1910年统一船舶碰撞若干法律规则的国际公约(中英对照版本).doc

1910年统一船舶碰撞某些法律规定的国际公约INTERNATIONALCONVENTIONFORTHEUNIFICATIONOFCERTAINRULESOFLAWWITHRESPECTTOCOLLISIONBETWEENVESSELS,1910正文：第一条 海船与海船或海船与内河船舶发生碰撞，致使有关船舶或船上人身、财物遭受损害时，不论碰撞发生在任何水域，对这种损害的赔偿，都应按下列规定办理。Article1Whereacollisionoccursbetweensea-goingvesselsorbetweensea-goingvesselsandvesselsofinlandnavigation,thecompensationduefordamagescausedtothevessels,ortoanythingsorpersonsonboardthereof,shallbesettledinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions,inwhateverwatersthecollisiontakesplace.第二条 如果碰撞的发生是出于意外，或者出于不可抗力，或者碰撞原因不明，其损害应由遭受者自行承担。即使在发生碰撞时，有关的船舶或其中之一是处于锚泊（或以其他方式系泊）状态，本条规定亦得适用。Article2Ifthecollisionisaccidental,ifitiscausedbyforcemajeure,orifthecauseofthecollisionisleftindoubt,thedamagesarebornebythosewhohavesufferedthem.Thisprovisionisapplicablenotwithstandingthefactthatthevessels,oranyoneofthem,maybeatanchor(orotherwisemadefast)atthetimeofthecasualty.第三条 如果碰撞是由于一艘船舶的过失所引起，损害赔偿的责任便应由该艘过失船舶承担。Article3Ifthecollisioniscausedbythefaultofoneofthevessels,liabilitytomakegoodthedamagesattachestotheonewhichhascommittedthefault.第四条 如果两艘或两艘以上船舶犯有过失，各船应按其所犯过失程度，按比例分担责任。但如考虑到客观环境，不可能确定各船所犯过失的程度，或者看来过失程度相等，其应负的责任便应平均分担。船舶或其所载货物，或船员、旅客或船上其他人员的行李或财物所受的损害，应由过失船舶按上述比例承担。即使对于第三者的损害，一艘船舶也不承担较此种损害比例为多的责任。对于人身伤亡所造成的损害，各过失船舶对第三者负连带责任。但这并不影响已经支付较本条第1款规定其最终所应赔偿数额为多的船舶向其他过失船舶取得摊款的权利。关于取得摊款的权利问题，各国法律可以自行决定有关限定船舶所有人对船上人员责任的契约或法律规定所应具有的意义和效力。Article4Iftwoormorevesselsareinfaulttheliabilityofeachvesselisinproportiontothedegreeofthefaultsrespectivelycommitted.Providedthatifhavingregardtothecircumstances,itisnotpossibletoestablishthedegreeoftherespectivefaults,orifitappearsthatthefaultsareequal,theliabilityisapportionedequally.Thedamagescaused,eithertothevesselsortotheircargoesortotheeffectsorotherpropertyofthecrews,passengers,orotherpersonsonboard,arebornebythevesselsinfaultintheaboveproportions,andeventothirdpartiesavesselisnotliableformorethansuchproportionofsuchdamages.Inrespectofdamagescausedbydeathorpersonalinjuries,thevesselsinfaultarejointlyaswellasseverallyliabletothirdparties,withoutprejudicehowevertotherightofthevesselwhichhaspaidalargerpartthanthatwhich,inaccordancewhichtheprovisionsofthefirstparagraphofthisArticle,sheoughtultimatelytobear,toobtainacontributionfromtheothervesselorvesselsinfault.Itislefttothelawofeachcountrytodetermine,asregardssuchrighttoobtaincontribution,themeaningandeffectofanycontractorprovisionoflawwhichlimitstheliabilityoftheownersofavesseltowardspersonsonboard.第五条以上各条规定，适用于由于引航员的过失而发生的碰撞，即使是依法强制引航，亦得适用。Article5TheliabilityimposedbytheprecedingArticlesattachesincaseswherethecollisioniscausedbythefaultofapilot,evenwhenthepilotiscarriedbycompulsionoflaw.第六条 对因碰撞而引起的损害要求赔偿的起诉权，不以提出海事报告或履行其他特殊手续为条件。