中考英语阅读理解分类解读

中考英语阅读理解分类解读中考英语阅读理解分类解读 清华大学清华大学 英语系测试 为英语系测试 为中小学生英语中小学生英语量身定做量身定做 官方网站 官方网站 清华大学清华大学英语教授英语教授研究组提供研究组提供 中考英中考英语阅读语阅读理解分理解分类类解解读读 兼兼选编选编 20082008 年各地中考英年各地中考英语阅读语阅读理解理解试题试题 山山东东 张贵张贵福福 文章来源 文章来源 20082008 年下半年度年下半年度 试题试题与研究与研究 一 人物故事一 人物故事类类 命命题趋势题趋势 人物故事以人物故事以记记述人物生平故事述人物生平故事为为主 体裁一般是主 体裁一般是记记叙文 包叙文 包 含含记记叙文的叙文的时间时间 地点 人物 事件等要素 写作手法多采用 地点 人物 事件等要素 写作手法多采用时时 间间 空 空间间或或逻辑线逻辑线索索贯贯穿文章始穿文章始终终 命 命题题以以细节为细节为主 推理主 推理为为 辅辅 近年来 人物 近年来 人物传记类阅读传记类阅读文章在高中文章在高中阅读阅读理解理解题题中有所减中有所减 少 少 应试对应试对策策 人物故事人物故事类类文章多文章多为记为记叙文 叙文 为为了支撑所要描述的人物 短了支撑所要描述的人物 短 语语往往会出往往会出现现大量大量细节细节 这这些些细节细节有有时时很直接 理解字面意思很直接 理解字面意思 即可 有即可 有时则时则很很间间接 需要接 需要综综合 合 归纳归纳 推理才能判断 准确理 推理才能判断 准确理 解解细节细节是做好是做好这类题这类题的关的关键键 那么 怎 那么 怎样样准确理解准确理解细节细节呢 呢 首先 从首先 从问题问题中找到关中找到关键词键词 然后以此 然后以此为线为线索 运用略索 运用略读读和和 查阅查阅的技巧在文中迅速找的技巧在文中迅速找细节细节 找到后再把 找到后再把这这一部分内容仔一部分内容仔细细 阅读阅读 认认真比真比较选项较选项和文中和文中细节细节的区的区别别 最后 在正确理解 最后 在正确理解细细 节节的前提下 确定最佳答案 的前提下 确定最佳答案 典型考典型考题题 1 1 WhenWhen wewe askedasked studentsstudents whatwhat theythey wantwant toto be be theythey oftenoften talktalk aboutabout unusualunusual jobs jobs thingsthings likelike teachersteachers andand doctors doctors ButBut if if youyou thinkthink aboutabout it it manymany peoplepeople don tdon t planplan toto dodo theirtheir jobs jobs TheyThey justjust startstart doingdoing themthem byby accident accident WeWe havehave talkedtalked toto twotwo peoplepeople withwith unusualunusual jobs jobs EmilyEmily is is a a dentistdentist butbut sheshe doesn tdoesn t workwork withwith people people SheShe worksworks withwith horses horses AfterAfter universityuniversity sheshe tooktook carecare ofof animal sanimal s healthhealth forfor severalseveral years years butbut sheshe noticesnotices thatthat therethere werewere fewfew peoplepeople whowho couldcould helphelp horses horses teeth teeth SheShe deicidedeicide toto gogo toto collegecollege andand studystudy again again ThenThen sheshe hadhad toto buybuy specialspecial tools tools butbut sheshe is is nevernever outout ofof work work She dShe d alwaysalways veryvery busybusy takingtaking carecare ofof horses horses teeth teeth I I couldn tcouldn t bebe a a dentistdentist forfor peoplepeople now now EmilyEmily said said because because I I reallyreally enjoyenjoy workingworking withwith horses horses AsAs soonsoon asas DavidDavid couldcould read read hehe readread booksbooks aboutabout robots robots butbut thethe robotsrobots hehe buildbuild todaytoday don tdon t looklook likelike thethe strangestrange robotrobot peoplepeople in in hishis books books HeHe buildbuild robotsrobots forfor industry industry EarlyEarly oneone hehe mademade upup hishis mindmind toto studystudy math math sciencescience andand computerscomputers soso thatthat hehe couldcould breakbreak intointo thethe worldworld ofof robotrobot engineering engineering Some Some ofof thethe mathmath is is veryvery difficult difficult saysay David David but but youyou mustmust studystudy mathmath toto bebe anan engineer engineer FortunatelyFortunately hehe gotgot toptop marksmarks in in allall hishis mathmath exams exams 1 1 EmilyEmily doesn tdoesn t wantwant toto bebe a a dentistdentist becausebecause A A thethe paypay is is lowlowB B sheshe hashas toto buybuy specialspecial toolstools C C sheshe willwill bebe outout ofof workworkD D sheshe likeslikes workingworking withwith horseshorses 2 2 ToTo becomebecome a a robotrobot engineer engineer DavidDavid A A needneed toto worryworryB B boughtbought a a lotlot ofof robotsrobots C C hadhad toto studystudy hardhardD D didn tdidn t havehave toto gogo toto collegecollege 3 3 DavidDavid gotgot toptop marksmarks in in allall hishis mathmath