动、名词变化规则及练习.doc

一、动词第三人称单数变化规则1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如：stopstops s ; makemakes s2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz 如：flyflies z； carrycarries z3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为iz 如：teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z 如：gogoes z 二、动词变现在分词的变化规则1. 直接在动词原形后面加-ing。如：read readingcook cookingtalk talking2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词把e去掉加-ing。如：write writingmake making3.以一个辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词, 要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing。如：run runningcut cutting swim swimming 三、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规则动词的变化：动 词 特 征变 化例 词一般动词词尾加-edlook- looked, looked以e结尾词尾加-dlive- lived, lived以“辅音字母+Y”结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry-carried, carried以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop- stopped, stopped四、名词单复数详解(1).名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。例如：food, meat, bread, tea, water, milk, ink, orange, drink, rice, 等。 (2).可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an? 答：以元音音标开头的用an,以辅音音标开头的用a。 注意：我们看的是音标，而不是元音字母。1选择a或an或者不填(用/来表示) pen bag apple big apple banana orange orange pen hour 小时 house haus房子 umbrella 雨伞 university大学2用a/an填空：Is it Chinese book or English book? This is ring, and it is orange ring.Mary is English teacher. Tom is Chinese teacher. This is bike. Its old bike.This is telephone number. That is ID card.I lost my keys. Its set of keys. Its apple, not pear.This is peach. Thats orange. You have banana, but I have egg.Is there umbrella on the desk? There is island in the sea.There is picture on the card. I have old book. apple is a kind of fruit. There is armchair in the living room.Id like egg. Look, there is bird in the tree.Is there map on the wall? There is bench in the park.(3). 可数名词的变化规则： 一般规则：一般在词尾加s，如：books，bags，fruits。加s之后的读音规则：清清浊浊，即清辅音后读清辅音s，如books s浊辅音后读浊辅音z，如bags z 元音音标后面读z，如boys z t后读ts,d后读dz如：catsts birdsdz2以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，读iz如：busbuses izs公交车boxboxes iz 盒子3以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，读iz；以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s。如：baby babies beibiz 4以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,读vz 如：wolf wulf 狼wolves wulvz写出下列名词的复数：wife（妻子） life（生命） knife（小刀）5以o结尾的名词加es 的有：hero 英雄Nigro 黑人 tomato 西红柿potato土豆，其他的以o结尾的名词直接在词尾加s, 如：zoozoos photophotos(4)名词复数的不规则变化：manmen男人 womanwomen 女人 toothteeth 牙齿 foot feet 脚 goosegeese 鹅mouse mice 老鼠 child children 孩子(5)单复同形的名词有：Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人sheep绵羊deer 鹿 ish 鱼注意：fish当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es.如：all kinds of fishes .各种各样的鱼当鱼肉讲时，不可数。(6)名词修饰名词时的复数情况:a man teacher 一个男老师 two men teachers 两个男老师a woman teacher 一个女老师 two women teachers 两个女老师只有当man和woman修饰名词时，前后两个名词都变复数。其他的名词修饰名词，只把最后的名词变为复数。如：a girl student 一个女学生 two girl students 两个女学生(7)不可数名词的用法：1不可数名词前面不能用a，an来修饰，但可以与the连用，表示特指。2不可数名词不能和具体的数词(one，two，three，等)连用。3不可数名词不能用指示代词this，that，these，those来修饰，但可以用some，much来修饰。例如：some orange一些橘汁 much water许多水常用的不可数名词有三类，液体：water (水) coffee(咖啡) juice(果汁) 等,例如：a cup of water 一杯水 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁肉类meat 肉，beef 牛肉，pork猪肉，mutton羊肉等。注意：肉类中chicken 为鸡肉时不可数，为小鸡时可数固定用法:bread 面包；rice 大米，米饭；grass草；glass,当”玻璃”讲不可数: hair 头发当满头白发中的几根黑发时，或满头黑发中的几根白发时可数。weather天气; fun 有趣的事或人;advice建议; information信息4不可数名词“量”的表示方法： 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量” 的概念，可以用以下两种方法：用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。例如：There is some milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。Is there any water in the glass? 杯子里有水吗？ 用a piece(bottle, glass) of 这类定语表示。例如：a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of bread 一片面包 a bottle of orange一瓶橘汁 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶练习题:一、单选。1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German D.Japanese, Germans4. Thata art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers11. In Britain _are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box12.Tom is strong and he _ to school every day. A.walked B.walks C.will walk D.has walked13.Sometimes she _ to me on Sundays. A.call B.is calling C.calls D.will call14.Jenny is a nurse and _ in Town Hospital. A.works B.work C.worked D.had worked15.My mother usually _ up at 5:30 in the morning. A.get B.got C.will get D.gets16.The twin sisters _ football. A.dont like B.doesnt like C.not like D.arent like17.-where _ you come from? -I _ from China. A.are; am B.do; am C.are; do D.do; do18.I _ all your names. A.do know B.dont know C.doesnt D.knows19.He often _ dinner at his grandparents home. A.eat B.have C.has D.cook20.-_ Sandy and her sister like walking together? -yes,_ do.A.Do; they B.Does; they C.Can; they D. Do;we二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing) in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook ) some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance ) in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have) supper now 10._Helen_(wash ) clothes? Yes ,she is.11. Mike _ (stay) at home on Sundays. 