必修三module3知识点.doc

1violence n. U猛烈；猛力；暴力(行为)The violence of the hurricane caused great damage.猛烈的飓风造成了巨大的损失。The criminal committed violence in stabbing his victim.罪犯行凶，用匕首刺伤了受害者。violent 用作形容词，表示“using, showing, accompanied by great force”，即“使用暴力的；猛烈的；激烈的”的意思。violent blows “猛烈的打击”The enemies started another violent attack.敌人又发动了一轮猛攻。Being in a violent temper, he hit his wife in the face.盛怒之下，他打了妻子一记耳光fierce; violent; wild这些形容词均含“剧烈的；凶猛的；狂暴的”之意。1)fierce普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。 The famous boxer killed a fierce wolf with his bare hands.那位著名的拳击师赤手空拳打死了一头凶猛的恶狼2)violent普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激动，暗含有暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。Students were involved in violent clashes with the police.学生与警方发生了暴力冲突。3)wild普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。They are wild with joy when “their” player or team wins.当“他们的”选手或运动队赢得胜利时，他们欣喜若狂。即学即用Many people say_is shown on TV.Atoo much violenceBmuch too violenceCtoo many violences Dquite a few violences答案：A2flood n. 洪水；水灾；涨潮；vt. & vi. 淹没；(使)泛滥；涌入Many houses were carried away by the flood.洪水冲走了很多房子。Every spring, the river floods the valley.每年春天，河水都把山谷淹没。Requests for information flooded in after the advertisement.广告登出之后，索取资料的信件像雪片般飞来高考直击(2009辽宁)When we visited my old family home, memory came_back.Aflooding Bto floodCflood Dflooded解析：考查伴随状语用法。flood“使大受感动；充满”。flooding back 做伴随状语，句意为：当我们回到老家时，往事涌上心头。答案：A即学即用These days it has been raining in South China. Most big rivers are_.Ain need Bin returnCin flood Din a bad mood答案：C3disaster n.The fire was a great disaster.那次火灾是一场大灾难。I hope we can learn some lessons from this disaster.我希望我们能从这次的灾难中得到一些教训。翻译句子数千人在这次灾难中丧生。_答案：Thousands died in the disaster.4experience1)n. U经验；体验He has much experience in teaching.他有着丰富的教学经验。He didnt get the post, due to lacking experience.因为缺乏经验，他没有得到那个职位。2)n. C经历Please tell us your experiences while in Africa.请告诉我们你在非洲的经历。Reaching the top of Mount Tai was an unforgettable experience.登上泰山极顶是一次难忘的经历。3)v. 经历；体验Have you ever experienced real hunger?你体验过真正Mr Kroll is an officer with experience, who has many odd experiences.克罗尔是个有经验的军官，他有着很多奇怪的经历。的饥饿吗？高考直击(2010福建31)Guess what ，weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.How nice! You _ a different culture then.A. will be experiencing B. have experiencedC. have been experiencingD. will have experienced解析：考查时态。由第一句可知：我们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证；再由第二句中then可知：这是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿。因此时态应为将来进行时。故选A项。B项为现在完成时，C项伟现在完成进行时，D项伟将来完成时，均不符合句意。答案：A即学即用Human beings have five senses_the world around them.Afor experiencing Bbeing experiencedCfor being experienced Dexperienced答案：A5cause1)vt. 使发生；造成；引起；导致This car caused me a lot of trouble.这辆车给我带来许多麻烦。He often causes trouble to people.他常给人们惹麻烦。His illness caused him to miss the game.他因病不能参加比赛。2)n. C原因；起因(常与of连用)Carelessness is often the cause of fires.粗心大意常常是火灾的起因。3)n. C事业；目标；思想They are fighting for the republican cause.他们在为共和国的事业而奋斗。