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UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICSBody:车身 chassis:底盘stream-lined:流线 wind resistance:风阻 Frame:车架the power train:传动系统the drive train:驱动系a unitized body:承载式车身 unibody:整体式汽车车身suspension system:悬架系统 steering system:转向系统braking system(制动系统)suspension system:悬架系统 shock absorber:减振器 control arm:控制臂、导向机构steering gears:转向器steering wheel:转向盘 idler arm:随动臂tie rods:横拉杆 power steering:动力转向Power booster:助力器 master cylinder:制动主缸Disc brake:盘式制动 drum brake:鼓式制动Brake pedal:制动踏板brake system:制动系统 stopping power:制动力Hydraulic brakes:液压制动brake pedal:制动踏板 brake fluid:制动液brake lines: 制动管路 cylinders: 轮缸brake shoes:制动蹄 drum: 制动鼓 disc brake:盘式制动器 pliers:老虎钳squeeze:挤进,握紧;夹紧 rotating disc:旋转制动盘 Drum brake:鼓式制动器gasoline-burning piston engine:活塞式汽油发动机Diesel-fuel burning engines: 柴油发动机Fuel system: 供给系统 exhaust system:排气系统 Cooling system:冷却系统 lubrication system:润滑系统ignition system:点火系统 electric spark:电火花air-fuel mixture:可燃混合气 cylinder: 汽缸ignition switch:点火开关 current:电流storage battery:蓄电池 ignition coil:点火线圈Distributor:分电器 spark plug:火花塞compression ignition engines:压燃式发动机charging circuit:充电电路 regulator:电压调节器 alternator (or generator):发电机mechanical energy:机械能 electrical energy:电能maximum voltage:最大电压fuel system:燃料供给系统 fuel pump:燃油泵Filter:滤清器 carburetor:化油器fuel injection system:燃油喷射系统combustible mixture:可燃混合气 manifold:进气管exhaust system:排气系统carbon monoxide:一氧化碳 hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物)oxides of nitrogen:氮氧化合物emission control system:排放控制系统cooling system:冷却系统 combustion chamber:燃烧室 coolant:冷却液 Radiator:散热器 water pump:水泵 hollow:空的、空洞的block:汽缸体 head:汽缸盖Defroster:(除冰(或霜)装置) Lubrication system润滑系统 lubricant:润滑剂 piston rings:活塞环 cylinder walls:汽缸壁 oil filter:机油滤清器Transmission:变速器 wheel bearings:车轮轴承 differential:差速器 steering linkage:转向链接机构power train:传动系统 transmission:变速器shift lever:变速杆 clutch:离合器Transmission:变速器 torque:转矩Differential:差速器 drive /propeller shaft:传动轴universal joints:万向节 axle movement:轴向运动 flexible universal joints:活动万向节 Differential:差速器UNIT 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEinternal combustion engine:内燃机liquefied petroleum gas(LPG):液化石油气Compressed natural gas(CNG):压缩天然气drive shaft:驱动轴rear-wheel-drive arrangement:后轮驱动布置形式front-wheel-drive arrangement:前轮驱动布置形式drive wheels:驱动轮mid-engine arrangement:发动机中置Pistons:活塞 reciprocate:往复spark ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机compression ignition(CI) engine:压燃式发动机electric ignition system:电子点火系统spark plug:火花塞 ignite:点燃 cylinders:气缸 combustion:燃烧compression-ignition engine:压燃式发动机diesel engine:柴油机Spray:喷入 heavy-duty trucks:重型货车spark-ignition engine:火花点燃式发动机fuel system:燃料供给系统 ignition system:点火系统lubricating system:润滑系统 cooling system:冷却系统fuel system:燃料供给系统combustible mixture:可燃混合物air/fuel mixture:空气燃料混合气ignition system:点火系统spark plug:火花塞 air/fuel mixture:可燃混合气lubricating oil:润滑油lubricating system:润滑系统 oil pump:机油泵 reservoir:贮存器; 油箱exhaust