exams exams althoughalthough A A mathmath waswas notnot easyeasy toto studystudy B B hehe hashas toto studystudy mathmath toto bebe anan engineerengineer C C hehe couldcould breakbreak intointo thethe worldworld ofof robotrobot engineeringengineering D D hehe mademade upup hishis mindmind toto studystudy math math sciencescience andand computerscomputers 20082008 年天津市初中年天津市初中毕业毕业生学生学业业考考试试试试卷 卷 2 2 OneOne dayday whenwhen JackJack waswas walkingwalking in in thethe park park hehe sawsaw a a woman woman whowho livedlived a a fewfew milesmiles away away sittingsitting onon a a benchbench withwith a a dogdog besidebeside her her TheThe dogdog waswas lookinglooking upup atat thethe woman woman JackJack walkedwalked upup toto thethe womanwoman andand said said Hello Hello Sue Sue howhow areare you you MayMay I I sitsit andand talktalk withwith youyou forfor a a while while Of Of course course pleaseplease sitsit down down SueSue said said JackJack satsat downdown nextnext toto SueSue onon thethe bench bench andand theythey talkedtalked quietlyquietly together together TheThe dogdog continuedcontinued toto looklook upup atat Sue Sue asas if if waitingwaiting toto bebe fed fed That s That s a a nicenice dog dog isn tisn t he he JackJack said said pointingpointing atat thethe animal animal Yes Yes hehe is is He sHe s handsome handsome He sHe s a a bitbit ofof a a mixture mixture butbut that sthat s notnot a a badbad thing thing He sHe s strongstrong andand healthy healthy And And hungry hungry Jack Jack said said HeHe hasn thasn t takentaken hishis eyeseyes offoff you you HeHe thinksthinks you veyou ve gotgot somesome foodfood forfor him him That s That s true true Sue Sue said said ButBut I I haven t haven t TheyThey bothboth laughedlaughed andand thenthen JackJack said said Does Does youryour dogdog bite bite No No Sue Sue said said He s He s nevernever bittenbitten anyone anyone He sHe s alwaysalways gentlegentle andand friendly friendly HearingHearing this this JackJack decideddecided toto holdhold outout hishis handhand andand touchedtouched thethe animal sanimal s head head SuddenlySuddenly it it jumpedjumped upup andand bitbit him him Hey Hey JackJack shouted shouted YouYou saidsaid youryour dogdog didn tdidn t bite bite SueSue repliedreplied in in surprise surprise Yeah Yeah I I did did ButBut thisthis is is notnot mymy dog dog MyMy dog sdog s atat home home 4 The4 The dogdog lookedlooked atat thethe womanwoman becausebecause A A thethe womanwoman wantedwanted toto feedfeed himhim B B thethe womanwoman waswas friendlyfriendly C C hehe waswas strongstrong andand healthyhealthy D D hehe waswas hungryhungry 5 Jack5 Jack andand SueSue werewere A A friendsfriends B B next doornext door neighborsneighbors C C strangersstrangers D D in in thethe samesame familyfamily 6 6 JackJack touchedtouched thethe dogdog becausebecause hehe believedbelieved A A thethe dogdog waswas handsomehandsome B B Sue sSue s dogdog waswas unfriendlyunfriendly C C thethe dogdog belongedbelonged toto SueSue D D Sue sSue s dogdog waswas atat homehome 7 We7 We cancan inferinfer formform thethe passagepassage thatthat A A SueSue gavegave a a wrongwrong answeranswer B B JackJack mademade a a mistakemistake C C thethe dogdog wasn twasn t dangerousdangerous D D bothboth JackJack andand SueSue likedliked thethe dogdog 8 8 WhichWhich ofof thethe FollowingFollowing cancan bebe thethe bestbest titletitle ofof thethe passage passage A A A A WrongWrong QuestionQuestion B B Sue sSue s DogDog C C A A pleasantpleasant MeetingMeeting D D Sue sSue s FriendFriend 20082008 年武年武汉汉市初中市初中毕业毕业生学生学业业考考试试 参考答案 参考答案 1 