云飞专升本公共英语[1].doc

云飞专升本公共英语名词内容详析2011-03-26 11:02:19 来源: 作者:云飞专升本 【大 中 小】 浏览:14次 评论:0条 一、名词的单复数1大多数名词的复数形式，是在名词后加上-s或-es，特殊情况如下：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, ox-oxen, penny-pence, phenomenon-phenomena, synthesis-syntheses（综合；合成）, thesis-theses2有些名词只有单数形式，例如：advice, bread, food, fruit, furniture, homework, luggage, information, damage, knowledge, population, traffic, equipment3有些名词单复数同形，例如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, buffalo, shark4 有些名词常用复数形式，例如：clothes, customs, arms, glasses, goods, scissors, shoes, trousers, stockings, papers5 而news, means, whereabouts（行踪、下落）形式是复数，用作单数； police, people, poultry, cattle形式是单数，却用作复数。6 以-s结尾的学科、疾病名称看作是单数，例如：acoustics(声学), economics, electronics, mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, measles。二、名词作定语和复合名词作定语的名词一定用单数形式，常见的名词作定语和复合名词有：lunch time/ table lamp/ dress shop/ street lights/ traffic accident/ shoe shop/room number/ bus driver/blood type三、容易混淆名词总汇1. affair事务；绯闻incident偶发的事件accident事故event事变；事件2. altitude高度；海拔WBattitude态度；姿态3. analysis分析comment评论4. border边界margin页边空白5. base根基；基地basis根据；基础6. custom习俗customs海关7. contest 比赛；竞争context（文章）上下文8. conversation谈话；对话conservation保存；保护9. citizen市民；公民civilian平民；文职人员10. discount折扣account叙述；报导11. discovery发现invention发明12. fare (车、船)费fee学费；酬金 13. evolution发展；演变revolution革命14. habit习惯custom习俗；习惯hobby业余爱好15. award奖品；奖金reward报酬；报答prize 奖金；奖品16. produce农产品；土产品（没有复数）product工业产品或农业加工品production生产或文学制作品17. perspective透视图；远景prospect前途；展望18 person人（男女均可；强调数量）personality 个性；性格personnel人事的；全体人员；员工individual个人（相对于群体而言19. response反应reaction反应reflection反映20. signature签名sign标记；符号signal信号message信息；消息21. silence寂静calm平静peace安静22. source来源resource资源origin起源；开端；来历；出身23. statute法令；法规statue塑像；雕像status身份；社会地位stature身高；气质；才干24. trace痕迹track足迹；轨迹25 way一般的方式、方法method科学的有效方法manner礼貌；规矩approach （搭配to）方法；步骤；入口；通向26. machine指具体的机器（有单复数）machinery是机器的总称（没有复数）27. jewel指具体的珠宝（一般用复数）jewellery是珠宝的总称（没有复数）28. revenge (for)为报仇 average 平均的；一般的29. vacation 假期 vocation 职业30. base基地；根基 basis 的基础一、容易混淆动词总汇1. gather聚集；采集accumulate积累；蓄积collect收集assemble集合；组合2. inform通知inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事reform改革remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事3. assure 使人确信ensure确保某事发生guarantee保证promise答应；许诺confirm sb. of使人确信4. assume 假设；认为 resume重新开始；继续consume消费5. grant授予（某人）荣誉、奖励entitle授予（某人）权利award奖励；奖金enlist报名参加；从军6. adopt收养；采纳adapt to 适应7. apply to适用于；应用到apply for申请8. vary变化transfer 转移；调动alter使改动；使变动shift转嫁；转移9. raise(vt.) 举起；提起arouse(vt.) 唤醒；激起arise(vi.) 发生；出现rise(vi.)上涨；上升10. contribute to 有助于；滋长了attribute to归功于distribute to 分发devote to献身；奉献11. include包括（指部分）contain包含（指全部）；容纳involve意味着；涉及comprise由构成12. transport运输transmit传播；传染transform变形；形成transplant移植13. affect（动词）影响effect（名词）效果14. happen(vi)（偶然）发生occur出现；发生arise出现15. postpone推迟cancel取消refuse 拒绝16. interfere干预；干涉interrupt打断distract使人分心；分散注意力disturb打扰、妨碍某人17. restore 储存recover 康复18. scatter散落；散开spread传播；传开19. separatefrom把分开divideinto把分成20. distinguish/tellfrom 区分differ from不同于21. reduce减少induce劝说；引导deduce推断；推理22. compress压缩；压紧contract使收缩；缩短condense气体冷凝；凝结；使浓缩23. reveal暴露（身份、年龄等）expose把露在外面24. display陈列；展示exhibit展览present出席；到场25. exhaust使人疲惫consume消耗26. change改变；变化exchange交换replace代替二、容易混淆动词短语总汇HT1. add to增加；增进add to把加进add up相加 add up to总计；所有这一切说明2. break away from打破；脱离；挣脱；改掉break down出毛病；身体(精神)衰弱；分解；拆开break off暂停；中断break in强行进入；插话 break into闯入break into pieces成为碎片break out爆发break up捣碎；驱散；瓦解；学期结束；拆散break through突破3. bring up抚养；呕吐；提出bring about造成bring out拿出；出版bring in引入；引进；挣钱bring back使回想起bring