英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时教学设计

现在完成时教案设计学科英语学校德惠市第三中学教师谷瑞秋年级 八年四班知识点1.现在完成时的构成2.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别3.现在完成时中动词延续性的用法教学目标1.掌握现在完成时的构成：肯定句：主语+has/have +动词过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+has/have+not +动词过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Yes,主语+ has/have. No, 主语+has/have+not.2.掌握常用的现在完成时和一般过去时的时间状语.3.掌握常用瞬间动词和延续性动词的转换，例如：buyhave borrowkeep leave-be away go out-be out 教学重点1.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别.2.现在完成时中动词的延续性.3.现在完成时常用的时间状语.教学难点1.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别.2.现在完成时中动词的延续性.教学过程一.复习预习1. 引入：I have read the book twice. Read 动作发生在过去.2. 现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响.3. 现在完成时结构中have/has的作用：通过do/does的词推导出have/has的用法.二.现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。肯定句：主语+has/have +动词过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+has/have+not +动词过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Yes,主语+ has/have. No, 主语+has/have+not. 三 .现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作 对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以 表达这种含义：（1）以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经 ，刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。（2）以ever和never为标志 ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。 This is the best film I have ever seen. （3）以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次， 则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 （4）以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 4.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。 “终止”、“延续”要转换 英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性，应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如： “Cats” has been on for half an hour.猫已经开演半个小时了。 How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了? 初中阶段常见的有：comebe, go outbe out, leavebe away (from), beginbe on, buyhave, borrowkeep, joinbe a member / 介词短语, diebe dead, becomebe, open (v.)be open (adj.) 等。 5. 时间“点”、“段”须分清 过去开始的动作可以延续到某一点结束，也可能继续延续，这时就要根据时间“点”、“段”选择相应的介词for或since。如： He has been away for two years. 他已走了两年。(for +时间段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。 (since +过去某一时刻) 6 . 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for , since 等开头的表示一段时间的 状语连用。7. 不能说: *She has come to Shanghai for two years. *She has bought that book for three weeks. *Her grandpa has died for nine months.可以说:She has been in Shanghai for two years. She has had that book for three weeks. Her grandpa has been dead for nine months.或者说：It is two years since she came to Shanghai. It is three weeks since she bought that book.It is nine months since her grandpa died. 8. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Shanghai. (He went to Shanghai and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去上海了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。9. 在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在现, 不能是具体的过去时间。( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.e.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.10.练习 1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.1. I _heard of that story before.A. dont have B. not have C. have not D. not to have2. She s never been to that factory,_?A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she3. Have you made dumplings_? No, I havent.A. just now B. yesterday C.