词语辨析cause, excuse, reasoncause造成某事的直接原因，后接of短语或不定式reason从逻辑推理上得出结论的原因，后接for短语excuse用来推卸责任的借口高考直击(2010天津12) It rained heavily in the south，_ serious flooding in several provinces.A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。答案：C即学即用The flu is believed_by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.Acausing Bbeing causedCto be caused Dto have caused答案：Cfind out指通过努力，比如观察、探索、研究而发现事实的真相或发现秘密、错误等。一般用于“find out sth.; find outthat从句”等结构。He promised to find out the cause of this accident.他承诺要查明事故的原因。Have you found out who broke the window?你弄清是谁打碎了玻璃吗？注意：表示“发现；找到”的词还有find, discover，但它们在用法上有一定的区别：find侧重指发现的结果；与look for相对应；discover主要指发现客观存在的事物或发现已经存在但不为人知的事情。Have you found the book that you have been looking for?你找到你一直在找的书了吗？He searched all the room, but didnt find what he wanted.他找遍了整个房间也没找到他要的东西。It is Columbus who discovered America.是哥伦布发现了美洲。高考直击(2010江苏26) The experiment has _ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out解析：rule out“排除”；find out “查找出”； point out“指出”； carry out“执行，实施”。答案：C即学即用This picture was taken a long time ago. I wounder if you can _ my father.Afind out Bpick outClook out Dspeak out答案：B1current1)n. C水流；潮流；气流He swam to the shore against a strong current.他逆着急流游向岸边。Birds use warm air currents to help their flight.鸟类利用暖气流帮助飞行。2)n. C, U电流The current includes a direct current and an alternating current.电流分直流电和交流电。3)n. C思潮；潮流；趋向Ministers are worried by this current of antigovernment feeling.部长们被这股反政府情绪所困扰。4)adj. 现在发生的；当前的；现在的(只用在名词前)He is your current employer.他是你现在的雇主。5)adj. 通用的；流通的；流行的That word is no longer in current use.那个词已不通用。知识拓展currently adv. 现时；当前current account 活期存款账户；往来账户current affairs 时事2furniture n. U 家具furniture为不可数名词，不能说a furniture，也不能说furnitures表示“一件家具”要说a piece of furniture。注意：英语中有些名词为典型的不可数名词，任何时候都不能加不定冠词，也不能用复数。如fun, equipment, weather, news, advice, information等即学即用改错We need to buy some new furnitures._答案：furnituresfurniture3tornado n. 龙卷风hurricane n. C 飓风cyclone n. C 旋风typhoon n. C台风4latitude n纬度Beijing is at 40 degrees north latitude.北京在北纬40度。联想longitude n. U 经度知识拓展1)latitudinal adj. 纬度(方向)的2)altitude n. 海拔；高度3)attitude n. 态度5bury vt.1)土葬；海葬He was buried with his wife.他和他的妻子葬在了一起。Where is Shakespeare buried?莎士比亚葬于何处？Hes been dead and buried for years!他已经死亡并且被埋葬多年了！2)丧失She has buried five sons in the war.战争中她丧失了5个儿子。3)隐藏；掩埋；覆盖Our dog buries its bones in the garden.我们的狗把骨头埋在花园里。She buried her face in her hands and wept.她双手掩面哭了起来。4)忘记Its time to bury our differences and be friends again.该是我们摈弃分歧重归于好的时候了。He buried himself in the country to write a book.他隐居到乡下去写书。In the evenings he buries himself in his books.每天晚上他都埋头读书。Be buried in bury oneself in 埋头于 专心致志于6occur vi. to happen 发生That accident occurred yesterday.那事故是昨天发生的。Didnt it occur to you that your husband might be late?你当时没想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗？The possibility that she might be wrong never occurred to her.她压根没想到自己可能会错。I suppose it never occurred to you to phone the police!我想你压根没想到给警察打电话吧知识拓展occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起；被想到It occurs to sb. that. 