有用的英语T.doc

Directions: Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word.1. The governors impromptu remarks cause political party much embarrassment. a. unrehearsed b. forceful c. unrestrained d. absurd2. His extreme nervousness impeded his ability to speak in front of large groups of people.a. hindered b. halted c. accelerated d. fostered3. The chairman did not rule out possibility of an agreement.a. promise b. reject c. accept d. forestall4. His employer appeared to be in such an affable mood that Tom decided to ask for a raise.a. despondent b. irresponsible c. agreeable d. uncertain5. The Civil Defense evacuated his inhabitants from the area where the storm was predicted to strike.a. aided b. warned c. notified d. removed6. According to investigators, the recent report of a sea monster was a hoax.a. breakthrough b. mistake c. trick d. crime7. In his statements to the press, the administrator was consistently equivocal.a. ambiguous b. reasonable c. hasty d. frank8. It is not our aim to subjugate our foe; we are interested only in establishing peaceful relations.a. detain b. conquer c. slacken d. bribe9. There are ample evidences to testify that he was not on the spot at the time of murder.a. meager b. insufficient c. abundant d. inadequate10. The mans formidable appearance frightened the girl from into screaming.a. amicable b. strange c. amiable d. awesomeSection BDirections: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.11. _ him beyond endurance, and there is no telling what he may do.a. Aggravate b. Enhance c. Heighten d. Intensify12. The boxer _ and almost fell when his opponent hit him.a. shattered b. stammered c. scrambled d. staggered13. Registering a patent _ a number of expenses.a. enhances b. elicits c. entails d. advocates14. He has been here for many times, so there is no _ for him anymore.a. notion b. novelty c. emotion d. fascination15. We do not think there is anything wrong with our shipment to _ your complaint.a. impose b. incur c. deduce d. recall16. Although they had suffered heavy losses, they refused to _ defeat.a. concede b. conserve c. assert d. conceal17. Placing high _ on imported goods is a frequently employed method of protecting domestic industries.a. taxes b. profits c. rations d. tariffs18. Contrary to what I have heard about him, the old statesman seems rather _ and not talkative at all.a. kind b. benevolent c. reserved d. popular19. If your question is _ to the design of a new lung-heart machine. I will answer it.a. associated b. consistent c. identical d. pertinent20. No one can achieve great success by relying on _ enthusiasm.a. moment b. timely c. momentary d. momentousPART : Grammar (20 points)Section ADirections: choose the answer that best fills in the blank.21. Quarter horses can start more quickly, turn more sharply and run faster over short courses _ breeds can.a. that the other b. other c. than other d. of all other22. Does your father like to play golf?Yes, hes really enthusiastic _ it.”a. by b. about c. with d. on23. A body weighs _ from the surface of the earth.a. less the farther it gets. b. the farther it gets, the less c. less than it gets farther d. less than it, the farther it gets24. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of _ reality.a. that is conceived b. that is being conceived ofc. what it is conceived d. at is conceived to be25. On no account _ borrow money from friends, and still less _ dependent on the favors of rich relatives.a. I would / would be b. would I / I would bec. would I /would I be d. I would / would I be26. The tape-recorder _ out of order, the students did no know what to do.a. was b. had been c. being d. has been27. Tony is going on the picnic with his _ friends.a. two little other b. other two little c. other little two d. two other little28. I regret _ the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.a. having left b. to leave c. to be left d. to have left29. I _ in my reading, and didnt at first hear the doorbell ring.a. had immersed b. immersed c. being immersed d. was immersed30. Thank you for all the information you have provided. Its nice _ here.a. to see you b. seeing you c. having seen you d. to have seen youSection BDirections: choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.31. School counselors are convinced that it will be obligatory that all applications must haveA B Ccomputer training to enter the job market in the future.D32. The federal government recommends that local civic groups will accept the responsibility ofA Bwelfare disbursement to the needy.C D33. It estimated is that only about thirty percent of our planets surface consists of land.A B C D34. A letter of credit is often used to companies to finance the movement of goods betweenA B C Dcountries.35. Cairo University, the Arab worlds first secular university, founded in 1925 with seven mainA B Cfaculties and colleges.D36. The child born on April 27, 1882 to Mrs. Jesse G rant of Point Pleasant, Ohio, was six weeks oldA BCbefore a name found for him. D37. With X-ray microscopes scientists can see through alive insects or even through solid piece ofA B C Dmethod.38. If the resources of forest and waterpower were more full developed, the economy would notA Bhave been so dependent on imports.C D39. Anger over massive unemployment in the West has spilled over into a frightening wave of A B Cracist attacks on emigrants. D40. As the matter of fact, in a depression, or