gas:排气cooling system:冷却系统exhaust system:排气系统emission-control system:排放控制系统starting system:启动系统Crank:转动曲柄 starting motor:启动马达internal combustion engine:内燃机chemical energy:化学能 heat energy:热能mechanical energy:机械能air/fuel ratio:空燃比Diesel engines:柴油机 intake:进气connecting rod:连杆 crankshaft:曲轴reciprocating movement/back and forth movement/up and down movement(往复运动)rotary motion/ turning motion:(旋转运动)crankshaft:曲轴Efficiency:效率 potential energy:潜能mechanical energy:机械能overall efficiency:总效率 compression ratio:压缩比 air/fuel ratio:空燃比 uppermost position/(TDC, top dead center:上止点lowest position/BDC, bottom dead center:下止点stroke:行程 four stroke-cycle Gasoline Engine:intake stroke:进气行程 compression stroke:压缩行程power stroke:作功行程 exhaust stroke:排气行程revolution:转、圈 connecting rod:连杆intake valve:进气门 camshaft:凸轮轴pressure difference:压力差 air/fuel mixture:空气/燃料混合气compression ratio:压缩比 TDC:上止点exhaust valve:排气门 exhaust gases:废气starter motor:启动马达 ignition key:点火钥匙start position:启动位置Flywheel:飞轮UNIT 3 AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICATION SYSTEM(汽车润滑系统)3.1 Lubrication Principles 润滑原理Friction:摩擦 primary job:基本任务Residual oil:残留的机油Lubricant:滑润剂 hydrodynamic:液力的oil adhesion:机油粘度 sliding friction:滑动摩擦 Pressure-Lubrication System压力润滑系统oil pan:油底壳 block:汽缸体oil pump:油泵 drain plug:放油螺塞 oil-pan gasket:油底壳垫圈Passageway:油道 oil filter:机油滤清器Crankcase:曲轴箱 tube:管filter screen:滤网gear-type:齿轮泵 rotor-type:转子泵full-flow filtering system:全流式滤清器pressure-relief valve:安全阀 bypass valve:旁通阀camshaft(凸轮轴)main bearing:主轴承 camshaft bearing:凸轮轴轴承Foam inhibitor:泡沫抑制剂 UNIT 4 THE COOLING SYSTEM(冷却系统)exhaust system:排气系统 cylinder wall:汽缸壁piston:活塞 cylinder head:汽缸盖oil film:油膜fuel mileage:燃油经济性 exhaust emissions:废气排放liquid cooling:水冷 air cooling:风冷water jacket:水套 thermostat:节温器water pump:水泵 radiator:散热器radiator cap:散热器盖 cooling fan:冷却风扇hoses:软管expansion tank:膨胀水箱overflow tank:溢流水箱4.1 Water Pump(水泵)centrifugal pump:离心泵 centrifugal force:离心力4.2 Water Jacket(水套)hot spot:热点 valve seat:气门座valve guide:气门导管 cylinder wall:汽缸壁combustion chamber:燃烧室4.3 Radiator(散热器)heat exchanger:热交换器4.4 Pressure Cap(散热器盖)boiling point:沸点 pressure release valve:减压阀, 安全阀overflow tube:溢流管 overflow tank:溢流箱4.5 Thermostat(节温器)4.6 Fancooling fan:冷却风扇 constant temperature:常温thermostatic switch:温控开关UNIT 5 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMFuel injection system:燃油喷射系统purely mechanical:纯机械的electronic fuel injection system:电子燃油喷射系统feedback control:反馈控制emission:排放 solenoid valve:电磁阀 injector:喷油器best power:最佳动力性best emission:最佳排放性best economy:最佳经济性rich condition:浓(混合气)工况lean condition:稀(混合气)工况5.3 Fuel System(燃油系统)fuel rail:油轨 regulator:压力调节器return line:回油管fuel manifold:燃油歧管 intake manifold:进气歧管5.4 Air Metering and Measurement 空气计量butterfly valve: 传统碟形阀throttle body assembly: 节气门体总成Mass Airflow:质量流量 Speed Density:速度密度spring loaded flap:翼片 potentiometer:电位计 heated wire:加热电阻丝 voltage signal:电压信号5.5 Most EFI systems measure the same basic 6 input 