51 5 DCADCA DADA 6 86 8 CBACBA 二 社会文化二 社会文化类类 命命题趋势题趋势 语语言是社会文化的重要言是社会文化的重要载载体 学体 学习习英英语语的目的之一就是的目的之一就是 提提 高初步运用英高初步运用英语进语进行交行交际际的能力 增的能力 增强对强对外国文化 特外国文化 特别别是英是英 语语国家文化的了解国家文化的了解 因此 社会文化 因此 社会文化类试题类试题出出现现在高考在高考试试卷卷 中是必然的 社会文化中是必然的 社会文化类类文章的命文章的命题题有以下有以下趋势趋势 1 1 以中西文化差异作以中西文化差异作为选为选材的重点 如礼材的重点 如礼仪仪 语语言 生活言 生活习习 惯惯 世界 世界观观 价 价值观值观等等为为主主题题 题题材涉及社会 文化 教育 体材涉及社会 文化 教育 体 育等方面的内容 育等方面的内容 2 2 一般一篇文章一个主一般一篇文章一个主题题 以 以议论议论文 文 记记叙文居多 叙文居多 3 3 命命题题方面 既重主旨把握 又重特定方面 既重主旨把握 又重特定细节细节 时时有推断 有推断 应试对应试对策策 对对英英语语语语言 社会 文化的了解是一个言 社会 文化的了解是一个长长期的期的过过程 在复程 在复 习时习时要注意 要注意 1 1 重重视视英英语词汇语词汇 语语法和法和习惯习惯用法的掌握 用法的掌握 在复在复习过习过程加程加强对语强对语言基言基础础知知识识的掌握 的掌握 对对于普通中学于普通中学毕毕 业业生来生来说说 应应具具备备 20002000 35003500 的的词汇词汇量 并掌握其量 并掌握其词类词类 意思 意思 和基本用法 掌握句子和基本用法 掌握句子结结构和句子成分之构和句子成分之间间的关系 熟悉固定的关系 熟悉固定 词组词组 固定搭配等 固定搭配等约约定俗成的定俗成的语语法法项项目 目 2 2 扩扩展文化背景知展文化背景知识识 认认真研真研读历读历届高考届高考题题 从近五年的高考从近五年的高考题题看 看 阅读阅读内容的社会内容的社会实实用性越来越用性越来越强强 更 更 重重视语视语言和文化的关系 言和文化的关系 阅读阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知 识识 因此 要通 因此 要通过阅读过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知更多地涉及社会文化背景知识识 要通 要通过过 阅读阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知更多地了解并丰富自己的知识识 同同时时 要 要认认真研真研读读近五年的高考篇目 增加近五年的高考篇目 增加语语言言经验经验 适 适应应 选选材特点 熟悉材特点 熟悉题题材和体裁 了解材和体裁 了解设问设问形式 感悟形式 感悟设问设问特点 特点 3 3 广泛涉广泛涉猎猎 丰富消遣 丰富消遣阅读阅读 典型考典型考题题 1 1 第一第一节节 阅读阅读短文 根据其内容 短文 根据其内容 选择选择最佳最佳选项选项完成下列各完成下列各 题题 1010 分 分 BeijingBeijing OperaOpera is is alsoalso calledcalled PekingPeking Opera Opera It It camecame intointo beingbeing afterafter 17901790 whenwhen thethe famousfamous fourfour AnhuiAnhui operaopera troupes troupes 戏戏班班 camecame toto Beijing Beijing ItsIts musicmusic andand singing singing 唱腔唱腔 comecome fromfrom XipiXipi andand ErhuangErhuang in in AnhuiAnhui andand Hubei Hubei ItsIts costumescostumes areare allall fascinatingfascinating andand artistic artistic It It is is thethe highesthighest expressionexpression ofof thethe ChineseChinese culture culture It sIt s fullfull ofof famousfamous stories stories beautifulbeautiful facialfacial paintings paintings andand wonderfulwonderful gesturesgestures andand fighting fighting ThisThis kindkind ofof operaopera is is veryvery popularpopular withwith ChineseChinese people people ThereThere areare fourfour mainmain rolesroles in in BeijingBeijing Opera Opera Sheng Sheng Dan Dan JingJing andand Chou Chou ShengSheng is is thethe leadingleading male male 男性男性 actor actor ForFor example example a a WushengWusheng is is a a soldiersoldier oror fighter fighter A A XiaoshengXiaosheng is is a a youngyoung man man A A LaoshengLaosheng is is anan oldold man man DanDan is is thethe female female 女性女性 role role Jing Jing mostlymostly male male is is thethe face paintedface painted rolerole andand ChouChou is is thethe comedycomedy actoractor oror clown clown StoriesStories in in BeijingBeijing OperaOpera areare veryvery interesting interesting SomeSome ofof themthem areare fromfrom thethe historyhistory book book butbut mostmost ofof themthem areare fromfrom thethe literature literature especiallyespecially famousfamous novels novels TheThe peoplepeople in in thethe storystory usuallyusually havehave somesome disagreements disagreements TheyThey becomebecome angryangry andand unhappy unhappy TheyThey areare sadsad andand lonely lonely SometimesSometimes theythey areare nervousnervous andand worried worried ThenThen theythey findfind a a wayway toto makemake peace peace TheThe storiesstories usuallyusually endend withwith happinesshappiness andand laughterlaughter andand peoplepeople areare allall happyhappy in in thethe end end 56 56 BeijingBeijing Opera sOpera s singingsinging is is fromfrom A A AnhuiAnhui