某人想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事词语辨析occur, happen, take place与break out1)当事件作主语时，occur和happen同义，可互换；An idea occurred to me.一个想法出现在我的脑海里。2)在表示“在脑海中出现某种想法”时，应使用occur而不用happen；It occurred to me that I could invite her to dinner.我想起可以邀请3)在表示“碰巧做某事；偶然做某事”时，应使用happen而不用occur；At that time I happened to have no money about me.那时，我碰巧身上没带钱。她共进晚餐。4)take place作“发生”讲时，更多用于事先计划或预想到的事情，没有“偶然”之意，常可引申为“进行，举行”；Great changes have taken place in the town in the last two years.在过去的两年中，这个镇上发生了巨大的变化。(不用happen)When will the sports meeting take place?运动会将在什么时候举行？(不用happen)5)break out表示“(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等的)爆发”。A big fire broke out last night.昨晚发生了一场火灾。高考直击(2010陕西18) It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. whatC. that D. if解析：考查固定句型。It occurs/occurred to sb that .是固定句型，意思是：突然想起.，其中that引导主语从句，选C。答案：C即学即用I_along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_.Awent; was occurringBwent; occurredCwas going; occurred Dwas going; had occurred答案：C7 wave n. C波浪 v. 挥手，挥动，波动The waves crashed against the rocks.波浪冲击着岩石。She waved her hand to say goodbye.她挥手告别。She lifted her arm and waved at us.她举起手臂向我们挥8hit1)v. 击；打She hit him on the head with her umbrella.她用雨伞打他的头。注意：hit作“打；击中；碰撞”讲时，后常接身体部位的介词短语。若该部位较硬或较突出，用介词on或against；若该部位下凹则用介词in。舞起来。He hit his head on the door.他一头撞到了门上。John hit him in the face.约翰打了他的脸。注意：介词和名词之间必须用定冠词，而不用物主代词。2)v. 袭击；击中；使遭受A powerful earthquake hit the small town.这个小城镇遭受了一次强烈的地震。3)v. 到达(某地)；达到(某水平)Temperatures hit 40 yesterday.昨天气温高达40。4)v. 使突然想起I couldnt remember where Id seen him before, and then it suddenly hit me.起初我想不起以前在哪里见过他，后来猛然想起来了。词语辨析hit; beat; strike这些动词均含有“打”之意。1)hit普通用词，常与strike换用，侧重有目标地猛击，强调用力击中。He hit the ball with the bat.他用球拍击球。2)beat普通用词，含义广泛，指“连续打击”。游戏、竞赛或战争中作“打败”解。The rain was beating against/on the deck.雨打在甲板上。3)strike普通用词，多指急速或突然一次猛击。She struck the desk with her knee.她的膝盖撞上了桌子。 注意：“敲锣”要用strike( strike the gong)；“打鼓”用beat(beat a drum)击鼓；“敲门”用knock(knock at/on the door)；“钟敲几下”用strike。即学即用After he became conscious, he remembered _and_on the head with a rod.Ato attack; hitBto be attacked; to be hitCattacking; be hitDhaving been attacked; hit答案：D9strike vt./n. C(struck; struck/striken)(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；打，敲An earthquake struck the island.地震袭击了小岛。Jane struck him in anger.简一怒之下打了他。The clock struck twelve.钟敲了12下。Would you support a nuclear strike to bring an end to a war?你赞成以核攻击结束战争吗？strike常指“猛地一击”。hit侧重指“击中”，有时也指“打一下”。beat指连续地打。友情提示1)strike指“疾病；灾难” 袭击某一地区时，与hit用法相同。An earthquake struck/hit the island.一场地震袭击了岛屿。2)v. 突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到A good idea struck the scientist.那位科学家突然想起了一个好主意。It struck me that we ought to make a new plan.我突然想起我们应该制订一项新的计划。友情提示strike作“突然想到”讲，与occur同义。It occurs to sb. that.It strikes sb. that. 某人突然想起知识拓展be on strike 进行/正在罢工；go on strike 举行罢工；strike a bargain 成交，达成协议；an air strike 空袭；be struck by/on/with sb./sth. 被某人(或某物)打动或迷住Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。