基础语法-状语从句.doc

Adverbial Clause1 时间状语从句：when/while/as/wheneveras soon as/immediately/directly/the moment/no soonerthan/hardlywhen/once/till/untilevery time/each time/the first (second/third) timebefore/after/since2 原因状语从句: because/as/for/since/now that/considering thatbecause of/thanks to/due to/owing to3 条件状语从句: if/unless/so long as/in case/on condition that4 地点状语从句: where/wherever5 让步状语从句: although/though/even though/even if As引导让步状语从句，倒装。6 目的状语从句: so that/in order that/for fear that/in case7 结果状语从句： so that/ sothat/suchthat8 方式状语从句: as/as lf/as/though9 比较状语从句: asas/not soas/than/the morethe more例句：I. Adverbial Clause of Time. 1) When he comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. Henry is in charge of the office when Mr. Smith is away. 2) While he was walking in the street, he met Tim. (分词短语） While walking in the street, he met Tim. Walking in the street, he met Tom. He learned to speak English while he was here. I like tea while she likes coffee. (注意：此处while是连词表示转折) 3) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily. She sang as she worked. 注意：as 在表示变化、过程时具有特殊意义，译为“一边.一边, 随着”，因而在这些情况下只能用as来引导时间装状语从句。如： As the economy develops, peoples lives are becoming better and better. 4) It wont be long before he finishes his writing. 5) After he (had) finished his work, he left there He (had) finished his work before he left here. After finishing his work, he left here. Having finished his work, he left here. 6) I have known him ever since he was a boy. I have worked here since I graduated from the university. It is (has been) two years since he came here. 7) He will not go to bed until (till) his mother comes. Until she told me, I had no idea of what they had said. It is not until his mother comes home that he will go to bed. (强调结构） 8) As soon as she got home, she began to cook. 9) Every time/each time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. There was an applause the moment (as soon as) she appeared on the stage. 10) By the time he arrived, the train had already gone. By the time he comes, we will already have left.II. Adverbial Clauses of Reason 1) The ship changed its course because there was a storm. 2) Since you are ill, youd better go to see the doctor. 3) As Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others. 4) Now that class is over, lets go to play football. 5) He must be ill, for he is absent today.III. Adverbial Clauses of Condition 1) If you work harder, you will succeed 2) We cant write to Mary unless she tells us her address. 3) I will never give up learning as long as I live. 4) Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it tidy. (条件是) 5) Youd better take your raincoat with you in case it rains.（万一, =it should rain）IV. Adverbial Clauses of Place 1) Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you. 2) I want you to put the gun where it used to be.V. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 1) They set out early so that (in order that) they might arrive there in time. 2) They set out early for fear that they might miss the train. 3) Youd better take your raincoat with you in case it rains.（万一）VI. Adverbial Clauses of Result 1) It is so good a story that Ill never forget it. It is such a good story that Ill never forget it. 2) so + many/few + 复数名词+that clause much/little+不可数名词 He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family. he is so little a boy that he cant even speak. (注意对比little的不同含义)VII. Adverbial Clauses of Comparison 1) He doesnt work so hard as you do. 2) There is as much ink in bottle A as in bottle B. 3) The more you worry, the less youll succeed. 4) Gold is much heavier than any other metal.VIII. Adverbial Clauses of concession (让步状语从句） 1) Although (Though) he is old, he works hard. 2) Even though (even if) you say so, I dont believe it. (即使 ) 3) Difficult as the work is, well finish it on time. Though the work is difficult, well finish it on time. 4) Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.IX. Adverb Clauses of Manner 1) You must try to do as I did. 2) Lets do as Mrs. Li teaches us. 3) He talks as if he knew all about it. (好像)由as, though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：1. 表语的倒装： Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Old as I am, I can still fight. Tall as / though he was, he couldnt reach the top shelf. Difficult though the task was, they managed to accomplish it in time. 注意：如果此时表语是单数的可数名词，倒装后应省略冠词，如 Boy as he is, he knows a lot. Old man though he was, he could run faster than a young man. 2. 