江苏省镇江市2018_2019学年高二英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）.docx

江苏省镇江市2018-2019学年高二英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）1.One hundred percent_to your studies， though it can be lonely and no fun at all， will leave precious marks on your youthA. responseB. offenceC. commitmentD. reaction【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：百分之百投入到学习中去，尽管会既孤独又无趣，它却会给你的青春留下珍贵的印记。A. response响应、反应；B. offence犯罪、违反；C. commitment承诺、献身；D. reaction反应、感应。commitment“承诺、献身”符合句意。故C选项正确。2.In Thailand and other parts of South-east Asia， the normal greeting is a slight bow with palms _ togetherA. being pressedB. having pressedC. to be pressedD. pressed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：在泰国和东南亚其他地区， 正常的问候就是双手合十的轻微鞠下躬。with后面的名词palm与press在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词，故D选项正确。【点睛】with复合结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。with结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 with后面的名词palm与press在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词，所以选择D。3.Normally， a forest fire and the damage _ causes can be very extensive， especially when you consider the financial and physical lossesA. whichB. thatC. whatD. it【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：通常，森林大火和其引起的破坏可能是巨大的，特别是当你考虑到经济和物质损失时。the damage it causes 其中it causes是定语从句，先行词是damage，在定语从句中做宾语，此处的it代替的是the forest fire。故D选项正确。4.-Who will be offered the position of manager when it becomes _？-A dedicated person with rich work experienceA. freeB. vacantC. realisticD. accessible【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：-当经理这个职位空缺的时候，谁会得到这个职位呢？-一个拥有丰富工作经验和献身精神的人。A. free自由的、免费的；B. vacant空的、空缺的；C. realistic现实的、逼真的；D. accessible易接近的、可进入的。vacant“空的、空缺的”符合句意。故B选项正确。5.I need a copy of todays China Daily badly，only wondering where I can_ oneA. catch sight ofB. get hold ofC. take charge ofD. take control of【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我急需一份今天的中国日报，只想知道在哪能找到一份。A. catch sight of看见；B. get hold of 找到，得到；C. take charge of负责；D. take control of 控制。由“I need a copy of todays China Daily badly”可知，我急需一份今天的中国日报，所以想知道哪能找到一份。故B选项正确。6.To ensure that children from poor areas can receive a better education， the government has planned to_ more money to improve the conditions of local schoolsA. announceB. allocateC. advocateD. approve【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：为了确保贫困地区孩子能够接受更好的教育，政府已经计划拨出更多的钱用来提高当地学校的办学条件。A. announce声明；B. allocate分配、拨出； C. advocate提倡、主张；D. approve批准、赞成。政府已经计划拨出更多的钱用来提高当地学校的办学条件。所以allocate“分配、拨出”符合句意。故B选项正确。7.-Where is Jerry？-He is at the library studying for his Japanese test In fact， he _for the test every day over the past weekA. has reviewedB. was reviewingC. has been reviewingD. had been reviewing【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：- Jerry在哪里？ -他在图书馆为他的日语考试学习。事实上，他在过去的一周里每天都在为这次考试复习。由语境的时间和后面的every day over the past week表示复习是从过去一直持续到现在并且还在持续的动作，故用现在完成进行时。故C选项正确。8.Simon put up a picture of Michael Jordan beside the bed to keep himself_of his own dreamsA. remindingB. to remindC. remindedD. remind【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查过去分词。句意：Simon放一张乔丹的照片在床边是为了提醒自己不要忘记自己的梦想。remind的用法为remind sb of sth，此处himself 与remind之间是被动关系所以用过去分词在句中做补语。故C选项正确。【点睛】非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，解题的时候首先要确定选择非谓语，确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系是解题的关键remind的用法为remind sb of sth，此处himself 与remind之间是被动关系所以用过去分词在句中做补语。故C选项正确。9.I will think about how Stephen Hawking managed to live a normal life and made great achievements _my life feels unbearableA. wheneverB. howeverC. whicheverD. wherever【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查连词。句意：每当我觉得无法忍受的时候，我会想一想斯蒂芬霍金是如何过上正常的生活并取得巨大成就的。whenever无论什么时候；however无论如何；whichever无论哪一个；wherever无论在哪里。分析句子可知，本句为whenever引导的时间状语从句。故A选项正确。10.-I hear that Jean is planning to buy a car-I know By next month， she_enough for a used oneA. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查将来完成时。句意：-我听说 Jean计划买一辆车。-我知道。到下个月，她就攒够买辆二手车的钱了。by+现在时间，主句用现在完成时；by+将来时间，主句用将来完成时；by+过去时间，主句用过去完成时by next month到下个月为表示将来时间的短语，所以主句要用将来完成词。故A选项正确11.-Where is my suitcase？-Somebody_it away by mistakeA. must have takenB. could takeC. should takeD. must take【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：我的手提箱在哪里？一定是有人误把它拿走了。must have done一定做某事表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测，这时只能用在肯定句中，意思是肯定/必须已经干过could do 能够做某事，should do 应该做某事，must do必须做某事。