即学即用_ while the iron is hot.AHit BStrikeCBeat DOccur答案：B10rotate vt./vi.1)“(使)旋转”；“(使)缠绕”You can rotate the pump wheel with your hand.你可用手转动泵的轮子。The earth rotates once every 24 hours.地球每24小时旋转一圈。2)“转换”；“轮作”He rotates his men from one place to another.他把他手下的人从一个地方轮换到另一个地方。The chairmanship of the departments rotates annually.系主任的职位每年轮换一次。11column n.1)柱状物a column of air 气柱a column of smoke 烟柱2)(报刊的)专栏the fashion column 时装专栏She writes a regular column for the Times.她定期为泰晤士报写专栏。1pick up1)拾起；捡起；拿起。如：He picked up his suticase and went out.他提起他的箱子走了出去。2)偶然学会某种知识或技能。如：I picked up reading in the evening school.我是在夜校学会阅读的。3)(顺便)买；(顺便用车)来接。如：He picked up that chair at a secondhand store.那把椅子是他在一家旧货店买的。Ill pick you up at your office.我将到你的办公室来接你。4)好起来；上升；加快。如：It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气可能很快就会好起来。pick out 选拔，辨认，精心挑选；pick holes in挑毛病；pick and choose 挑三拣四。注意：pick up 短语中，up为副词，所接宾语是代词要位于pick与up之间。高考直击(2010山东27) Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up解析：本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”表示“学会”用pick up; pick up另外还有“捡起； 顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得”等义；bring up 表示“抚养，教育；提出；呕吐”；look up 表示“向上看；(形势)好转，改善；查阅”；set up表示“建立，设置；造成，产生”。答案：C即学即用He _some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.Amade outBpicked upCgave up Dtook in答案：BKathy _a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.Apicked up Btook upCmade up Dturned up答案：A2take off1)脱掉(衣帽等)Take off your wet shoes.把你的湿鞋脱掉。He took off his glasses and looked up.他取下眼镜，抬头看了看。Take off your clothes; theyre very wet.脱掉你的衣服，它们湿透了。2)起飞The plane took off at 7 am.飞机是早上七点起飞的。The nursery teacher often guides her children to watch aircrafts take off or land.幼儿园教师经常带领孩子们去看飞机起飞或降落。3)打折；减掉He agreed to take $5 off the price.他同意减价五美元。 知识拓展take (a day) off 休(一天)假；不工作take after 学的榜样；仿效take away 拿走；夺走；拆去take back 收回(前言)；承认说错了话；取消(诺言)take down 拿下；取下；记(录)下来take in 收进；接受；装入；收容；接待take on 具有；呈现；担任(工作)；承担(责任)；雇佣take out 取出；拔出；除掉(污迹等)；擦去take over 接收/管/任take up 举/拿/捡/拔起；占(地方)；费(时间)；占据；接纳(乘客)；(船)承装(货物)take apart 拆开(机器等)take. as. 把理解为take for 认为；以为；误以为o account 把考虑进去take effect 生效take turns 轮流即学即用完成句子When _ your plane _ _？你的飞机什么时候起飞？答案：is, taking off3or so大约；或许；左右(about; or more)There were twenty or so.大约有二十个。We stayed for an hour or so.我们停留了一小时左右。即学即用My parents will move back into town in a year or_.Alater BafterCso Dabout答案：C解析：本题题意：我父母将在一年左右的时间里搬迁回市区居住。“时间or soabout时间。”4on average 平均The boys are 16 years old on average.这些男孩子平均年龄16岁。知识拓展above the average 在一般水平以上；中上；在平均数以上below the average 在一般水平以下；中下；在平均数以下on average/on the average/on an average平均；按平均数计算；一般地说高考直击(2010江西35 )Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dquantity解析：考察名词。 a number of 许多； amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额， a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数， 但没有平均每年增加的意思。答案：A5end up 结果为，以结束We were to go out, but ended up watching TV.我们原计划外出，但结果却在家看电视。He ended up as the head of the company.他最后成为这家公司的老板。He ended up his letter with a poem.他用一首诗结束了那封信。