down使下降；使倒下4. call on号召；拜访（某人）call at拜访、参观（某地）call for去叫某人；要求；需要call up使回忆起；征召入伍call in召集；请某人来call out大喊；高叫call off取消；不举行5. come about发生；出现come down下跌；落；降；传下来 come in进来come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) come on来临；快点 come out出版；结果是 come along一道来；赶快come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒；合计；总共是come over走过来come up发芽；走近come across偶然碰到 come back回想起come from来自；源自6. cut across抄近路cut down砍倒；削减 cut off切断；割掉；断绝关系 cut up连根拔除；切碎 through剪断；凿穿cut out删（省）掉；戒掉 cut in插嘴 7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感原因）die from死于（意外事故、情形）die away渐渐消逝die out绝种die down(炉火)渐熄die off逐一死去8. fall behind落后fall over ones feet 跌跤fall down掉下；跌倒 fall back撤退；后退9. go in for从事；喜爱；参加go through通过；经受 go over复习；检查go up（价格）上涨；建造起来go after追捕；追赶go against违反go ahead先行；开始吧；问吧；说吧go away离开go by时间过去go down下沉；降低；（日、月）西沉go on (with)继续进行go with相配；陪同go without没有；缺少go out外出；熄灭go all out全力以赴go off爆炸；进行；变坏；断电；停止供应go back on背约；食言go beyond超出10. get down下来；记下；使沮丧get down to致力于；专心于get on进展；进步；穿上；上车get off脱下；下车get in收集；插（话）get away逃跑；逃脱；去休假get over忘记；越过；克服；从疾病中恢复 get along with进展；相处get up起床get through打通电话；完成；通过 get round消息传开get close to sth. 接近；几乎get into (trouble) 陷入（麻烦）get to (know) 逐渐（知道）get back取回；收回11. give away赠送；泄露；出卖give out发出；疲劳；分发；公布 give off发出（光、热、气体）give in (to sb.) 屈服give up放弃；让（座位）12. hand in交上；提交hand out分发hand down流传；遗传13. hang about闲逛hang up挂电话14. hold back阻止；隐瞒 hold up举起；使停顿 hold on别挂电话；等等；坚持 hold out持续；坚持；伸出 hold down控制；镇压15. keep up (courage, spirits)保持（勇气、精神）keep up with跟上keep off (grass)不接近；离开 keep away from避开；不接近；离远远的keep out of 不让进入keep to (rules, promise)坚持、遵守（规则、诺言）keep on继续；坚持下来keep back阻止；留下；隐瞒；扣下keep from克制；阻止16. knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上knock down撞倒knock out of把敲出knock over撞倒 knock off停止工作；休息17. leave for离开前往leave out删去；遗漏 leave behind遗留；忘记拿走 leave to留给；遗嘱赠于leave over遗留；剩下；延期18. look up查找；向上看look through翻阅；浏览look on旁观look onas看作look into调查look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找look out(for)当心look about / around/round四下查看look down upon瞧不起look back upon回忆；回顾look ab. up and down仔细打量某人look sb in the face/eyes直视某人19. make up编造；配制；打扮；组成make up for弥补make into / of / from 制成make out弄懂；发现；看出；填写；开列（清单）make for走向；驶往；促使20. pass away去世pass by经过pass down(on)to传给pass through经历pass over漠视；忽视21. pay back还钱；报复pay for付钱；为受到惩罚；因得到报应pay off还清22. pick up拾起；获得(information)；接人；站起；收听；恢复、重获(pick up health)pick out挑选；辨认；看出23. put up搭起；张贴；举起；安装put up with忍受put out伸出；扑灭put off推迟put into放进；翻译put away放好；存钱put down记下；平息put on穿戴；上映；增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出；提前put through 接通电话put aside放到一边put back放回24. pull down拆掉；推翻pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脱pull in进站pull out取出；(火车)离站pull down往下拉；拆毁pull over（车）驶到一边pull through恢复健康；渡过难关,脱离险境pull up（使）停住25. push over推倒；刮倒push ahead (on, forward) 继续前进；坚持下去push through排除困难办好谋事；努力设法通过；挤过26. run across偶然碰到run after追逐；追捕run away逃跑run for竞选run into偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人）；相撞run out of用完27. see off送行see through看透；识破see to照料；照管28. send for派人去请send off送行send out发出（光亮）等send up发射29. set up建立set off出发；触发；引起 set out动身；着手(to do)；陈述 set about开始着手(doing) set to work(n.)开始做set back拨回；使推迟 30. take off脱掉；起飞take on呈现；雇佣take away拿走take in吸收；领会take up从事；占用（时间空间）take down记录；取下take back收回take for误认为take along随身带 take over接管take out拿出；带出31. think of想起think ofas把看作think out想出think up想出think about考虑think over仔细考虑 think well/highly of sb. 