大多数EFI系统检测6个基本输入(信号)RPM(转速)ignition coil:点火线圈magnetic sensor:磁脉冲传感器Hall effect sensor:霍尔效应传感器Manifold Pressure (进气歧管压力)Throttle Position (节气门位置)Water Temperatureinjector pulse width:喷油器脉冲宽度Air Temperature5.6 Oxygen Sensor(氧传感器)closed loop systems:闭环系统oxygen content:氧含量air/fuel ratio:空燃比open loop mode:开环模式UNIT 6 EXHAUST SYSTEMexhaust system:排气系统 Exhaust gas:废气combustion chamber:燃烧室 muffler:消声器catalytic converter:催化转换器 6.2 The Muffler(消声器) backpressure:背压exhaust valve:排气门6.3 The Exhaust Manifold and Headerexhaust manifold:排气歧管 cylinder head:气缸盖intake manifold:进气歧管UNIT 7 THE IGNITION SYSTEM(点火系统)breaker point type ignition system:触点型点火系统electronic ignition system:电子点火系统distributorless ignition system:无分电器点火系统)timing of the spark plug firing:火花塞点火次序spark plug gap:火花塞间隙7.1 Point-Type Ignition System(触点型点火系统)electrical circuit:电路primary circuit:初级回路secondary circuit:次级回路breaker point:触点ignition switch:点火开关secondary winding:次级线圈high-tension lead:高压导线distributor:分电器 coil:点火线圈distributor cap:分电器盖distributor rotor:分火头controlling element:控制元件primary current:初级电流Distributor:配电器7.2 Electronic Ignition Systems(电子点火系统)electronic control module:电子控制模块7.3 Distributorless Ignition Systems (DIS) (无分电器点火系统)spark timing:点火正时Ignition Control Unit (ICU):点火控制单元Engine Control Unit (ECU):发动机控制单元firing order:点火顺序Top Dead Center (TDC):上止点UNIT 8 CLUTCHdrive line/drive train:传动系统Clutch:离合器 transmission:变速器drive shaft:传动轴final drive assembly:主减速器总成clutch disc:离合器片 pressure plate:压盘pressure plate cover:离合器盖friction mechanism:摩擦机构engine torque:发动机扭矩gear ratio:传动比clutch pedal:离合器踏板 driven member:从动件transmission input shaft:变速器输入轴driving members:主动件 crankshaft:曲轴torsional shock:扭转振动starter motor:启动马达splined hub:花键毂 spline:花键diaphragm spring:膜片弹簧centrifugal force:离心力release bearing:分离轴承 disengagement mechanism:分离机构hydraulic system:液压系统hydraulic mechanism:液压机构clutch master cylinder:离合器主缸hydraulic fluid:制动液clutch release cylinder:离合器分离缸UNIT 9 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION(自动变速器)fluid coupling(液力偶合器) torque converter(变矩器rear wheel drive(后轮驱动) front wheel drive(前轮驱动).drive shaft(驱动轴)final drive(主减速器)rear axle(后轴) rear wheels(后轮) transaxle(驱动桥)Front axles(前桥)planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组)9.1 hydraulic system(液力系统)9.2 Planetary gear sets(行星齿轮组)sun gear(太阳轮) ring gear(齿圈)planet gears(行星轮)constant mesh(常啮合common carrier(行星架)input shaft(输入轴)output shaft(输出轴)9.2 Clutch pack(离合器组)clutch drum(离合器鼓)friction material(摩擦材料)9.3 One-Way Clutch(单向离合器) sprag clutch(超越离合器) neutral(空挡)9.4 Bands(制动带)9.5 Torque Converter(液力变矩器)(见阅读材料)Torque Converter(液力变矩器) manual transmission:自动变速器automatic transmission:自动变速器brake pedal:制动踏板gas pedal:加速踏板1. Pump(泵轮).2. Turbine(涡轮).3. Stator(导轮).4. Transmission fluid(传动液).Freewheel:自由轮lockup clutch:锁止离合器UNIT 10 THE DIFFERENTIAL(差速器)unlimited-slip, differential:不防滑差速器10.1 The Main Gears(主减速器)bevel gear:锥齿轮axle shaft:半轴f

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