精品解析：上海市杨浦区2018-2019学年高三上学期期中英语试题（解析版）

杨浦区2018学年度第一学期高三期中考试英语学科试卷. Grammar and VocabularyDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to fight gaming problemIf youre a gamer constantly _1_ (glue) to your phone, it could be time to ask for medical help. On June 18, the WHO officially listed “gaming disorder” _2_ a mental illness, like drug or gambling addiction.Video gaming is like a non-financial kind of gambling from a psychological point of view. Gamblers use money as a way of keeping score, _3_ gamers use points.However, playing your favorite game every now and then is no reason to be worried. People need to understand this doesnt mean every child who spends hours playing games _4_ (be) an addict, otherwise doctors _5_(flood) with requests for help.But according to the WHO, _6_ you lose control over your gaming habits and put gaming above everything else in life, you should be prepared to face serious problems. According to a study published by China Youth Day in July, about one in five young Chinese play online video games for at least four to five hours per day.Thankfully, measures have been taken _7_ (address) the problem. In April, the Ministry of Education issued a notice asking Chinese schools and parents to prevent students from becoming addicted to the Internet and games.Other countries have also taken action. In 2011, South Korea passed a “shutdown law” to stop children under the age of 16 from playing video games between the hours of midnight and 6 am. Meanwhile, in Japan, some mobile phones have a special mode for children _8_ lets their parents control what games they can download and _9_ they can play them for. In the United States, the Entertainment Software Rating Board, a nonprofit organization, puts age restrictions on most games, _10_(mean) the children under a certain age are unable to buy them.【答案】1. glued 2. as 3. while 4. is 5. will be flooded 6. if 7. to address 8. that /which 9. how long 10. meaning【解析】这是一篇说明文。如果你是一名游戏玩家，总是沉迷于手机，那么是时候寻求医疗帮助了。6月18日，世界卫生组织正式将“游戏障碍”列为一种精神疾病，如吸毒或赌博成瘾。中国已经采取了措施来解决这个问题。其他国家也采取了一定的行动。文章对此进行了介绍说明。【1题详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你是一名游戏玩家，总是沉迷于手机，那么是时候寻求医疗帮助了。be glued to“全神贯注看着某物”，是固定短语。故填glued。【2题详解】考查介词。句意：6月18日，世界卫生组织正式将“游戏障碍”列为一种精神疾病，如吸毒或赌博成瘾。as“作为”。故填as。【3题详解】考查连词。句意：赌徒用金钱来记分，而游戏玩家用分数。根据句意，此处应使用连词while“然而”，表示对比。故填while。4题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：人们需要明白，这并不意味着每个花几个小时玩游戏的孩子都是瘾君子。分析句子可知，mean后是省略了that的宾语从句，主语是every child，who引导定语从句，修饰child，be是谓语动词，与every child保持一致，描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。【5题详解】考查时态。句意：否则医生会收到大量的求助请求。be flooded with“充满”，根据句意此处描述的是将来的动作，应使用一般将来时。故填will be flooded。【6题详解】考查连词。句意：但是根据世界卫生组织的说法，如果你对自己的游戏习惯失去控制，把游戏放在生活的首位，你应该准备好面对严重的问题。根据句意可知，此处应使用连词if“如果”引导从句。故填if。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：值得庆幸的是，已经采取了措施去解决这个问题。根据句意及句子结构分析可知，此处应使用不定式，表目的。故填to address。【8题详解】考查定语从句。句意：与此同时，在日本，一些手机为孩子们提供了一种特殊的模式让他们的父母控制他们可以下载什么游戏。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词是a special mode，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。【9题详解】考查特殊疑问词。句意：让他们的父母控制他们可以下载什么游戏以及玩多久游戏。根据语境可知，此处应表示玩游戏的时间长度，应使用特殊疑问词how long“多久”。故填how long。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国，非营利组织娱乐软件评级委员会(Entertainment Software Rating Board)对大多数游戏都有年龄限制，这意味着不到一定年龄的儿童无法购买。谓语动词是puts，mean用非谓语动词，与逻辑主语age restrictions构成逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表主动。故填meaning。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.College degrees still necessary?Were often told that if we cant graduate from university, were unlikely to land a good job. However, some big-name companies say that you dont need a college degree to do well in life.According to a list released by job review platform Glassdoor in August, a total of 15 famous companies have _11_ college degrees as a requirement for some of their jobs, including Apple, Google, IBM, and Starbucks.The phenomenon of requiring a college degree for a position that actually doesnt need it is called degree inflation(膨胀),according to Forbes. About 6 million jobs in the US are potentially _12_ to degree inflation, according to a report released by Harvard Business School in 2017.This is because many employers regard having a college degree as equal to _13_ a variety of soft skills.