状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it. Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.3. 谓语动词的倒装： Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it.) Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam. Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness. Search as they would, they could find nothing in the room.Past Participle used as Adverbial 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情况，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。1Confused （表原因）by the stones flying at them from all sides, the boys ran into the building. Separated at birth, the twins do not know each other.2Once seen (表时间), it can never be forgotten. Questioned about the murder, he came tense.3Given (表条件) more water, the fish couldnt die. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.4Even though defeated (表让步) again, the scientist didnt give up.5. Seen (表方式) from a spaceship, the earth looks like a blue green white ball.6She walked out of the house, followed (表伴随) by her little daughter. He turned away disappointed.连词加分词作状语有时分词可以用连词加以强调。连词while常接现在分词；when接现在分词或过去分词均可；once, if, though, although, even if, even though, unless, than, as (像)等后面只能接过去分词。When traveling, you should take care of yourself. When told of the news, she got very excited.Dont reach sideway while standing on a ladder. I wont go to the party unless invited.I wonder why he didnt do the experiment as told to. Though surrounded, they didnt give up.现在分词与过去分词作状语时需要注意的事项：1） 过去分词或现在分词作状语的时候，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语。l 从山顶上看，这座城市非常美丽。状语从句作状语 （从句和主句可以有不同的主语）If you see from the hill, the city is beautiful. When you see from the hill, the city is beautiful.过去分词短语作状语Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful. Seeing from the hill, you can see the city is beautiful.l 把水加热到100度，谁就沸腾了。状语从句作状语If/When (it is) heated to 100, water will boil. (从句与主句的主语一致)If/When we heat it to 100, water will boil. (从句与主句的主语不同)过去分词短语作状语Heated to 100, water will boil. Heated to 100, water boils. (讲述的是自然现象)專項練習：1. He left in _a hurry _he forgot to lock the door.A. such, that B. so, that C. such, as D. so, when2. It was _ a hundred people looked lost in it.A. so large a room that B. so large roomC. a such large room D. such large a room3. The Principal got to the platform and sat down, _to answer the questions. A. preparing B. being preparing C . prepared D . to prepare4. -Why did you move the table over there? - _ the new sofa.A. To make room for B. Share room with C. Given room to D. Saving room for5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept6. I prefer_ to _. A. to drive, rather than being driven B. to drive, be driven C. drive, being driven D. driving, being driven7. “Do you have anything _ to your son? Im going to Beijing. A. to take B. to be taken C. taken D. to bring8. They advised us _tie machine immediately. A. to set about making B. setting about to makeC. setting about making D. to set about to make9. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. since B. so that C. for D. because10.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told11.With a lot of problems _, the newly- elected president is having a hard time. A. settle B. settling C. to settle D. being settled12. - You should have thanked her before you left.- I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so13. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 14. You like sports Id like to read.AwhenBwhileCbut Dyet15. we were singing, the teacher came in.ABeforeBafterCAsDUntil16. I was about to leave my house the phone rang.AwhileB whenCasDafter17. They did not stop fighting there was no enemy left.AuntilBafterCwhenDsince18. I have not seen him he went to college.Awhen BbeforeCasDsince19. It is five days we came here.AwhenBbeforeCasDsince20. It was not long he got to know it.AwhenBbeforeCafterDuntil21. We shall go we are free.AwheneverBwhateverCwhereverDhowever22. I live I must serve the people heart and soul.AWhenBSo long asCAs soon asDOn condition23. I was reading a novel he was watching TV.AwhenBwhileCbeforeDas24. Put the medicine you can easily get it.Aso that BwhereCwhichDthere25. We will go the Party wants us to go.AwhereverBthereCto the placeDwhich26. there is a will there is a way.AWhenBWhereCWhetherDHow 27. I am going you went last week.AwhereBwhereverCwhenDthe place28. you go , you should bear the motherland in your mind.AWhereBWhereverCWhateverDHowever 29. weather permits, well have an outing.AFor BThoughCWhileDIf30. You wont succeed