henryi and Chinese guger trees. These two kinds are the pioneers in the evergreen broad-leaved forests, as they are very productive and able to survive under harsh conditions. With their help, other kinds of plants grow very quickly and spread over hill and dale.This is Calamus rhadocladus in Guangdong Province.Over the mountain are lots of lianas.Look, the plant twining around the Caryota ochlandra is called stem of manyleaf pricklyash.The one hanging there is known as Japanese Milkwort herbThis is a wild litchi, a second-grade State protected plant.The tree standing in front of us is black Chinese olive, a giant in the olive family. It is over 400 years old.As a saying goes, “Round rattans are common while flat ones are rare.” You are so lucky to see a kind of flat rattan, tetrastigma planicaule, a wooden liana. Birds-eye View from Back Terrace in Temple QingyunsiLadies and gentlemen, we can have a birds eye view of the complete forests in Dinghushan. Look! Though the difference in altitude between the mountain top to the lowest valley is only 950 meters, the vertical distribution of such natural elements as microclimate, vegetation and soil is relatively distinct. The vegetation on the top is mainly the underbrush and bushes. Down the mountains are mixed coniferous broad leaved forests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, monsoonal evergreen broad-leaved forests, valley rainforests and riparian forests at the foot of the mountain. Therefore, this place is full of vigor throughout the year!From Temple Side Entrance to Bushan PavilionAs a proverb goes, “Monks like to live to live in famous mountains.” Monks prefer to live in quiet and secluded mountain forests, separated from human world, devoting themselves to practicing doctrines. Once a temple is built, they want to have increasing number of believers and followers come to pay tribute.Monks lay great emphasis on forest protection mainly for two reasons. Subjectively, they want to keep their temples fengshui, providing beautiful scenery for their pilgrims when they come to worship; objectively, their protection helps to preserve the primitive states of these forests. The signboard in front of the side door to Temple Qingyun was placed by the second ancestor of the temple during Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. He announced that villagers down the mountain should not cut trees with any excuses. Written on the signboard is “All the offenders will be punished”.Official in the feudal society had learned about the significance of famous mountains and historic temples to the local reputation as well. Through official intervention, they stood on the side of monks in the matter of protecting the forests near the temple.The stele close to us was set up during the period of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Inscribed on it is the arbitrament of the ownership of the forest near the temple. It declares that villagers and local landlords are not allowed to cut down trees. Violations of the arbitrament must be looked into and punished without delay.Zhaoqing Tourism Committee took history as a mirror. In 1995, they spent 25 million RMB to set up a total of 99 mere stones in Xinghu scenic area.They had Qixingyan state-owned land use permits issued. These two actions take the lead in the state-level scenic areas. The two measures have solved the fundamental problem of protecting tourist resources and ecological environment.This is an aged star fruit tree. One feature of this kind of plants is that its trunks or branches blossom and bear fruits. Other trees of this kind grow in Dinghushan. They are ficus fistulosa, saurauisa and ficus septica.We are entering valley rainforests .These two kinds of trees (ficus nervosa and litchi) have something in common. Four to six spreading side roots grow next to their stem. They seem to form a wooden wall to support firmly their massive body. This is the ecological feature of buttress-like root in tropical rainforests.Under Kiosk Bushanting and aroundThe scientific name of this tree is jequirity. Xiansidou