andand HubeiHubei B B BeijingBeijing andand AnhuiAnhui C C thethe historyhistory bookbookD D thethe literatureliterature andand novelsnovels 57 57 TheThe secondsecond paragraph paragraph 段落段落 ofof thethe readingreading is is aboutabout thethe ofof BeijingBeijing Opera Opera A A storiesstories B B rolesroles C C gesturesgestures D D paintingspaintings 58 58 FromFrom thethe reading reading wewe knowknow thethe rolerole ChouChou mostmost probablyprobably hashas a a n n feature feature A A honesthonest B B funnyfunnyC C dulldull D D seriousserious 59 59 WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing is is thethe rolerole Sheng Sheng A A B B C C D D 60 60 WhichWhich ofof thethe followingfollowing statementsstatements is is TRUE TRUE A A PekingPeking OperaOpera is is fullfull ofof differentdifferent gestures gestures B B ThereThere areare onlyonly fourfour rolesroles in in BeijingBeijing Opera Opera C C BeijingBeijing OperaOpera is is thethe mostmost popularpopular in in thethe world world D D TheThe peoplepeople in in thethe storystory usuallyusually areare in in agreement agreement 第二第二节节 阅读阅读短文 根据其内容 短文 根据其内容 选择选择最佳最佳选项选项完成下列各完成下列各 题题 1010 分 分 OctoberOctober 1616 is is WorldWorld FoodFood Day Day ThisThis dayday is is alsoalso thethe anniversary anniversary 纪纪念日念日 ofof thethe UnitedUnited NationsNations FoodFood andand AgricultureAgriculture OrganizationOrganization FAO FAO 联联合国粮合国粮农组织农组织 More More thanthan 100100 countriescountries areare holdingholding specialspecial events events AllAll ofof thesethese aimaim toto celebratecelebrate thethe establishmentestablishment ofof thethe FAOFAO in in 1945 1945 TheThe themetheme chosenchosen forfor thisthis year syear s WorldWorld FoodFood DayDay is is Water Water Source Source 资资源源 ofof FoodFood Security Security A A UNUN reportreport sayssays thatthat overover 6 6 millionmillion peoplepeople havehave dieddied fromfrom hungerhunger andand relatedrelated diseasesdiseases soso farfar thisthis yearyear alone alone MoreMore thanthan 850850 millionmillion people people oror aboutabout oneone in in seven seven aroundaround thethe worldworld dodo notnot getget enoughenough food food andand thethe needneed forfor foodfood willwill increaseincrease asas thethe world sworld s populationpopulation grows grows TheThe UNUN alsoalso reportsreports thatthat byby yearyear 2030 2030 thethe worldworld maymay needneed 60 60 moremore food food MostMost ofof thatthat increaseincrease willwill havehave toto comecome fromfrom agricultureagriculture supportedsupported byby waterwater irrigation irrigation 灌灌溉溉 However However freshfresh waterwater is is alreadyalready in in shortshort supplysupply in in manymany countries countries JacquesJacques Diouf Diouf thethe directordirector ofof thethe FAO FAO sayssays thatthat therethere areare 2020 countriescountries thatthat dodo notnot havehave enoughenough waterwater toto produceproduce enoughenough foodfood forfor theirtheir populations populations TenTen nationsnations useuse moremore thanthan 40 40 ofof theirtheir totaltotal freshfresh waterwater forfor agriculture agriculture HeHe fearsfears thatthat thethe problemproblem willwill onlyonly becomebecome worseworse asas thethe needneed forfor waterwater byby peoplepeople andand byby industryindustry grows grows SoSo waterwater is is oneone ofof thethe mostmost importantimportant thingsthings in in thethe worldworld today today 61 61 TheThe underlined underlined 画画线线的的 wordword establishment establishment hashas thethe samesame meaningmeaning asas A A pickingpicking upup B B makingmaking upup C C cuttingcutting upup D D settingsetting