动词不定式的被动语态.doc

动词不定式的被动语态一、复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done 以 the book , publish 为例：一般现在/过去时： The book_.一般/过去将来时: The book _. The book _.现在/过去进行时：The book _.现在/过去完成时:The book _.情态动词： The book _.二： 动词不定式的被动语态1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1） 一般式 （not/never ）to be done 2）完成式 (not/ never)to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1） 做主语（常用it做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. (或者：_)被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。_2） 做表语The party is to be held next Saturday evening.明年，这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。_3） 做宾语She didnt like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。_4）做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。_5）做定语 What a victory to be envied by those women! 英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。 _ 6）做状语All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。_ 3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时 He has nothing to eat. (分析： eat (动nothing宾 / he 主eat 谓) I will give you a book to read .(分析： _ 动_宾/ _主_谓) 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。_ 注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter) I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter)Ill go to New York. Have you anything _(take) to your wife there?Do you have any clothes _(wash), sir?” asked the maidI cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash)2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do” 中， 主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。 This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动)-this question （宾） 注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。John is difficult to deal with. （分析：_(动)-_(宾)）这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。_ 这题目很难算出来。_3. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。_ 练 习一、填空. (请用to do , to be doing, to have done, to be done, to have been done )1. It will take several weeks for your computer to _(repair)2. I knew him _(catch) by the police.3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at once.4. This makes it possible for them _(make) metals into any required shapes5. Dick sped on the motorway only _(fine)6. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed _(steal) it.7. The book is said to _(translate) into several languages.8. I feel greatly honored _(welcome) into their society .9. Come on! It is an easy sentence _(translate).10. When I came in, he pretended to _.(read)11. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _(receive) in time for Christmas.12. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive) after drinking.13. Hearing the good news, he was too excited _(speak).14. It happened _(rain) when I got there.15. I am terribly sorry _(lose) your key.16. I am sorry _(say )that he is going from bad to worse.17. He asked_(send) to the place where he was most needed.18. What he hoped was_(admit) into the university19. He got to the station only _(find) all the tickets had been sold out.20. I am sorry _(keep) you waiting so long.21. On their return the father asked his son _(explain) what he had learnt.22. .My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.23. 3.I dont know whether you happen _(hear), but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September. 24. 4. The flu is believed _(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 25. He seems _（punish) by his teacher yesterday.26. _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her.27. He was too frightened _ (say) anything.28. The school ordered all the classroom_( clean ).29. My grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry) about. 30. I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter _(post)?3