Linux Tomcat 6.0安装配置实践总结.docx

系统环境：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga) 64位Tomcat下载从官方网站/下载你需要的Tomcat版本，目前Tomcat主要版本有Tomcat 6.0、Tomcat 7.0、Tomcat 8.0三个版本，下面我们以6.0(6.0.39)版本为例， 下载URL地址：/download-60.cgi，如果你需要下载Tomcat 6.0下的其它版本，点击链接地址“Archives“/dist/tomcat/tomcat-6/即可查看到你需要的版本。Tomcat安装Step 1：安装配置JDK 关于JDK的安装配置细节可以参考我以前的博客lRedhat Linux安装JDK 1.7，JDK最好选择合适的版本，这里我为了方便省事，就安装了JDK1.7. 1: rootDB-Server tmp# chmod +x jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm 2: 3: rootDB-Server tmp# rpm -ivh jdk-7u25-linux-x64.rpm 4: Preparing. # 100% 5: 1:jdk # 100% 6: Unpacking JAR files. 7: rt.jar. 8: jsse.jar. 9: charsets.jar. 10: tools.jar. 11: localedata.jar. 12: rootDB-Server tmp# cd /usr/java/配置环境变量，在etc/profile文件下添加export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25export CLASSPATH=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/libexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH 1: rootDB-Server jdk1.7.0_25# vi /etc/profile 2: rootDB-Server jdk1.7.0_25# source /etc/profile -生效修改配置信息 3: 4: rootDB-Server jdk1.7.0_25# echo $JAVA_HOME 5: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 6: rootDB-Server jdk1.7.0_25# echo $CLASSPATH 7: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25/lib 8: rootDB-Server jdk1.7.0_25# java -version 9: java version 1.7.0_25 10: Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_25-b15) 11: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.25-b01, mixed mode) 12: rootDB-Server jdk1.7.0_25# Step 2：安装Tomcat 1: rootDB-Server tmp#tar zxvf apach-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz 2: 3: rootDB-Server tmp#mkdir /usr/local/tomcat 4: 5: rootDB-Server tmp# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.39 /usr/local/ tomcat 6: 7: 8: rootDB-Server tomcat# vi /etc/profile 9: 10: export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat 11: 12: 13: rootDB-Server tomcat# source /etc/profile 14: rootDB-Server tomcat# echo $TOMCAT_HOME 15: /usr/local/tomcat 16: 17: 18: rootDB-Server bin# pwd 19: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin 20: rootDB-Server bin# ./startup.sh 21: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 22: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 23: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp 24: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 25: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar如果需要指定Tomcat在某个账号下运行或管理，则可以通过下面脚本：例如，我要创建一个tomcat的账号 1: rootDB-Server # groupadd tomcat 2: 3: rootDB-Server # useradd -g tomcat -d /home/tomcat -u 502 tomcat 4: 5: Creating mailbox file: File exists 6: 7: rootDB-Server tomcat# chown -Rf tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/ 8: 9: rootDB-Server tomcat#passwd tomcat 10: 11: Changing password for user tomcat. 12: 13: New UNIX password: 14: 15: Retype new UNIX password: 16: 17: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.在浏览器里面输入http:/localhost:8080/ （默认端口为8080,可以修改该端口号） 验证Tomcat是否安装成功，如果安装成功，则会看到Tomcat的index.jsp并证明Tomcat启动成功了Tomcat配置关于Tomcat的目录结构，可以参考下面简单的描述，rootDB-Server apache-tomcat-6.0.39# lsbin lib logs RELEASE-NOTES temp workconf LICENSE NOTICE RUNNING.txt webapps 主目录下面有bin、lib等目录 bin 存放Tomcat启动、停止服务程序以及一些其他脚本程序 lib 存放Tomcat运行需要的jar包 log 存放Tomcat运行的相关日志文件 conf 存放Tomcat配置文件。例如server.xml 、 web.xml等 temp 存放Tomcat运行的临时文件。 webapps Web应用的发布目录，默认情况下把Web应用文件放于此目录。 work Tomcat的工作目录，默认情况下把编译JSP文件生成的servlet类文件放于此目录下1：启动Tomcat服务 1: rootDB-Server bin# ./startup.sh 2: 3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 4: 5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 6: 7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp 8: 9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 10: 11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar2：关闭Tomcat服务 1: rootDB-Server bin# ./shutdown.sh 2: 3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 4: 5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 6: 7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp 8: 9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 10: 11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar 12: 13: rootDB-Server bin#3：查看Tomcat版本 有时候，如果当你接手去管理Tomcat, 可能你要了解一下Tomcat的版本信息，以及配置，那么怎么查看呢，去Tomcat的主目录下的bin目录下，执行version.sh,你就能查看到很多详细信息。 1: rootDB-Server bin# ./version.sh 2: 3: Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 4: 5: Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39 6: 7: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/temp 8: 9: Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_25 10: 11: Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jar 12: 13: Server version: Apache Tomcat/6.0.39 14: 15: Server built: Jan 27 2014 10:40:33 16: 17: Server number: 18: 19: OS Name: Linux 20: 21: OS Version: 2.6.18-274.el5 22: 23: Architecture: amd64 24: 25: JVM Version: 1.7.0_25-b15 26: 27: JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation 28: 4：设置管理密码 如果你要进入Tomcat的管理页面：http:/localhost:8080/manager/html ，这时会弹出下面认证界面，需要你输入用户名和密码，如果你没有配置过或者你忘了用户名、密码，那么应该找那个配置文件呢？其实你都可以通过配置文件tomcat-users.xml 来解决 1: rootDB-Server conf# more tomcat-users.xml 2: 3: xml version=1.0 encoding=utf-8? 