2015年职称英语考试《理工类》模拟试卷(一).doc

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1、 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.Atake outBbreak offCpush inDdig up2、 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.AplayBshowCsendDtell3、 This table is strong and durable.Along-lastingBextensiveCfar-reachingDeternal4、 He endured great pain before he finally expired.AfiredBresignedCdieDretreated5、 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.AsmilingBlaughingCshoutingDstaring6、 The index is the governments chief gauge of future economic activityAmeasureBopinionCmethodDdecision7、 Its sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first.AworkableBreasonableCpossibleDavailable8、 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.AboiledBpollutedCmixedDsweetened9、 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your positionAmaintainBbetterCacquireDsupport10、 She stood there, trembling with fear.AjumpingBcryingCmovingDshaking11、 Medical facilities are being upgraded.AexpandedBrepairedCimprovedDtransferred12、 Rock climbing is hazardous.AinterestingBdangerousCattractiveDuseful13、 John is eligible for this job.AacceptedBrecommendedCrejectedDrecommended14、 In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.AinvolveBdecreaseCspeed upDgive up15、 Mary looked pale and weary.AworriedBuglyCsillyDexhausted$pager$Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes (龙卷风) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel(漏斗状态) cloud was behind him. I stopped the track and watched the funnel cloud. It wasabout 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving towardBradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared. Snyder said.Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio onSaturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell ontohouses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.Amanda Sym check was having a party when the storm began. I knew something waswrong, he said. I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a trainrushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement forprotection. The tornado caused a 10t of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long timeand much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from thethunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rainfell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets andhouses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and tracks because of the high water. This madeit difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were introuble. Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety.Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走). The Red Cross served mealsto them.This was a really intense storm, said Snyder. People were afraid. Mother Nature canbe fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. 16.The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17、 George Snyder was a firefighter.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18、 Amanda Sym check was having a party in the basement when the storm began.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19、 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20、 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21、 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22、 Several people were missing during the storm.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned$pager$Earth Angels 1. Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were litteringher hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes fiveyears for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joyinglaunched a No Butts on the Beach campaign. She raised money and awareness about theneed to keep the beaches dean. With the help of others. Joying also bought or receiveddonations of gallon-size plastic ice. cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, andplaced at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of theircigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are fun and thebeach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片).2. People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado. have Carter Dunham to thank fora new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River.The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs HighSchool. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife. Carter and his classmates mappedthe area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among otherthings Where fences and parking areas should be built.3. Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after oneof the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas.They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water - a realdanger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researchedways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now. theDont Be Crude program runs oil collection sites - tanks that hold up to 460 gallons -where people in the community can dispose of their oil.4. Five years ago. ll-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all thepeople in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when helearned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as$ 70 could build a well. We really take water for granted, says Ryan, of Kemptville,Ontario, in Canada. In other countries, you have to plan for it. Ryan earned the first$ 70 by doing extra chores (零工), but with the help of others, he has since raisedhundreds of thousands of dollars.His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money for cleanwater and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.23、Paragraph 1_24、 Paragraph 2_25、 Paragraph 3_26、 Paragraph 4_A.Provide Clean WaterB.Dig oil WellsC.Save Clean WaterD.Dont LitterE.Dont Be CrudeF.Protect Wildlife27、Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to_28、People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to_29、Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to_30、Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to_A.make new materialsB.preserve wetland and animalsC.have clean airD.have clean waterE.collect cigarette butteF.collect despoiled oil$pager$第一篇 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial Success, few nations can matchGermany. Since the 1940s, the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant streamof new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered(衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as theglobal economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of researchinstitutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. Buttoday the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role intechnology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over, These efforts are beingcomplemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without itscritics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science,eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research beingcuriosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. Others claim that many of theprogrammes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the smallbusinesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys researchnetworks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is thefourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for appliedtechnology, and has 59 institutes employing 12,000 people. It continues to grow. Last year, itswallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today,there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.What factor can be attributed to German prosperity_?A.Technology transfer.B.Good management.C.Hard work.D.Fierce competition.32、 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research_?A.It is free.B.It is profit-driven.C.It is widely availableD.It is curiosity-driven.33、 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in_A.AsiaB.USAC.EuropeD.Africa34、 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded_?A.In 1940.B.Last year.C.After the unification.D.In 1949.35、 The word expertise in line 3 could be best replaced by_A.experts,B.scientistsC.scholarsD.special knowledgeSuperconductor Ceramic (陶瓷) An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch,30,000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricitytransmitted by ice cold high performance cables. Other American cities are expected to followDetroits example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary becausethey are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity withlittle or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. Allcommon electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert atleast some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors dont.No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does.Making superconductors isnt easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newersuperconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material thatcontains copper, oxygen, bismuth (铋), strontium (锶), and calcium (钙). A ceramic is ahard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has beenfashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is super cold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where itconveys electricity with zero resistance.The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Becausecooled supercondUutors have no resistance, they waste much less power, other cities arewatching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable andconserve power, too.What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?A.With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted.B.Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables.C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.D.Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables37、 Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors_A.have little or no electrical resistanceB.Can be used for along timeC.are not energy-efficientD.can be made easily38、 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance_?A.-143 degree Celsius.B.-263 degree Celsius.C.As long as it is ice-cold.D.Absolute zero.39、 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature_?A.Copper.B.Liquid nitrogen.C.Clay.D.Calcium.40、 According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true_?A.Other cities hope they Can also conserve power.B.Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon.C.Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance.D.The Fribie experiment is not successful.The Science of the Future Until recently, the science of the future was supposed to be electronics and artificialintelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs intechnology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistryand genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic (合成的) materials. However,it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and alsoto absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near thecombination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we fred in the bodies of ordinary insects.Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in growing a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be biotech heartsand eyes which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by thebody, as is the case with organs from humans.The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In1996 the famous science-fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictionshave come true. He said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewablesources of energy. Some of these power sources will be biological. Clarke and others havewarned us repeatedly that sooner or later we wi/1 have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them alsomeans creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be impossible to meet the growingdemand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic (灾难性的) levels unlesswe develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other science of the future can solveour problems. Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power.Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise/imit/ess, cheap and safe energy. Today thosepromises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl, in the Ukraine.Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerousway.According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be_A.electronicsB.biotechnologyC.genetic engineeringD.nuclear technology42、 Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are_A.as good as woolB.as good as an insects bodyC.not as good as natural materialsD.better than natural materials43、 According to the passage, it may soon be possible_A.to make something as good as human skinB.to produce drugs without side effectsC.to transplant human organsD.to make artificial hearts and eyes44、 In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that_A.biological power sources would be put into use soon.B.oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future.C.dependence on non-renewable power sources would be reduced soon.D.the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years.45、 What do we learn from the last paragraph_?A.Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems.B.Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power.C.Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power.D.Biological power will keep all its promises.$pager$Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To mostpeople, it just doesnt seem logical. But it is logical, say expels, if you understand what Callhappen in a police interrogation (审讯) room. Under the right conditions, peoples