故A选项正确【点睛】must用在肯定句中表示较为有把握的推测，意为一定。1. must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。2. must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。3. 否定推测用cant。分析句子可知，本句中must have done一定做某事表示对过去事情的较有把握的推测，这时只能用在肯定句中，意思是肯定/必须已经干过。故A选项正确12.Difficult as rumours on social media are _，the government will step up supervision （监管）so that people will not be easily misledA. preventingB. to be preventedC. to preventD. being prevented【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：尽管社交媒体上的一些流言很难阻止，但是政府将加强监管使人们不容易被误导。此处是由as引导的让步状语从句，表示尽管之意在这种情况下，as引导的从句可以部分倒装，倒装时形容词可以提前原句 是as rumours on social media are difficult _ ， 又因为be+形容词+ to do结构，意为做某事（难、容易等），用不定式to do主动表被动。故C选项正确。13.-I cant believe it Tom failed the test again!-He would not be so upset now your adviceA. would he followB. should he followC. did he followD. had he followed【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真不敢相信，汤姆又考砸了！如果他听从你的建议，他就不会那么难过了。分析句子可知，本句是对过去时间的虚拟，if引导的条件句用过去完成时，if省略had提前，句子倒装，所以是had he followed。故D选项正确。【点睛】if虚拟条件句和对应主句动词形式列表： 条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/could/might/should have done与现在事实相反的假设过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do与将来事实相反的假设过去时 (waswere ) ; should do;were to dowould/could/might/should do可以判断本句是对过去时间的虚拟，if引导的条件句用过去完成时，if省略had提前，句子倒装，所以是had he followed。故D选项正确。14.(2017北京) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. whyB. whereC. howD. when【答案】B【解析】试题分析：A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。考点：考查连词。15.When his beloved girlfriend left him， he was_for a couple of weeksA. over the moonB. as sly as a foxC. down in the dumpsD. on cloud nine【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当他挚爱的女友离开他时，他沮丧了几个星期。A. over the moon非常高兴；狂喜；B. as sly as a fox像狐狸一样狡猾；C. down in the dumps气馁；沮丧；D. on cloud nine及其快乐；乐不可支。由“When his beloved girlfriend left him”可知，他挚爱的女友离开了他，所以down in the dumps“气馁；沮丧”符合句意。故C选项正确。二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AMonkeys! A primate storyUntil 28 January 2019 Go bananas for the world of primates （灵长类动物）at Queensland Museums latest exhibition， Monkeys! A Primate StorySPECIAL OFFER： From 3-21 December buy a ticket to SparkLab and visit Monkeys for only 5 Present your SparkLab ticket to the ticket desk to buy discounted entry to Monkeys! A Primate StoryDiscounted tickets are available from Monday to Friday only Ticket must be used on day of purchase and it cannot be used with any other offer， Annual Pass upgrade not includedMonkeys! is a unique chance to discover a collection thats been over two centuries in the making Many primate animals are becoming endangered due to human activity， so its the most important that we understand how a modern， changing world impacts on their environments How can we make sure the survival of these creatures？ And in turn， how have they succeeded in living in urban environments and facing new challenges？Ticket PricesAdult： 12Child （5-15 years）： 12 Family （2A + 2C）： 40 Annual Pass holder： 10.80Open timeThis exhibition is a timed ticketed experience， and is open daily from 9：40 am to 5：00 pm Entry times begin at 9：40 am daily， then at 20-minute intervals （间隔）through to the last entry at 4：00 pmSeason Pass for Annual Pass holdersDo you have an Annual Pass？ When you buy a Monkeys! ticket， you can get a Season Pass to Monkeys! A Primate Story This means unlimited re-entry to Monkeys! during the exhibition period （29 September 2018 to 28 January 2019）It is important to point out that no monkeys were harmed for this exhibition The primates came from zoos Protecting endangered primates is a strong theme throughout and a key visitor takeaway16. If a couple with two 8-year-old children go to Monkeys! on 26January 2019， how much should they pay altogether at least？ _A. 43.2B. 48C. 40D. 2017. Which of the following statements is NOT true？ _A. The entry time is from 9：40 am to 5：00 pm every dayB. A Season Pass to Monkeys! means unlimited re-entry to it during the exhibition periodC. The exhibition focuses on the protection of endangered primate animalsD. Monkeys! provides people with a unique chance to discover a collection【答案】16. C 17. A【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了Queensland Museum的最新展览Monkeys，具体介绍了展览的注意事项以及收费等等。【16题详解】细节理解题。Ticket Prices部分中的“Family （2A + 2C）： 40 ”可知，四口之家家庭票是40元。所以如果一对夫妇在2019年1月26日带着两个8岁的孩子去看展览Monkeys，他们至少要支付40。