4: 5: - 6: 7: Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 8: 9: contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with 10: 11: this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 12: 13: The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 14: 15: (the License); you may not use this file except in compliance with 16: 17: the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 18: 19: /licenses/LICENSE-2.0 20: 21: Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 22: 23: distributed under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, 24: 25: WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 26: 27: See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 28: 29: limitations under the License. 30: 31: 32: 33: omcat-users 34: 35: - 36: 37: NOTE: By default, no user is included in the manager-gui role required 38: 39: to operate the /manager/html web application. If you wish to use this app, 40: 41: you must define such a user - the username and password are arbitrary. 42: 43: 44: 45: - 46: 47: NOTE: The sample user and role entries below are wrapped in a comment 48: 49: and thus are ignored when reading this file. Do not forget to remove 50: 51: that surrounds them. 52: 53: 54: 55: - 56: 57: 58: 59: 60: 61: 62: 63: 64: 65: 66: 67: 68: 69: tomcat-users 70: 修改配置文件前，要养成首先备份一份配置文件的习惯，以防需要回滚到最初设置时，忘了自己修改过哪些配置。一般建议源文件+日期+bakrootDB-Server conf# cp tomcat-users.xml tomcat-users.xml.20130308.bakrootDB-Server conf# vi tomcat-users.xml修改了配置信息后，一般需要重新启动一下Tomcat才能生效，否则依然进入不了管理界面Tomcat 7 下与Tomcat 6 稍有不同，如下所示：5：修改Tomcat的默认端口 有时候由于特性情况，需要修改Tomcat的默认端口8080，例如端口号被其它应用程序占用了等，这时你需要修改server.xml，在里面找到如下图所示地方，修改为port的值。注意：修改后需要重启Tomcat服务。 6：修改Tomcat使用的JDK 首先我们先安装JDK1.6，如下所示 1: rootDB-Server tmp# chmod +x jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin 2: rootDB-Server tmp# ./jdk-6u31-linux-x64-rpm.bin 3: Unpacking. 4: Checksumming. 5: Extracting. 6: UnZipSFX 5.50 of 17 February 2002, by Info-ZIP (Zip-B). 7: inflating: jdk-6u31-linux-amd64.rpm 8: inflating: sun-javadb-common-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 9: inflating: sun-javadb-core-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 10: inflating: sun-javadb-client-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 11: inflating: sun-javadb-demo-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 12: inflating: sun-javadb-docs-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 13: inflating: sun-javadb-javadoc-10.6.2-1.1.i386.rpm 14: Preparing. # 100% 15: 1:jdk # 100% 16: Unpacking JAR files. 17: rt.jar. 18: jsse.jar. 19: charsets.jar. 20: tools.jar. 21: localedata.jar. 22: plugin.jar. 23: javaws.jar. 24: deploy.jar. 25: Installing JavaDB 26: Preparing. # 100% 27: 1:sun-javadb-common # 17% 28: 2:sun-javadb-core # 33% 29: 3:sun-javadb-client # 50% 30: 4:sun-javadb-demo # 67% 31: 5:sun-javadb-docs # 83% 32: 6:sun-javadb-javadoc # 100% 33: Java(TM) SE Development Kit 6 successfully installed. 34: Product Registration is FREE and includes many benefits: 35: * Notification of new versions, patches, and updates 36: * Special offers on Oracle products, services and training 37: * Access to early releases and documentation 38: Product and system data will be collected. If your configuration 39: supports a browser, the JDK Product Registration form will 40: be presented. If you do not register, none of this information 41: will be saved. You may also register your JDK later by 42: opening the register.html file (located in the JDK installation 43: directory) in a browser. 44: For more information on what data Registration collects and 45: how it is managed and used, see: 46: /javase/registration/JDKRegistrationPrivacy.html 47: Press Enter to continue. 48: 49: Done.修改catalina.sh，增加export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31即可。如下所示，似乎不用重启，Tomcat使用的JDK就改为了jdk1.6rootDB-Server bin# ./shutdown.shUsing CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/tempUsing JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jarrootDB-Server bin# ./startup.shUsing CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/tempUsing JRE_HOME: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/apache-tomcat-6.0.39/bin/bootstrap.jarrootDB-Server bin#另外，似乎网上也有文章介绍，在文件setclasspath.sh下加入export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31 设置即可，那种比较合理，目前不得而知。 7：Tomcat端口被占用分析 有时候明明Tomcat配置OK，Tomcat服务启动正常，但是打开页面的时候出错。这时可能是Tomat端口被占用了，你可以查看一下那些程序占用了Tomcat的端口rootDB-Server bin# netstat -an | grep 8080rootDB-Server bin# netstat -apn | grep 8080一般你也会在catalina.out日志里面找到”SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint .BindException: Permission denied:8080“之类的错误。 1: rootDB-Server logs$ more catalina.out 2: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:14 PM org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init 3: INFO: The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the ja 4: va.library.path: /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/./lib/amd 5: 64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib 6: Mar 4, 2014 4:22:15 PM org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init 7: SEVERE: Error initializing endpoint 8: .BindException: Permission denied:8080 9: at .JIoEndpoint.init(JIoEndpoint.java:502) 10: at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol.init(Http11P