“Especially at a time when recruiters (招聘人员) complain that workers lack _14_ soft skills-the ability to solve problems, work in teams and communicate-college is seen as the place that develops such abilities,” Jeffrey J. Selingo, a professor of practice at Arizona State University, US, wrote on The Washington Post.However, for some companies, a college degree doesnt _15_ that an applicant is a good performer.“They did some research and they saw that the individual strengths and future _16_ rather than the academic performance of those they hired were a greater _17_ of success in working at the firm,” Larry Nash, EYs US director of recruiting, told Fast Company. EY, a UK-based finance company, dropped the requirement for a college degree when seeking hires in the UK in 2015.Meanwhile, in many tech sector positions, _18_courses and on-the-job experience are more meaningful than a college degree, Ginni Rometty, CEO of IBM, told Quartz.However, this doesnt mean a college degree is completely useless. Indeed, a college degree is still considered when _19_ a job candidate, but it “no longer acts as a _20_ to getting a foot in the door,” Maggie Stilwell, a recruitment expert at EY, told HuffPost.For some companies recent college graduates are no better than people who learned the same skills by themselves. As Quartz put it “What a person knows is more important than how they learned it.”【答案】11. G 12. B 13. A 14. K 15. D 16. I 17. C 18. E 19. F 20. H【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。大学学位仍然有必要吗？一些著名的公司包括苹果、谷歌、IBM和星巴克在内的15家知名公司已经取消了部分工作对大学学位的要求。大学学位在评估求职者时仍被考虑，但它“不再是踏入职场的门槛”。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：包括苹果、谷歌、IBM和星巴克在内的15家知名公司已经取消了部分工作对大学学位的要求。根据上文However, some big-name companies say that you dont need a college degree to do well in life.可知，一些著名的公司不再要求员工要有大学学历了，此处应指取消了部分工作对大学学位的要求。abandon“取消”，根据空前have可知，此处应使过去分词，构成现在完成时。故G选项正确12题详解】考查形容词。句意：哈佛商学院(Harvard Business School) 2017年发布的一份报告显示，美国约有600万个工作岗位可能会受到学历通胀的影响。根据下文This is because many employers regard having a college degree as equal to _3_ a variety of soft skills.可知，此处指一些工作可能会受到学历通胀的影响。subject“易遭受的；受支配的”。故B选项正确。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：这是因为许多雇主认为拥有大学学位等同于拥有各种软技能。equal to“等于”，to是介词，possess“拥有”，故应使用现在分词。故A选项正确。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：尤其是在招聘人员抱怨员工缺乏关键的软技能解决问题的能力、团队合作能力和沟通能力的时候，大学被视为培养这些能力的地方。根据句意可知，此处应使用形容词critical“至关重要的，决定性的”。故K选项正确。【15题详解】考查动词。句意：然而，对于一些公司来说，大学学位并不能保证应聘者表现良好。根据句意可知，此处应使用动词guarantee“保证”。故D选项正确。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们做了一些调查，发现他们聘用的员工的个人优势和未来潜力，而不是学习成绩。根据句意可知，此处应使用形容词potential“潜在的”。故I选项正确。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：衡量他们在公司工作是否成功的更大指标。根据句意可知，此处应使用名词indicator“指标”。故C选项正确。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：与此同时，在许多科技行业的职位上，职业课程和在职经历比大学学位更有意义。根据句意可知，此处应使用形容词vocational“职业的”。故E选项正确。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：的确，大学学位在评估求职者时仍被考虑。assess“评估”，此处是it is assessing的省略式，省略了it is。故F选项正确。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：不再是踏入职场的门槛。根据句意可知，此处应使用名词barrier“障碍物，屏障”。故H选项正确。【点睛】状语从句的省略：状语从句同时具备下列两个条件：主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .当博物馆完成，该博物馆将于明年向公众开放。Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.如果可能，他将去海边度假的话本文中的第9小题就属于时间状语从句的省略。. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This summer we said goodbye to unnecessary plastic waste. Starbucks committed to _21_ plastic straws in all locations by 2020, IKEA banned all single-use plastics from its stores, and entire cities banned the use of plastic bags and straws. And now we have one more thing to add to our consciousness-raising list: People are starting to understand the _22_ of contact lenses（隐形眼镜）.According to a new research out of the American Chemical Society, 20 percent of people who wear contact lenses throw them away in the toilet or sink. But as medical _23_, contact lenses are specifically designed to be resistant in touch environments, and _24_ they dont biodegrade easily. Throwing contact lenses into toilet is particularly concerning because their size and _25_ allow them to slip through filters（过滤器）meant to keep non-biological waste out of wastewater treatment plants.The study found that the chemical and mechanical processing at these treatment facilities were unable to _26_ break down contact lenses, leaving them as part of the treated water. Post-treatment wastewater is typically spread on fields, where contact lenses can make their way into surface