a time of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers,A Bincluding the creditor who is left with uncollected debts.C DPART III. Rending comprehension: (30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage 1The very circumstances of the kind of life they led made it out of the question for the Huns ever to act as a huge, coherent army. The horde must not have counted many more than five thousand individuals. Such units, acting independently and not imbued with any particular feeling of kinship and solidarity, could easily turn out fighting on opposite sides. When Huns fell on the Ostrogoths led by Ermanarics successor, Vithimiris, that was indeed the situation. Vithimiris had Hunnic mercenaries fighting for him on the Ostrogoth side.When the Huns arrived on the frontiers of the Roman Empire, they were an unknown quantity. Our modern chatter about little green men in flying saucers is not too different from the popular reaction in the fourth century to Huns mounted on wiry horses. The Huns were indubitably frightening, not only because of their Mongoloid features, their wild clothing, and their language that practically no one understood. Also frightening was their ability to dart around with lightening speed which must have multiplied their actual numbers in the minds of their alarmed adversaries. Their tactics involved a pretense of scattered flight, with quick reassembling and renewed attack. Then there were those deadly bows that they used. The Hunnic bow was a formidable wed, by anyones standards. Only a skilled professional could make bows, taking months on end to produce just one. The bow was a complete construction, with a stave made of several carefully selected, cured and worked materials such as wood, sinew, and horn. The Huns handled them with terrifying precision. We know from ancient art how fierce a backward Parthian shot could look.If they shot arrows like Parthians and spoke a Turkish language and looked like Mongols, who were the Huns, and whence did they come? One clue is an extremely unattractive practice of theirs. They deliberately deformed the heads of their infants, the end result being anything but charming in the adult Hun. As Sidonius Apollinaris describes them, their heads are great round masses rising to a narrow crown. The rest of Sidoniuss statement is couched in his usual tortured Latin, but scholars agree on the meaning: the Hunnic nose was flattened to make room for the helmets. In recent years statistical analysis has revealed that the earliest specimens of deformed skulls come from along the Tales River in Tien Shan; next in graves along the Volga; then in the Ukraine; the northern Caucasus, and the Crimea; then in Transcaucasia; and finally in Central Europe. This pattern reflects the movements of the Huns.Comprehension Questions:41. The paragraphs before this passage describea. the social organization of the Huns. b. the qualities of separateness in Hunnic life.c. their reliance on horses. d. all of the above.42. The Hunnic army wasa. a well-organized group. b. a huge army of 5,000 soldiers.c. a small army of 5,000 soldiers. d. none of the above.43. Ermanarica. preceded Vithimiris.b. was dead at the time the author is discussing.b. was at one time the leader of the Ostrogoth forces.d. was all of the above.44. The population of the Roman Empirea. had had considerable contact with the Huns. b. as terrified by the Huns.c. considered the Huns as beings from outer space. d. lived on the frontiers of the empire.45. The Hunnic bow wasa. a splendid weapon. b. very time-consuming to make.c. an instrument of precision. d. all the above.Passage 2Merchants and manufacturers are not contented with the monopoly of the home market, but desire likewise the most extensive foreign sale or their goods. Their country has no jurisdiction in foreign countries and therefore can seldom procure them any monopoly there. They are generally obliged, therefore, to content themselves with petitioning for certain encouragements to exportation. Of these encouragements, what are called Drawbacks seem to be the most reasonable. To allow a merchant to draw back upon exportation, either the whole or a part of whatever excise or inland duty is imposed upon the domestic industry, can never occasion the exportation of a greater quantity of goods than what would have been exported, had no duty been imposed. Such encouragements do not tend to turn towards any particular employment a greater share of the capital of the country, than what would go to that employment of its own accord, but only to hinder the duty from driving away any part of that share to other industries. They tend not to overturn that balance which naturally establishes itself among all the various commercial enterprises of the society, but to prevent it from being overturned by the duty. They tend not to destroy, but to preserve, what it is in most cases advantageous to preserve, the natural division and distribution of labor in the society.The same may be said of the drawbacks upon the re-exportation of foreign goods imported, which in Great Britain generally amount to by far the largest part of the duty upon importation. By the second of the rules, annexed to an act of parliament, which imposed at is now called the old subsidy, every merchant, whether English or alien, was allowed to draw back half that duty on exportation; the English merchant, provided the