故C选项正确。【17题详解】细节理解题。由Open time部分中的“Entry times begin at 9：40 am daily， then at 20-minute intervals （间隔）through to the last entry at 4：00 pm”可知，上午9：40入场间隔20分钟直到下午4：00停止入场，所以A选项中的5：00是错误的。故选A。BWhen we see a person in deep sorrow， our immediate reaction is to lend a hand Not to do so would be a moral failure But what if we see an animal in deep sorrow， does the same logic apply？This question was raised following the rescue of a group of penguins from an icy gully in Antarctica It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series DynastiesThe film crew was alarmed when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young The crew dug a shallow ramp so that a few of the penguins could save themselvesThe case has taken the international media by storm Viewers watching this episode let out a sigh of relief on social media Im so glad I understand not getting directly involved， but a helping hand isnt intervening right？ viewer Kathryn Shaw tweetedHowever， others think that human intervention is unnatural Its an unwritten rule among documentary filmmakers that they are there to observe， not to intervene， according to CBS News For example， in another episode of Dynasties， David the chimpanzee， was left to die after he was filmed being beaten up by other chimpsTragedy is a part of life You cant have sunshine throughout your life To have done anything else would only make matters worse and distort （扭曲）the truth， said the shows creator David Attenborough，according to The TimesIn this case， however， Mike Gunton， the executive producer of the series， said that this was a one-off situation There were no animals going to suffer by intervening It wasnt dangerous You werent touching the animals and it was just felt by doing thisthey had the opportunity to not have to keep slipping down the slope， he told the BBCSuch cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen， wildlife photographer for National GeographicI have a practical view when it comes to the natural rhythm （节律）of life， he told Metro If its ever a dangerous situation， no matter how gut-wrenching， you stay out of the way Even when you are watching a male polar bear eat the youngBut he said that he would help animals if he saw no real gain or disruption （扰乱） to the ecosystemIndeed， there will always be two sides to the coin， and human beings will forever be conflicted in such circumstances Theres no rule book in those situations You can only respond to the facts that are right there in front of you， Will Lawson， the shows director， told Daily Mail18. The case has taken the international media by storm because _ A. people all over the world prefer documentaries of AntarcticaB. people were very curious about how the penguins diedC. what the film crew did upset people all over the worldD. it has caused a heated discussion on human intervention in wildlife19. The underlined word gut-wrenching in Paragraph 9 probably means _ A. highly embarrassingB. slightly worryingC. very comfortingD. extremely upsetting20. From this essay， we can learn that human intervention _ A. is a topic rarely mentioned by international mediaB. once resulted in chimpanzees death directlyC. is usually not expected in making documentary filmsD. surely breaks the natural rhythm of life【答案】18. D 19. D 20. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。短文主要对在南极洲冰冷的沟壑拯救一群企鹅，引起了国际媒体的强烈反响，引发了人们对野生动物干预的激烈讨论【18题详解】细节理解题。由第五段“However， others think that human intervention is unnatural Its an unwritten rule among documentary filmmakers that they are there to observe， not to intervene， according to CBS News” 可知，然而，也有人认为人类的介入是不自然的。据哥伦比亚广播公司新闻报道，在纪录片摄制者中，这是一个不成文的规则，他们只是在那里观察，而不是干预。该案件引起了国际媒体的强烈反响，因为它引发了人们对野生动物干预的激烈讨论。故D选项正确。【19题详解】词义猜测题由第9段“If its ever a dangerous situation， no matter gut-wrenching， you stay out of the way”并结合下句的例子 Even when you are watching a male polar bear eat the young如果这是一个危险的情况，无论多么痛苦，你都不能阻止。所以第9段下划线的“gut-wrenching”一词可能指的是 extremely upsetting“极度令人难过的”。故D选项正确。【20题详解】推理判断题。由短文倒数第三段I have a practical view when it comes to the natural rhythm （节律）of life， he told Metro If its ever a dangerous situation， no matter how gut-wrenching， you stay out of the way Even when you are watching a male polar bear eat the young可知，说到生活的自然节奏，我有一个实际的观点。他告诉Metro。“如果这是一个危险的情况，无论多么痛苦，你都不能阻止。甚至当你看着一只雄性北极熊吃掉自己的幼崽”。所以通过所说的内容可以推测出，制作纪录片时通常不会进行人为干预。故C选项正确。【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施.