关于在碰撞责任方面的过失问题的一切法律推定，均应废除。Article6Therightofactionfortherecoveryofdamagesresultingfromacollisionisnotconditionalupontheenteringofaprotestorthefulfillmentofanyotherspecialformality.Alllegalpresumptionsoffaultinregardtoliabilityforcollisionareabolished.第七条损害赔偿的起诉权时效两年，自事故发生之日起算。为行使第四条第3款所准许的取得摊款的权利而提起的诉讼，须自付款之日起一年内提出。上述时效期限得以中止或中断的理由，由审理该案法院所引用的法律决定。各缔约国有权以本国立法规定：如在上述时效期限内未能在原告住所或主要营业地所在国家领海内扣留被告船舶，便应延长上述时效期限。Article7Actionsfortherecoveryofdamagesarebarredafteranintervaloftwoyearsfromthedateofthecasualty.Theperiodwithinwhichanactionmustbeinstitutedforenforcingtherightstoobtaincontributionpermittedbyparagraph3ofArticle4,isoneyearfromthedateofpayment.Thegroundsuponwhichthesaidperiodsoflimitationmaybesuspendedorinterruptedaredeterminedbythelawofthecourtwherethecaseistried.TheHighContractingPartiesreservetothemselvestherighttoprovide,bylegislationintheirrespectivecountries,thatthesaidperiodsshallbeextendedincaseswhereithasnotbeenpossibletoarrestthedefendantvesselintheterritorialwatersoftheStateinwhichtheplaintiffhashisdomicileorprincipalplaceofbusiness.第八条 碰撞发生后，相碰船舶船长在不致对其船舶、船员和旅客造成严重危险的情况下，必须对另一船舶、船员和旅客施救。上述船长还必须尽可能将其船名、船藉港、出发港和目的港通知对方船舶。违反上述规定，并不当然地将责任加于船舶所有人。Article8Afteracollision,themasterofeachofthevessels,incollisionisbound,sofarashecandosowithoutseriousdangertohisvessel,hercrewandherpassengers,torenderassistancetotheothervessel,hercrewandherpassengers.Heislikewiseboundsofaraspossibletomakeknowntotheothervesselthenameofhisvesselandtheporttowhichshebelongs,andalsothenamesoftheportsfromwhichshecomesandtowhichsheisbound.Abreachoftheaboveprovisionsdoesnotofitselfimposeanyliabilityontheownerofavessel.第九条 凡是在法律上对违反前条规定的事例不予禁止的缔约国，应当承担义务，采取或建议其本国立法机关采取必要措施，以便防止违反上述规定的行为发生。各缔约国应将为履行上述义务而已在国内颁布或在日后可能颁布的法律或规章，尽速互相通知。Article9TheHighContractingPartieswhoselegislationdoesnotforbidinfringementsoftheprecedingArticlebindthemselvestotakeortoproposetotheirrespectivelegislaturesthemeasuresnecessaryforthepreventionofsuchinfringements.TheHighContractingPartieswillcommunicatetooneanotherassoonaspossiblethelawsorregulationswhichhavealreadybeenormaybehereafterpromulgatedintheirStatesforgivingeffecttotheaboveundertaking.第十条在不妨碍将来缔结的任何公约的情况下，本公约的规定，对于各国有关限定船舶所有人责任的现行法律，以及对于因运输契约或任何其他契约而产生的法律义务，都不发生任何影响。Article10WithoutprejudicetoanyConventionswhichmayhereafterbemade,theprovisionsofthisConventiondonotaffectinanywaythelawinforceineachcountrywithregardtothelimitationofshipownersliability,notdotheyalterthelegalobligationsarisingfromcontractsofcarriageorfromanyothercontracts.第十一条本公约不适用于军用船舶或专门用于公务的政府船舶。Article11ThisConventiondoesnotapplytoshipsofwarortoGovernmentshipsappropriatedexclusivelytoapublicservice.