2010年高考英语动词语态语法专题

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/122010年高考英语动词语态语法专题2010年高考风向标英语第二部分语法专题专题十一动词的语态1被动语态的时态。动词的被动语态由动词BE加上过去分词构成，时态通过BE表现出来。ALIBRARYWITHFIVETHOUSANDBOOKSISOFFEREDTOTHENATIONASAGIFT一所藏书五千册的图书馆作为礼物被送与国家。THESPORTSMEETWILLBEPUTOFFBECAUSEOFTHEBADWEATHER因为糟糕的天气运动会将被延期。WHENTHEFIREFIGHTERSARRIVED,THEBIGFIREHADBEENPUTOUT当消防员赶到时，大火已经被扑灭。2短语动词的被动语态。由“动词副词介词”构成的三词动词和一些以介词结尾的成语动词变被动语态时要避免遗漏介词。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/12THEBOOKISOFTENREFERREDTO这本书经常被参考。3不及物动词没有被动语态。例如APPEAR，ARRIVE,BELONG,BREAK开始，突变，COMETRUE，DIE，ESCAPE，FALL，HAPPEN，LAST，REMAIN，SUCCEED，TAKEPLACE，OCCUR等。THENEWSQUICKLYSPREADINTHECOUNTRY消息很快传遍这个国家。4有些动词尽管是及物动词但也不能变为被动语态。如HAVEON，AGREEWITH，WRITETO，BELONGTO，HAVE等。IQUITEAGREEWITHYOU我十分同意你的观点。HISBROTHEROWNSALARGECOMPANY他的兄弟有家大公司。5有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词是一些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词。如SELL，WASH，WEAR，SHUT，OPEN，READ，WRITE，CUT，END，BEGIN等；连系动词LOOK，FEEL，TASTE，SMELL，SOUND等，也是用主动形式表示被动意义，但后面要接形容词做表语,不能接副词。THECLOTHLOOKSGOODANDWASHESWELL这种布料美观易洗。6有些动词形式上是被动的，但含义是主动的。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/12HEWASDRESSEDINAPOLICEMANSCLOTHESATTHATTIME他当时穿着警服。HEWASDRUNKATTHEDINNER他在宴会上喝醉了。THEGIRLWASLOSTINTHEFOREST这女孩在森林中迷路了。MYUNCLEHASBEENENGAGEDINTHESTUDYOFCOTTONGROWINGFOR20YEARS我叔叔从事棉花生产研究已经20年了。THEBOYWASSEATEDONACHAIR那男孩坐在一把椅子上。THEYAREHIDDENBEHINDTHETREES他们躲藏在树后。THESOLDIERSWERESTATIONEDONTHETOPOFTHEMOUNTAIN士兵们驻扎在山顶上。7注意系表结构和被动语态的区别。前者往往表示主语所处的“某种状态”或是表示“某人引起某种感情”的动词的过去分词；后者则强调动作的执行者或强调动作的反复性过程。直击高考1HOWLONG_ATTHISJOBSINCE19902003北京AWEREYOUEMPLOYEDBHAVEYOUBEENEMPLOYED精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/12CHADYOUBEENEMPLOYEDDWILLYOUBEEMPLOYED2WHATHAPPENEDTOTHEPRICELESSWORKSOFART_2003北京ATHEYWEREDESTROYEDINTHEEARTHQUAKEBTHEEARTHQUAKEWASDESTROYINGTHEMCTHEYDESTROYEDINTHEEARTHQUAKEDTHEEARTHQUAKEDESTROYEDTHEM3IFCITYNOISES_FROMINCREASING,PEOPLE_SHOUTTOBEHEARDEVENATTHEDINNERTABLE20YEARSFROMNOWMET1992AARENOTKEPTWILLHAVETOBARENOTKEPTHAVETOCDONOTKEEPWILLHAVETODDONOTKEEPHAVETO4DOYOULIKETHEMATERIALYES,IT_VERYSOFTMET1994AISFEELINGBFELTCFEELSDISFELT5INEEDONEMORESTAMPBEFOREMYCOLLECTION_MET1994AHASCOMPLETEDBCOMPLETESCHASBEENCOMPLETEDDISCOMPLETED6ALLTHEPREPARATIONSFORTHETASK_,ANDWEREREADYTO精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/12STARTNMET2000春ACOMPLETEDBCOMPLETECHADBEENCOMPLETEDDHAVEBEENCOMPLETED7HUNDREDSOFJOBS_IFTHEFACTORYCLOSESNMET2001春ALOSEBWILLBELOSTCARELOSTDWILLLOSE8ANEWCINEMA_HERETHEYHOPETOFINISHITNEXTMONTHNMET2001春AWILLBEBUILTBISBUILTCHASBEENBUILTDISBEINGBUILT答案与分析1B从答语SINCE1990我们可以知道，说话人问的是一段时间，SINCE表示“从过去一直到现在”，因此本空用现在完成时。2A本题考查时态语态与习惯表达。第一个说话人问的是发生在THEPRICELESSWORKSOFART的事情，因此回答时为了有所侧重，将THEY放在主语的位置上，THEY与DESTROY间为被动关系，在这里叙述过去的事情，因此最佳答案是A。3A在真实条件状语从句中，主句应用一般将来时，从精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/12句用一般现在时。还要注意CITYNOISES和KEEP是被动关系4C从形式上看，该句很像是被动语态，结果选D的考生有一些。而实际上FEEL是摸起来的意思，与后面的SOFT是系表结构。作为此意讲时，FEEL没有被动语态，也不可用作进行时，故A、D、B项不可选。本题区分度为0357，通过率为35。5D该题的考查目标是时间状语从句中时态和语态的用法。从原题的主句时态看出，从句中应该用一般现在时。而COMPLETE与COLLECTION构成动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故D最佳。