由短文倒数第三段I have a practical view when it comes to the natural rhythm （节律）of life， he told Metro If its ever a dangerous situation， no matter how gut-wrenching， you stay out of the way Even when you are watching a male polar bear eat the young可知，说到生活的自然节奏，我有一个实际的观点，”他告诉Metro。“如果这是一个危险的情况，无论多么痛苦，你都不能阻止。甚至当你看着年轻的雄性北极熊吃掉自己的幼崽”。所以通过所说的内容可以推测出，制作纪录片时通常不会进行人为干预。故小题3的正确选项为C选项。CPeople asked to imagine how flooding or droughts would affect particular people or places were more likely to engage in environmentally friendly actionsMany people view climate change as a distant threat But having them imagine the tangible （有形的） consequences of resulting droughts or floods may help change this idea and encourage proenvironmental behavior， a new study suggestsResearchers asked 93 college students to read a report on temperature anomalies （异常），floods and other climate change-related events that have affected the island The scientists then asked 62 of the participants to write down three ways in which such phenomena might impact their future lives Half the people in that group were instructed to imagine such situations in detail The remaining 31 students did not complete either the writing or imagining steps， acting as a control groupAll the participants then rated their ideas of climate change risks by responding to questions such as How likely do you think it is that climate change is having serious impacts on the world？ They used a scale from 1 （very unlikely） to 7 （very likely） The average score was higher among subjects who had been asked to envision detailed situations than among those who had not The results were later confirmed in a second experiment involving 102 participantsParticipants in the first experiment who had imagined the effects of climate change were more likely to say they would use air conditioning in an energy-saving manner In the second experiment， nearly two thirds of people in the visualizing （想象） group signed up to help clean a beach， compared with 43 percent in the nonvisualizing one And when offered a choice of a vegetarian （素食主义的）or nonvegetarian lunch box， nearly half the visualizers selected the environmentally friendlier meatless choice-compared with about 28 percent of the nonvisualizersThe researchers did not track people to see if they behaved differently in their day-to-day lives-something further studies should examine， says study co-author Wen-Bin Chiou Moreover， the research should be done again in other places with other populations， says Robert Gifford， a professor of psychology at the University of Victoria in British Columbia， who was not involved in the workThe findings could be applied to raise public concern about climate change， Chiou says For example， he suggests that news reports about the phenomenon could include vivid descriptions of its effects on people，s lives and ask readers to imagine experiencing such impacts Having virtual-reality demonstrations （展示）in local science museums of the consequences of climate change would be another way of putting the research into practice， Chiou adds21. Which of the following statements about the study is true？ _A. Only one experiment was carried out for the studyB. Professor Robert Gifford played a key role in the studyC. The control group only completed the writing step in the experimentD. Participants asked to imagine detailed effects scored higher than those who werent22. Future studies will probably be about whether _ A. it is true of other populations in other placesB. more money will be donated to the people affected by climate change-related eventsC. people choose vegetarian lunch boxes in their daily livesD. climate change will cause people to think about joining in a control group23. To put the research into practice， Wen-Bin Chiou suggests that _ A. the government call on people to live a low-carbon lifeB. people use air conditioning in an energy-saving mannerC. people experience possible effects of climate change through virtual reality facilitiesD. news reports provide vivid descriptions of the effects of climate change on peoples5lives24. The passage mainly tells us that _ A. different people may have different reactions to climate changeB. different forms of climate change may affect peoples ideas in different waysC. people may change their behavior after thinking about the vivid impacts of climate changeD. college s