water and cause environmental damage.It may seem like a small thing, but with over 45 million contact _27_ in the United States, all that plastic adds up. We are talking about 22 tons of contact lenses being improperly thrown away every year here, unnecessarily adding to the hundreds of thousands of tons of microplastics _28_ in our oceans.So what is the right way to throw away contact lenses?It turns out that properly dealing with contact lenses is pretty _29_. One option is to throw them in the garbage. While this will keep them out of our water _30_, it sends them to landfillwhich is not really any better. Unfortunately, you cant just throw your contacts in the recycling bin and call it a day, either. Due to their size and packaging materials, recycling facilities typically cannot _31_ contact lens processing, so they go to landfills. In order to actually be recycled, contact lenses need to be _32_ at a specialty recycling facility.This doesnt mean that all eco-conscious contact-wearers must stick to glasses, though. Fortunately, in an effort to _33_ the waste produced by contact lenses and facilitate the recycling process, some eye care companies have started their own recycling _34_. Through these programs, individuals can ship their used contacts to TerraCycle (a company that _35_ in recycling the hard-to-recycle) for free.21. A. eliminatingB. deletingC. producingD. saving22. A. roleB. functionC. impactD. efficiency23. A. termsB. devicesC. toolsD. equipment24. A. moreoverB. neverthelessC. howeverD. therefore25. A. flexibilityB. possibilityC. capabilityD. similarity26. A. restrictedlyB. respectivelyC. comparativelyD. fully27. A. designersB. manufacturersC. wearersD. destroyers28. A. floatingB. followingC. flashingD. flooding29. A. sensitiveB. extensiveC. concreteD. tricky30. A. systemsB. resourcesC. sourcesD. energies31. A. controlB. handleC. repairD. touch32. A. reversedB. processedC. fixedD. programmed33. A. analyzeB. realizeC. minimizeD. maximize34. A. initiativesB. performancesC. eventsD. conferences35. A. consistsB. resultsC. participatesD. specializes【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D【解析】【分析】这一篇说明文。文章介绍了隐形眼镜对环境所带来的影响以及原因。为了尽量减少隐形眼镜产生的废物并促进回收过程，一些眼部护理公司已经开始了他们自己的回收计划通过这些项目，个人可以将他们使用过的联系人免费发送到TerraCycle(一家专门回收难以回收物品的公司)。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：星巴克承诺到2020年在所有门店禁用塑料吸管。A. eliminating消除；B. deleting删除；C. producing生产；D. saving储备。根据下文IKEA banned all single-use plastics from its stores, and entire cities banned the use of plastic bags and straws.可知，此处表示消除塑料吸管。故A选项正确。【22题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：现在，我们又增加了一件提高意识的事情：人们开始了解隐形眼镜的影响。A. role角色；B. function功能；C. impact影响；D. efficiency效率。根据下文According to a new research out of the American Chemical Society, 20 percent of people who wear contact lenses throw them away in the toilet or sink.可知，人们开始了解隐形眼镜所带来的影响。故C选项正确。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：但是作为医疗设备，隐形眼镜是专为在接触环境中具有抵抗力而设计的。A. terms关系；B. devices设备；C. tools工具；D. equipment设备。device一般指小型仪器；equipment 是比较大的仪器或机器。此处指隐形眼镜，属于医疗设备。故B选项正确。【24题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：隐形眼镜被特别设计成在接触环境中具有抵抗力，因此它们不易被生物降解。A. moreover此外；B. nevertheless虽然如此；C. however然而；D. therefore因此。根据句意可知，此处表因果关系。故D选项正确。【25题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：把隐形眼镜扔进厕所尤其令人担忧，因为它们的尺寸和灵活性让它们可以通过过滤器。A. flexibility灵活性；B. possibility可能性；C. capability能力；D. similarity相似性。根据常识可知，隐形眼镜有较强的柔韧性。故A选项正确。【26题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：研究发现，这些处理设施的化学和机械加工无法完全分解隐形眼镜，使它们成为处理水的一部分。A. restrictedly有限地；B. respectively各自地；C. comparatively相对地；D. fully完全地。根据上文they dont biodegrade easily可知，这些处理设施的化学和机械加工无法完全分解隐形眼镜故D选项正确。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这可能看起来是件小事，但在美国有超过4500万佩戴者。A. designers设计者；B. manufacturers制造商；C. wearers佩戴者；D. destroyers破坏者。根据语境可知，此处指隐形眼镜佩戴者。故C选项正确。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我们这儿讨论的每年22吨的隐形眼镜正在被不当丢弃，多余地增加了漂浮在我们海洋中的成千上万吨塑料微粒。A. floating漂浮；B. following跟随；C. flashing闪烁；D. flooding淹没。根据in our oceans可知，此处指漂浮在海洋里。故A选项正确。【29题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：事实证明，正确处理隐形眼镜是相当棘手的。A. sensitive敏感的；B. extensive广泛的；C. concrete混凝土的；D. tricky棘手的。根据上文对隐形眼镜处理不当带来的问题描述可知，此处指这是一个相当棘手的问题。故D选项正确。【30题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这将使他们远离我们的水系统，同时也会把它们送到垃圾填埋场这是最好的。A. systems系统；B. resources资源；C. sources来源；D. energies能量。根据语境可知，此处指水系统。