对某人看法好32. turn off / on打开turn over翻身；反复考虑；翻（书页）；翻转 turn out证明为；结果；制造成品turn to转向；求助turn down调低；拒绝 turn against变得敌视；反对turn away打发走；驱逐；转过脸去turn back返回；转回去turn round转过身来turn up向上翻；露面；出现；音量调大turn in上缴turn upside down把倒置；弄得乱七八糟词汇语法12011-03-26 14:14:11 来源: 作者:云飞专升本 【大 中 小】 浏览:18次 评论:0条 1. Lucille _B_ at the dance tonight, nor will Peter. A. cant be B. wont be C. may not be D. will be 2. No one can avoid B by advertisements which can be seen everywhere. A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influenced 3. The big room was almost empty D a table or two. A. besides B. except C. in addition to D. except for 4. Did you like the book I gave you? _A_ the novels that Ive read, I enjoyed this one the most. A. Of all B. All of C. For all D. From all 5. In spite of high divorce rate the _D_ of marriage remains popular. A. habit B. state C. practiced D. institution 6. The people who objected to the new approach were told that since work had already started, there was no point in C . A. denying B. protect C. protesting D. competing 7. His friends C him of having broken his words. A. denounced B. complained C. accused D. charged 8. The new power plant is reported _B_ within three years. A. having been completed B. to have been completed C. to have completed D. to complete 9. We have not fixed the date _C_ we shall start our holidays. A. and B. that C. when D. which 10. Without air, _A_ no wind or rain. A. there would be B. there will be C. there have been D. there is 11. Its important to locate industries in areas where a supply of raw materials is _B_. A. preferable B. available C. dependable D. favorable 12. I think life is generally healthier in the country and I like C to nature. A. being closed B. to be closed C. being close D. to close 13. All parts of the house A the windows were in good condition. A. other than B. rather than C. no more than D. better than 14. The reason B Im writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday. A. because B. why C. for D. as 15. We are late. I expect the film C by the time we get to the cinema. A. will already have started B. would already have started C. will have already started D. has already been started 16. I suppose you couldnt let me borrow your car this evening, B ？ A. couldnt I B. could you C. dont I D. will you 17. With the help of a metal detector, the team discovered that wreckage lay scattered over a 2,000-square-feet area, often B beneath sand and seaweed. A. burying B. buried C. bury D. was buried 18. In reading stories we anticipate what is to come A on our memory of what has gone before. A. based B. basing C. to base D. to be based 19. I chose a small room with the window B the street. A. faces B. facing C. faced D. to face 20. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, A is often the case in other countries. A. as B. what C. so D. that 21. The old lady is very B the Partys consideration. A. grateful to B. grateful for C. gratified at D. gracious to 22. Sometimes we are asked C we think the likely result of an action will be. A. that B. whether C. what D. which 23. While watching television, C . A. the doorbell rang B. the bell of the door was ringing C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we rang the doorbell 24. I hope you wont mind D you the truth. A. being told B. to be telling C. telling D. my telling 25. His doctor insists D for a few days. A. that he is resting B. his resting C. him to rest D. that he rest 26. There wasnt much snow last winter so people couldnt go A except in the mountains. A. skiing B. to ski C. skied D. having skied 27. I will go home for the