12. My sister_ (not like) eggs at all.13. Wang Fang often _ (do) her homework in the evening. 14. Li Lei often _ (play) computer games.15. My brother _ (watch) TV every evening. 16. _ (be) you from the USA? Yes,I _17. _ you _(get) to school at 7:30 every day? 18.What _ your uncle _(teach) in your school?19. _ your mother_ (cook) for you every day? 20._ (be) your sister a nurse? No, she_.21、Someone _（cry)， lets go and see who it is 22、Look! They _(shop) over there.23、Tom _(have) a big family. 24、Can you _ (send) the postcard for me?25、They often _ (do) their homework on Saturday afternoon.三写出下列动词的第三人称形式和ing形式。1give_ _ 2. stop _ _3. move_ _4. carry _ _ 5. draw_ _6. tell_ _7. see _ _ 8.wear_ _9. watch_ _10. forget _ _四用动词的适当形式填空。1. We often_(play) in the playground. 2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What (do) _he usually (do)_ after school? 5. Danny _(study) English, Chinese, math, science and art at school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day? 9. How many lessons _your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time _his mother_(do) the housework? 11. I_(talk).You_(listen)tO me now.12. Look,the boy_(run)fast. 13. -What are you doing? -I_(do) my homework.14. -_the students_(read) English. -Yes,they are. 15. Tom_(not study)English.He is studying Chinese.16. -Who_(sing)a song? -Li Ying is. 17. The girl_(not eat)bananas now.18. -Where_they_(stand)? -They are standing over there. 19. Look！ The boy over there_(play) a model plane.20. -What is Meimei doing now? -She_(watch)TV with her parents21.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.22.Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I _ (get ) up late.23.Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.24.There _ (be) no one here a moment ago. 25.I _ (call) Mike this morning.26.I listened but _ (hear) nothing. 27.Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.28.Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm. 29.My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.30.She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.31._ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year? 32. What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday?We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.33.What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now? 34.Last year the teacher _(tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.35.There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be) 36.There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)37.There _ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not)38.There _ enough milk at home last week, wasnt there? 39.Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move)40. When _ you _ (come) to China? - Last year.41.Did she _ (have) supper at home? 42.Jack _ (not clean) the room just now.五、按要求变换句型。1. Father bought me a new bike. （同义句） Father bought _ _ _ _ me.2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）_ Frank _ an interesting book about history?3. Hes cleaning his rooms. （划线提问） _ he _?4. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句） _ _ _ out for a walk?5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book.6. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问） _ _ _ family _ last week?7. I didnt have any friends. （一般疑问句） _ _ have _ friends?8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句） _9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning.10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问）_ _ he _ _?六.单项选择题。( ) 1. _Alice often play the piano. No, she _.A. Do; do B. Does; does C. Does; doesnt D. Do; does( )2. _ your pen friend _ in Beijing? A. Do; live B. Do; lives C. Does; live D. Does; lives( )3. -When _ he get home on Friday? -He gets home at four on Friday. A. do B. does C. did D. dosnt( )4. I like _ very much. What about you? A. dance B. danced C. dancing D. is dancing( )5. Summer _ spring. A. comes after B. comes in C.comes before D.comes for( )6. Fangfang is a good student. She _math. A. does good at B. well do it C. does well in D. do well in( )7. The kite _ a bird. A. look like B. is looking C. looks like D. looks at( )8. Bill and I _ good friends. A. is B. are C. am D. be( )9. Sandy often _ his homework on Sundays . A. do B. does C. did D. dont( )10. What do you usually do on the weekend? I usually_. A. went swimming B. go swimming C. going swimming D.is swimming( )11. The Greens_supper now. A:is having B:are having C:is haveing D:are haveing( )12. The children are_TV. A:watch B:seeing C:watching D:reading( )13. Are the boys looking at the blackboard? Yes,they_. A:arent B:do C:dont D:are( )14. -Do you have a red pen?Which of the following is wrong? -_.A:Yes; I have one B:Yes,I have it C:Yes,I do D:Sorry,I dont( )15.-Excuse me.May I borrow a pen,please-_. A:It doesnt matter; B:Thank you; C:Certainly,here you are; D:Not at all.( )16. The boy is late for class.So he says to the tea