知识拓展end up with 以告终The meeting ended up with a new song.会议最后以高歌一首新曲而结束。The movie ends up with the wedding of the boy and girl.电影以男青年与姑娘的婚礼做结尾。begin/start with.以开始At the dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.在宴会上，我们通常以汤菜开始，以水果结束。高考直击(2010江西26) Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just _ sweet dreams.Akeep up with Bput up withCend up with Dcatch up with解析：考察动词词组。 keep up with “保持”； put up with “忍受”； end up with “以为结束”； catch up with “赶上”。答案：C知识拓展英语中，像class，school, church, hospital, prison，sea等词用作抽象名词时，前面不加任何冠词；但用作具有实际意义的普通名词时，前面须加冠词。go to school 去上学go to church 做礼拜go to sea 去航海；当海员go to prison 去坐牢in hospital 住院go to class 去上课go to the school 去学校go to the church 去教堂go to the sea 去海边go to the prison 去那所监狱in the hospital 在医院里go to the class 去教室高考直击(1)(2009全国卷)Lets go to_cinemathatll take your mind off the problem for_while.Athe; the Bthe; aCa; the Da; a解析：考查冠词的用法。go to the cinema 表示具体的某地，for a while是固定搭配，表示“一会儿”。答案：B(2)(2010山东22) If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have_ better view.A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the解析：本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部，就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时，front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配，表示“视野开阔，视野良好”之意；所以C项符合语境。答案：C即学即用(2008江苏)We went right round to the west coast by_sea instead of driving across_continent.Athe; theB； theCthe; D； 答案：Bwarn基础用法如下：1)warn sbof(或 about)sth警告某人某事；2)warn sb(not)to do sth警告某人(不)要做某事；3)warn sbagainst sth(或doing sth)警告某人不要做某事；4)warn(sb)that警告(某人)某事。例如：I warned you of the danger, didnt I?我给你说了有危险，不是吗？Doctor warned people not to smoke.医生警告人们不要吸烟。They warned him against swimming in river.他们告戒他不要在那条河里游泳。The weather station warned that a storm was coming.气象台预报有暴风雨来临。1 violence _ Violent _词语辨析fierce; violent; wild这些形容词均含“剧烈的；凶猛的；狂暴的”之意。1)fierce普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。2)violent普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激动，暗含有暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。3)wild普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。2experience1)n. U_He has much experience in teaching._2)n. C_Please tell us your experiences while in Africa._3)v. _Have you ever experienced real hunger?*Mr Kroll is an officer with experience, who has many odd experiences.3cause1)vt. _This car caused me a lot of trouble._2)n. C_Carelessness is often the cause of fires._词语辨析cause, excuse, reasoncause造成某事的直接原因，后接of短语或不定式reason从逻辑推理上得出结论的原因，后接for短语excuse用来推卸责任的借口4current1)n. C_He swam to the shore against a strong current.他逆着急流游向岸边。2)n. C, U_The current includes a direct current and an alternating current._3) adj. _He is your current employer._知识拓展currently adv. 现时；当前current account 活期存款账户；往来账户current affairs 时事5furniture n. U 家具furniture为不可数名词，不能说a furniture，也不能说furnitures表示“一件家具”要说a piece of furniture。注意：英语中有些名词为典型的不可数名词，任何时候都不能加不定冠词，也不能用复数。如fun, equipment, weather, news, advice, information等即学即用改错We need to buy some new furnitures._6 occur vi._That accident occurred yesterday.