故A选项正确。【31题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：由于它们的体积和包装材料，回收设施通常无法处理隐形眼镜，所以它们被送到了垃圾填埋场。A. control控制；B. handle处理；C. repair维修；D. touch接触。根据下文so they go to landfills可知，回收设施通常无法处理隐形眼镜。故B选项正确。【32题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：为了回收利用，隐形眼镜需要专门的回收设施进行加工。A. reversed颠倒；B. processed加工；C. fixed固定；D. programmed编程。根据at a specialty recycling facility可知，此处指进行加工。故B选项正确。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：幸运的是，为了尽量减少隐形眼镜产生的废物并促进回收过程，一些眼科护理公司已经启动了他们自己的回收新方法。A. analyze分析；B. realize意识到；C. minimize使减到最少；D. maximize增加到最大限度。根据语境可知，此处指将隐形眼镜产生的废物减到最少。故C选项正确。【34题详解】考查名词辨析。句意同上。A. initiatives新方案；B. performances表演；C. events活动；D. conferences会议。根据语境可知，此处指开始了一些新方案。故A选项正确。【35题详解】考查动词（短语）辨析。句意：一家专门回收难回收物品的公司。A. consists in在于；B. results in导致；C. participates in参加；D. specializes in专门从事。根据上文Through these programs, individuals can ship their used contacts to TerraCycle可知，这家公司是专门回收难回收物品的公司。故D选项正确。【点睛】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。如第15小题，根据句意“一家专门回收难回收物品的公司”及选项A. consists in在于；B. results in导致；C. participates in参加；D. specializes in专门从事，可知D选项正确。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）School children around the world are being exposed on a daily basis to cigarette advertising and promotions by a tobacco industry that needs to recruit the young to maintain its vast profits.A major investigation in more than 22 countries across four continents by campaigners and experts has found cigarettes or promotions on display close to sweets, drinks or stationery in shops just outside schools, and often at the eye line of children.The Campaign for Tobacco-Free kids analyzed reports since 2014 carried out by a range of public health groups, NGO and Johns Hopkins University.Marlboro cigarettes made by Philip Morris and British American Tobacco brands such as Pass Mall, Kent, Dunhill and Lucky Strike were being sold and promoted within 300 meters or closer to schools in nearly all the countries researchers examined in a series of studies.Brand made by Japan Tobacco and Imperial were seen near schools in a smaller number.In Peru, Guardian correspondents saw single sticks apparently for also in corner shops near schools in flavors attractive to children. In Indonesia they saw banner ads above stalls near a primary school. In India, they saw simple cigarettes and tiny packets of chewing tobacco for sale alongside sweet directly opposite school gates.Big Tobacco denies promoting its products to children; Philip Morris International (PMI) said its observes relevant regulations. Preventing children from smoking is of the highest priority and we take very seriously our responsibility to ensure that we do not market to children anywhere in the world. British American Tobacco (BAT) said, Under-age smokers are not, and will never be, our target consumers products and marketing should never appeal to, or engage under-age smokers. Across the world, we have very strict rules to ensure we do not have outdoor advertising within 100 meters of a school.Japan Tobacco and Imperial did not respond to a request for comment.36. According to the passage, _ is/are not included in that makes cigarette appealing to children.A. the flavored cigarettesB. the single affordable sticksC. the attractive packagingD. eye-catching position to display the product37. The writer tries to make the report convincing by _.A. analyzing the reasons behind the phenomenonB. quoting exact words from relevant regulationsC. comparting the situations in different countriesD. listing facts collected by correspondents38. What can we learn from the passage?A. Companies use different policies to market to children in different countries.B. Both schools and parents are to blame for childrens smoking cigarettes.C. Japanese companies do not accept the accusation from the campaigners.D. There is a gap between tobacco compainies statements and real situations.39. Whats the best title for the passage?A. What are the effects of cigarette on childrenB. How children are exposed to cigarette advertsC. Why children should be protected from cigaretteD. What we can do to help children against cigarette【答案】36. C 37. D 38. D 39. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。在研究人员进行的一系列调查中发现，几乎所有国家的研究人员都在距离学校300米以内或更近的地方销售和推广菲利普莫里斯公司(Philip Morris)和Pass Mall、肯特(Kent)、登喜路(Dunhill)和Lucky Strike等英美烟草品牌生产的万宝路香烟。而大烟草公司却否认向儿童推销其产品。【