is its popular name in China.Tree Marriage is the name given to these two trees. The origin of its nickname goes like this. The outmost layers of ceiba and longan were wounded and healed. They grew into one tree like this.This buckthorn plant is called pawpaw. Its flesh could be very tender and tasty if well steamed. Beverage made of it cab beautify countenance and slow down aging. The trees we look at closely here are Xiangsidou, tree marriage and pawpaw. They convey us a message, “Love-marriage-lifelong companionship” is woven into a trilogy of life.Please look at the big banyan which grows horizontally. We can find many parasitical plants in it. A major ecological feature of the tropical rain forest is attached plants and parasitical plants. Its pendulous clinging root stretches to other plants and holds tight its host, sucking its nutrition, and finally be seen in leaflet banyans and many woody climbers. They strangle their hosts in order to survive.Feishuitan (Flying Water Pool)There are countless streams and waterfalls in Dinghushan. The quality of the water in Feishuitan meets the national top standard. Dr. Sun Yat-sen used to swim here.Ladies and gentlemen, the woods not only purify the air and produce oxygen, but also give out fragrant terpenoid gaseous substances that are good for health. Anions are unceasingly produced by the electrostatic effect. This effect is caused by ultraviolet rays and some physical effect. The anions here are up to 105,600. From Hillside Pavilion to Parking Lot at Mountain FootIt was the heyday for ferns and dinosaurs 300 million years ago. A huge number of floras and faunas died out because of the glacier catastrophe in the fourth century. Alsophila spinulosa, a kind of fern in the family of wood plants, survived miraculously. It can grow up to seven to eight meters high and earn the name “living fossils”. The black alsophila spinulosa is the first-grade state protected plant. You can see one near the path. It was moved here on purpose for tourists.By the side of the stream at the mountain foot stand “Stream bank woods”. Arbor sector consists of mainly water wood and water grapes. Besides, duck foot woods, sterculia lanceolata cavs, and Guangdong machilus can also be found here.Tranquil hills, green woods, clean water, fresh air and charming scenery are the phrases used to describe our eco-tour in Dinghushan, I should say, if you forgot most of the tree names I mentioned today.Forests play a positive role in keeping global ecosystems, it is universally acknowledged nowadays. Local people here are really lucky to have it. So much for my presentation today. Thank you.肇庆鼎湖山森林生态游【从山脚至庆云寺停车场】【庆云寺停车场至庆云寺】【庆云寺后平台】【庆云寺侧门外至补山亭】【补山亭下】【飞水潭】【半山亭至山脚停车场】【从山脚至庆云寺停车场】现在我将带领大家进入鼎湖山这个“绿色宝库”寻幽探奇。鼎湖山、丹霞、罗浮、西樵并称为“岭南四大名山”。原因是鼎湖山上的庆云寺久负盛名，是岭南名刹，1983年被国务院列为全国汉族地区佛教、道教重点寺观之一；更重要的是它以“北回归线上的绿洲”而享誉海内外。翻开世界地图来看，在北回归线（北纬2326）附近，分布着大大小小的沙漠和草原，如横贯北非的世界第一大沙漠撒哈拉沙漠、阿拉伯半岛上的阿拉伯沙漠、印度河下游的塔尔沙漠、墨西哥西北部的马德雷沙漠。计算一下，在北回归线所经过的16个国家和地区中，属于沙漠或草原的就有12个。而在北回归线经过我国的云南、广西、广东、台湾等省区，由于受暖湿的东南季风的影响，给该地区带来了充沛的雨水，呈现出与干旱沙漠地区迥然不同的自然景观。北回归线经过我省的几处地方，至今仍保留着具有重要价值的天然林区：肇庆市鼎湖山自然保护区、肇庆封开县黑石顶林区、惠州市龙门县西部的南昆山林区、惠州东南部古田沉水林区。而位于北纬2308的鼎湖山又是其中的佼佼者，比较完整地保留着亚热带季风常绿阔叶林的原始面貌。鼎湖山俨然是个天然的大宝库：有野生高等植物1843种，其中有国家重点保护的珍稀植物23种；有国家重点保护的珍稀动物15种；还是广东省“省鸟”白鹇的主要栖息地哩！面积仅仅11.33平方公里的鼎湖山，竟能孕育出如此丰富的物种；海拔高度甚低（主峰鸡笼山海拔1000.3米）且挨近尘寰，竟能保持着如此良好的生态！所以，1956年被国务院列为第一个国家级的自然保护区。1978年被列入中国科学院森林生态系统定位站。1979年被联合国教科文组织列入“人与生物圈”计划的定位研究站。1982年，国务院又将星湖（含七星岩、鼎湖山）列为全国第一批44个国家级重点风景名胜区之一。整个鼎湖分为天溪、云溪和天湖三大景区。我们今天的游览主要在天溪、天湖景区，至于云溪景区，为了给后世留下一些可供享用的资源和环境，暂且不开发。【庆云寺停车场至庆云寺】游客们，一下车，大家都感受到那沁人的清凉了吧，这里的年平均气温21，日平均气温往往比邻近地区低2-4。在炎炎盛夏，更比肇庆市区低出5-7，的确是天然的“避暑山庄”。在鼎湖的自然保护区中，珍稀物种、古树名木都挂上了说明牌。大家过来看看这棵大树，它叫格木，是国家二级保护植物。这是一片锥栗和荷木的群落，荷木与锥栗还是常绿阔叶林的先锋物种，它的生存能力和繁殖能力特强，在它们的带动庇护下，其他植物会随着孳生蔓延得漫山遍野。这一棵是广东省的杖枝省藤。这山上的藤本植物可多了，看，这缠绕在鱼尾葵上的是蜈蚣藤，那悬挂着的是瓜子金腾.这是一棵野生的荔枝树，属国家二类保护植物。我们面前这棵就是橄榄家庭中的巨人乌榄，它已超过400岁了。所谓“圆藤常见，扁藤罕有”。现在各位有幸一睹的就是眼前这种扁藤扁担藤，它是木质的大藤本植物。【庆云寺后平台】各位游客，（遥指东北诸峰）从这里我们几乎可以看到鼎湖整个山林的相貌。瞧，山顶与最低谷地的高差不大，只有950米，但小气候、植被、土壤等自然要素的垂直分布却比较明显。山顶植被以草丛灌木为主，往下依次为针阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、季风常绿阔叶林、沟谷雨林和山脚