upup 62 62 In In thethe world world moremore thanthan peoplepeople havehave dieddied becausebecause ofof hungerhunger thisthis year year A A 6 6 millionmillion B B 2 2 millionmillion C C 850850 millionmillionD D 100100 millionmillion 63 63 WhatWhat Mr Mr DioufDiouf sayssays showsshows thatthat hehe mostmost worriesworries about about A A thethe futurefuture ofof thethe FAOFAO B B thethe shortshort ofof waterwater C C thethe overgrowthovergrowth ofof populationpopulation D D thethe developmentdevelopment ofof thethe environmentenvironment 64 64 TheThe readingreading aboveabove implies implies 暗示暗示 thatthat A A freshfresh waterwater forfor usus is is quitequite enoughenoughB B thethe world sworld s populationpopulation is is gettinggetting smallersmaller C C wewe willwill needneed moremore waterwater toto irrigateirrigate D D industryindustry is is thethe mostmost importantimportant thingthing todaytoday 65 65 TheThe passagepassage is is mainlymainly aboutabout A A howhow toto celebratecelebrate WorldWorld FoodFood DayDay B B thethe increaseincrease ofof foodfood in in manymany countriescountries C C thethe importanceimportance ofof waterwater forfor foodfood D D thethe UNUN FoodFood andand AgricultureAgriculture OrganizationOrganization 湖北省十堰市 湖北省十堰市 20082008 年初中年初中毕业毕业生学生学业业考考试试 2 2 BargainingBargaining is is thethe rulerule herehere in in Beijing Beijing AtAt least least it it is is soso in in mostmost marketsmarkets andand back streetback street clothesclothes shops shops BargainingBargaining is is anan artart andand if if youyou areare unfamiliar unfamiliar 不熟悉不熟悉 withwith it it we dwe d likelike toto offeroffer youyou somesome advice advice TheThe tips tips 窍门窍门 herehere areare oftenoften usedused in in BeijingBeijing butbut maymay helphelp youyou atat anyany placeplace in in thethe worldworld wherewhere bargainingbargaining is is practiced practiced DODO NOTNOT saysay howhow muchmuch youyou wantwant toto paypay forfor anan item item 物品物品 unlessunless it sit s nearnear thethe endend ofof thethe bargaining bargaining AlwaysAlways trytry andand dropdrop thethe seller sseller s offeringoffering priceprice asas muchmuch asas possiblepossible beforebefore openingopening youryour mouthmouth withwith a a price price DODO throwthrow outout reallyreally lowlow pricesprices likelike 1010 RMBRMB withwith a a bigbig smile smile DODO keepkeep smilingsmiling fromfrom thethe beginningbeginning toto thethe end end TheThe sellerseller usuallyusually continuescontinues bargainingbargaining withwith a a happyhappy smilingsmiling face face GettingGetting angryangry hardlyhardly getsgets youyou thethe priceprice youyou want want KEEPKEEP in in mindmind thethe priceprice offeredoffered byby thethe sellerseller atat thethe beginningbeginning is is usuallyusually atat leastleast 40 40 overover thethe generallygenerally reasonablereasonable price price It It cancan bebe upup toto 500 500 over over DODO havehave anan ideaidea ofof whatwhat thethe itemitem costs costs YouYou cancan askask youryour friends friends peoplepeople in in thethe hotelhotel oror othersothers youyou know know oror looklook atat thethe listlist below below ThisThis is is veryvery generalgeneral andand is is based based 根据根据 onon a a marketmarket likelike XiuXiu Shui Shui YouYou maymay notnot bebe ableable toto getget thethe lowestlowest pricesprices atat XiuXiu Shui Shui especiallyespecially onon a a weekendweekend whenwhen therethere areare lotslots ofof touriststourists around around 56 56 WhoWho is is thisthis passagepassage writtenwritten for for A A OwnersOwners ofof back streetback street shops shops B B