本题区分度为0451，通过率为4L。6DALLTHEPREPARATIONS与COMPLETE之间应为被动关系，故排除A、B。依据WEREREADYTOSTART，故排除C。7B此题是在IF引起一个状语从句中，从句用现在时，主句中用一般将来时，而且句意为被动，故B为最佳。8D从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设之中，而且是被动语态，故D为最佳。专项训练1AFTERTHECLASS，THESTUDENTSWENTOUTOFTHECLASSROOMONEBYONE,BUTONLYMARY_精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/12ALEFTBHADLEFTCWASLEAVINGDWASLEFT2THETEACHERTOLDTHESTUDENTSTHATTHEY_TOBEUSEFULMENTOTHECOUNTRYAWEREALLEXPECTEDBWEREALLEXPECTINGCALLWEREEXPECTEDDALLEXPECTED3HE_INASHOWERLASTNIGHTANDGOTWETTHROUGHACAUGHTBWASCAUGHTCHADCAUGHTDCAUGHTUP4THETHIEF_WHENHEWASSTEALINGAWALLETFROMAWOMANAHAPPENEDTONOTICEBWASTAKENPLACETONOTICECWASHAPPENEDTOBENOTICEDDHAPPENEDTOBENOTICED5HE_ANDWASMADETOREPEATITADIDNTUNDERSTANDBDIDNTBEUNDERSTOODCWASNTUNDERSTANDDWASNTUNDERSTOOD6THEPUPILSHERE_ALLKINDSOFEXERCISESEVERYDAYINTHEPASTFEWWEEKSAKEPTBUSYDOINGBKEEPONDOINGCHAVEKEPTBUSYDOINGDHAVEBEENKEPTBUSYDOING7WHATWEREYOUDOINGWHENTOMCAMETOSEEYOUI_ONMYOVERCOATAND_TOVISITAFRIENDOFMINEAHAVEJUSTPUTLEAVINGBWASPUTWASLEFT精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/12CHADJUSTPUTWASLEAVINGDWASPUTTINGLEFT8THEYSAIDGOODBYE,HARDLYKNOWINGTHATTHEY_AGAINAWERENEVERMETBWILLNEVERMEETCNEVERMETDWERENEVERTOMEET9WHATHAPPENEDTOTHEPOSTMANIDONTKNOWHE_AROUNDHEREFORALONGTIMEAHASNTSEENBDIDNTSEECWASNTSEENDHASNTBEENSEEN10DONTGETTHATINKONYOURSHIRT,FORIT_AWONTWASHOUTBWONTBEWASHEDOUTCISNTWASHEDOUTDDOESNTWASHAWAY11DOYOUKNOWANYONEINPARISNOILLMAKEFRIENDSONCE_AIMSETTLEDBIHAVESETTLEDCILLBESETTLEDDIMSETTLING12NOTHAVINGFINISHEDHISHOMEWORK,_TOWATCHTVAMOTHERFORBADEHIMBSOHEWASFORBIDDENCANDHEWANTEDD精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创9/12HEWASFORBIDDEN13BOB,YOU_ONTHEPHONE_AARENEEDEDIMCOMINGBAREWANTEDCOMINGCARECALLEDILLCOMEDARERUNGUPTHANKS14EMAIL,ASWELLASTELEPHONES,_ANIMPORTANTPARTINDAILYCOMMUNICATIONAISBEINGPLAYEDBAREPLAYINGCHAVEPLAYEDDISPLAYING15JACKSON_TOWORKINGOVERNMENTOFFICETHOUGHHEHATEDSERVINGTHEREAWANTEDBWASWANTEDCWASWANTINGDHADWANTED16YOURCOUGHOUGHT_BEFOREITGETSWORSEATOSEEBTOBESEENCTOSEETODTOBESEENTO17IMGOINGAWAYFORTHEWEEKENDBUTYOU_YOU_OUTTODINNERWITHMEASAYWILLCOMEBSAYCAMECSAIDWOULDCOMEDHAVESAIDWILLMADE18IDONTKNOWWHATDECISIONS_ATTHECONFERENCEASJOH精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创10/12NHASNTREPORTEDTOMEYETAWOULDMAKEBWILLMAKECAREMADEDWEREMADE19WOULDYOUHAVECOMETOHISHELP,HADYOUBEENFREEYESBUTI_ENGAGEDAWASBWERECHADBEENDWOULDBE20ALLTHEPREPARATIONSFORTHETASK_,ANDWEREREADYTOSTARTACOMPLETEDBCOMPLETECHADBEENCOMPLETEDDHAVEBEENCOMPLETED答案与分析1DLEAVE既可作“离开”解，又可作“留下”解。本题明显含有“MARY被留在教室里BYTHETEACHER”之意。2A此句用被动语态，表示“他们被期待、被指望”，ALL常置于BE动词或第一个助动词之后。3B表示“淋雨”、“碰上阵雨”时，若“雨”作主语，用主动形式，动词用CATCH；若“人”作主语，则用BECAUGHTIN结构。4DHAPPEN，TAKEPLACE不用于被动语态，但HAPPENTO碰巧之后的不定式可以用被动语态。本题的NOTICE与主语THIEF是动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创11/125D从HEWASMADETOREPEATIT可推断他的话未被理解，故用被动形式。6DKEEPSBBUSYDOINGSSTH表示“使某人忙于”，完成时的被动形式应为HAVEBEENKEPTBUSYDOINGSTH。7C前个动作在“TOM来看”时已完成，后一个正要去做。8DWEREWASTODOSTH表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事。9D从时间状语FORALONGTIME可知，到说话时为止长时间没见到邮递员了。故用现在完成时态的被动