vacation as soon as I D my exams. A. will finish B. finished C. am finishing D. have finished 28. C it is youve found, you must give it back to the owner of it. A. Whichever B. What C. Whatever D. Which 29. The lower interest rates fall, C for larger items such as cars and house. A. more consumers shop B. there are more consumer shopping C. the more consumers shop D. consumers shop more 30. “Do you like being married?” “Yes, but Im not used C every night.” A. to cook B. cooking C. to cooking D. to have cooked 31. There wont be any concert this Saturday evening, B ? A will there not B will there C is there D will it be 32. Some people prefer classical music, but D prefer rock music. A. other B. the other C. an others D. others 33. Margaret spent all the evening talking about her latest book D none of us had ever heard. A. that B. which C. of what D. of which 34. D the 1500s the first European explored the coast of California. A. It was not until., when B. It is not until., when C. It is until., that D. It was not until., that 35. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them A every night this week. A. practice B. practiced C. to practice D. the practice 36. Paul was very eager to see the star singer, and therefore he arrived at the spot of meeting an hour _C_ of schedule. A. in advance B. in front C. ahead D. in excess 37. What matters D not winning but participating. A. are B. to be C. was D. is 38. It is clever B_her to turn his argument against him. A. for B. of C. by D. with 39. Tom gets along well with me though he is _A_ to me in rank. A. superior B. colleague C. superman D. junior 40. He prefers_B interesting books to _TV in the evening. A. to read, watching B. reading, watching C. reading, watch D. to read, watch 41. In the course of a day students do far more than just A classes. A. attend B. attended C. to attend D. attending 42. She is deeply attached_A_ her father. A. to B. on C. with D. for 43. I consider it an honor to_C_ study here. A. to permit B. being permitted C. to have been permitted D. to have permitted 44. His integrity is_C , which earns him a good reputation. A. out of the question B. without the question C. without question D. in question 45. It is not easy to learn English well but if you _C_, you will succeed in the end. A. hang up B. hang about C. hang on D. hang onto 46. What he did is D_what he said to us. He didnt keep his promise. A. just B. related C. nothing but D. contrary to 47. Ill take this opportunity to roam about the streets, _A_to get in touch with the local people, . A. so to speak B. so as to C. as a matter of fact D. as a result 48. On the Wednesday C_her visit, we went to see the poor old lady in the countryside. A. to be followed B. having followed C. following D. to have been followed 49. Its time to C_talking and to start acting. A. leave out B. leave behind C. leave off D. leave alone 50. That widely spread news B_ a rumor. A. proved being B. proved C. were proved D. was proved that 51. That was the second time that I B_ to China. A. went B. had been C. would go D. will go 52. A with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing 53. John promised to keep his mother C of how things were going on when he studied in England. A. to be informed B. to inform C. informed D. informing 54. When he learned of the usefulness of foreign languages, he A_ studying English with great zeal. A. took to B. took on C. took in D. took over 55. While we try to develop traditional friendship with other countries, we have t