exportation took place within twelve months; the alien, provided it took place within nine months. The duties imposed by this act of parliament were, at the time, the only duties upon the importation of foreign goods. The duties which have been imposed since the old subsidy, are, the greater art of them, wholly drawn back upon exportation. This general rule, however, is liable to a great number of exceptions, and the doctrine of drawbacks has become a much less simple matter, than it was at their first institution. Upon the exportation of some foreign goods, of which it was expected that the importation would greatly exceed what was necessary for the home consumption, the whole duties are drawn back, without retaining even half the old subsidy. Before the revolt of the North American colonies, we had the monopoly of the tobacco of Maryland and Virginia. We imported nearly ninety-six thousand hogsheads, and the home consumption was not supposed to exceed fourteen thousand. To facilitate the great exportation which was necessary in order to rid us of the rest, the whole duties were drawn back, provided that the exportation was effected within three years. We still retain, or very nearly, the monopoly of the sugar of our West Indian islands. If sugar is exported within one year, all of the duties upon importation are drawn back, and if exported within three years, all the duties, except half of the old subsidy, which still continues to be retained upon exportation of the goods, are reclaimed. Though the importation of sugar exceeds, by a large measure, what is necessary for the domestic market, the excess is inconsiderable, in comparison to what it used to be in tobacco.Comprehension Questions46. Which of the following statements equates to the general inferences of the first paragraph?a. It is incumbent upon the state to gain advantageous trading rights in respect of indigenous commercial concernsb. The end consumer of a product is irrelevant in considering the duty payable.c. An improved balance of trade position can be realized by the expedient of government inducements.d. Commercial activities produce the greatest reward when applied exclusively to domestic markets.47. By a judicious application of excise duties, governments thereby:a. ensure that the workforce is attracted to export oriented industries and so improve the balance of trade.b. curry favor with manufacturers so as to retain control of industrial output without the requirement of government investment.c. obtain political advantage in order to ingratiate themselves with the electorate to ensure success at any future election.d. achieve equitable distribution of personnel amongst the competing needs of industry throughout the country.48. In the view of government, in the final analysis, the imposition of taxes:a. inhibits innovative manufacturing enterprises to the detriment of workers and owners alikeb. results in an unequal distribution of products so that certain sections of the market are denied the opportunity to buyc . encourages the creation of an alternative economy predicated upon tax avoidanced. establishes an equilibrium whereby industries can retain then part of the market49. In order to ensure uniform treatment of merchants involved in import/export, and those dealing solely in the domestic market:a. state imposes excise duties on overseas trade to offset its costs in protecting commercial trading routesb. export taxes are imposed in order to limit foreign commerce and retain sufficient stock to satisfy home demandc. a percentage of duties paid is reimbursed so that merchants home market share is not put at riskd. domestic market excise duties are set at a higher relative rate to ensure equity50. It can be inferred from the article that the author would approve of which of the following statements?a. if merchants seek to achieve even greater profits by participating in international trade, they should provide their own military protection forceb. after first ensuring that no sector of industry is disadvantaged, governments should encourage trade by whatever means are at their disposalc. governments have no expertise in commercial affairs so should adopt a policy of laissez faired. discrimination in the matter of taxation inevitably leads to official corruptionPassage 3Even where the judge has to find rules which have never been stated and perhaps never been acted upon before, his task will thus be wholly different from that of the leader of an organization who has to decide what action ought to be taken in order to achieve particular results. It would probably never have occurred to one used to organizing men for particular actions to give his commands the form of rules equally applicable to all members of the group irrespective of their allotted tasks, if he had not already had before him the example of the judge. It therefore seems unlikely that any authority with power of command would even have developed law in the sense in which the judges developed it, that is as rules applicable to anyone who finds himself in a position definable in abstract terms. That human intention should concern itself with laying down rules for an unknown number of future instances presupposes a feat of conscious abstraction of which primitive people are hardly capable. Abstract rules independent of any particular result aimed at were something which had to be found to prevail, not something the