第十二条在任一案件中的所有当事船舶都属于本公约缔约国所有，以及国内法对此有所规定的任何情况下，本公约的规定适用于全体利害关系人。但是：（1）对属于非缔约国的利害关系人，每一缔约国可在互惠条件下适用本公约的规定。（2）如果全体利害关系人和受理案件的法院属于同一国家，则应适用国内法，而不适用本公约。Article12TheprovisionsofthisConventionshallbeappliedasregardsallpersonsinterestedwhenallthevesselsconcernedinanyactionbelongtoStatesoftheHighContractingParties,andinanyothercasesforwhichthenationallawsprovide.Providedalwaysthat:1.Asregardspersonsinterestedwhobelongtoanon-contractingState,theapplicationoftheaboveprovisionsmaybemadebyeachofthecontractingStatesconditionaluponreciprocity.2.WhereallthepersonsinterestedbelongtothesameStateasthecourttryingthecase,theprovisionsofthenationallawandnotoftheConventionareapplicable第十三条 本公约的规定扩及于一艘船舶对另一艘船舶造成损害的赔偿案件，而不论这种损害是由于执行或不执行某项操纵，或是由于不遵守规章所造成。即使未曾发生碰撞，也是如此。Article13ThisConventionextendstothemakinggoodofdamageswhichavesselhascausedtoanothervessel,ortogoodsorpersonsonboardeithervessel,eitherbytheexecutionornon-executionofamanoeuvreorbythenon-observanceoftheregulations,evenifnocollisionhadactuallytakenplace.第十四条各缔约国有权在本公约生效三年后，要求召开新的会议，以便对本公约进行可能的修改，特别是尽可能扩大其适用范围。行使上述权利的国家，应当通过比利时政府将其意图通知其他各国，比利时政府则当进行筹备，在六个月内召开此种会议。Article14AnyoneoftheHighContractingPartiesshallhavetheright,threeyearsafterthisConventioncomesintoforce,tocallforafreshconferencewithaviewtopossibleamendmentstherein,andparticularlywithaviewtoextend,ifpossible,thesphereofitsapplication.AnyPowerexercisingthisrightmustnotifyitsintentiontotheotherPowers,throughtheBelgianGovernment,whichwillmakearrangementsforconveningtheconferencewithinsixmonths.第十五条 未曾签署本公约的国家，可以申请加入本公约。参加本公约，应通过外交途径通知比利时政府，并由比利时政府通知其他缔约国政府。如此参加本公约，应自比利时政府发出通知之日起一个月后生效。Article15StateswhichhavenotsignedthepresentConventionareallowedtoaccedetheretoattheirrequest.SuchaccessionshallbenotifiedthroughthediplomaticchanneltotheBelgianGovernment,andbythelattertoeachoftheGovernmentsoftheotherContractingParties;itshallbecomeeffectiveonemonthafterthedespatchofsuchnotificationbytheBelgianGovernment.第十六条自本公约签字之日起一年内，比利时政府应与已经声明行将批准本公约的其他缔约国政府进行联系，以便决定应否使本公约生效。如果决定使本公约生效，便应立即将批准书交存布鲁塞尔。本公约自交存批准书之日起一个月后生效。交存记录对于参加布鲁塞尔会议各国开放一年，此后，上述各国只能依照第十五条规定参加本公约。Article16ThepresentConventionshallberatified.AfteranintervalofatmostoneyearfromthedateonwhichtheConventionissigned,theBelgianGovernmentshallenterintocommunicationwiththeGovernmentsoftheHighContractingPartieswhichhavedeclaredthemselvespreparedtoratifyit,withaviewtodecidewhetheritshouldbeputintoforce.Theratificationsshall,ifsodecided,bedepositedforthwithatBrussels,andtheConventionshallcomeintoforceamonthaftersuchdeposit.TheProtocolshallremainopenanotheryearinfavoroftheStatesrepresentedattheBrusselsConference.AfterthisintervaltheycanonlyaccedetoitinconformitywiththeprovisionsofArticle15.第十七条如有缔约国欲退出本公约，应自其通知比利时政府之日起一年后生效，而