八年级上人教版Unit 4-6知识点总结.docx

Unit 4 How do you get to school?一、交通方式的询问： How do you get to school?二、对于交通方式的回答:I walk I ride a bikeI drive a /my carI take a / the bus I take a/ the train I take a/ the plan I take a /the boatI take a/ the subway on footby bike by car by bus by trainby plan/ airby boat by subway on a bus in a caron my bike to school.I get / go to school注意点：并不是所有都用take, 也并不是所有都用by,注意四个方面 步行特殊的： walk = go .on foot , By car , by bike = drive a / my car , ride a / my bike By +交通工具无冠词， 但 ride a bike/ drive a car/ take a bus 等必须有冠词a/ the. 除了介词by +交通工具外，还可以用on/ in +交通工具，on a bus, in a car , on my bike .三、对于路程多久的提问： How long does it take ? 回答：It takes me 30 minutes.(重点句型) 重/难点辨析：花费 take , spend, pay ,cost It takes sb time/ money to do sth. （有时态变化,过去式took,）Sb spend time/ money on sth/ in doing sth. Sb pay money for sth 物 cost sb time/ money. 四、对于路程有多远的提问：How far is it from his home to school? 回答： Its about 10 kilometers (away) from his home to school. 重点、难点辨析： be far from, away from, from .to . far from, 离远 My school is far from my home. 具体路程+away from, My school is 10 kilometers away from my home. Fromto, 从到Its 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home. A +be +路程距离+B, My school is 10 kilometers from my home. 五、宾语从句: 疑问语序变为陈述语序 （引导词+主语+谓语）（重、难点）Thomas wants to know where Nina lives. Thomas wants to know how long it takes to get to school .Thomas wants to know how far from school she lives. 六、语法讲解how引导的特殊疑问句1、how引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式。 2、how far 用来提问距离，意为“多远”。其答语分为两种情况： 用长度单位表示 eg: How far is it from your home to the bus stop ? Its five kilometers. 用时间表示 eg: How far is the park from the shop ? Its ten minutes walk. 3、how long 用来提问时间，意为“多久”。 eg: How long have you been in America? For two years. 七、其它重要语言点1. take v 搭乘（某种交通工具）take the subway to .=go to .by subway 乘地铁去.(1) He takes the subway to work every day .=He goes to work by every day.他们每天乘地铁上班。*take 花费 某事花费多少时间。(2) The subway ride usually takes about 30 minutes.乘地铁通常用大约30分钟。* It takes sb. some time to do sth. =sb. spends some time (in) doing stb.某人用（花费）多少时间做某事。(3) It took him about two hours to finish the work yesterday.昨天他用了大约两个多小时完成了这项工作。= I spent about two hours finishing the work yesterday.* It takes some time to do sth.做某事用多少时间(4) It takes twenty minutes to walk to school.步行上学需要二十分钟。2. minute n 分钟 in a minute 一会儿 用于一般将来时(1) Itll take them ten minutes to walk there. 走着去那里他们要用十分钟。(2) Hell come back in a minute. 他一会儿就回来。3. far adj 远的 far from 离远 near to 离近 (1) My house is far from the hospital .= My house isnt near to the hospital.我家离医院很远。(2) How far is it from Shanghai to Beijing. ? 从上海到北京多远？(3) Is it far from here? 离这儿远吗？4. kilometer 千米，公里(1) Its about ten kilometers from the cinema to my house.电影院离我家大约十公理。How far is it from the cinema to your house? 你家离电影多远？(2) His house is five kilometers away from school.他家离学校五公里。5. quick adj - quickly 快的(1) My good friends usually have a quick lunch at school because they want to have some timeto play football on the playground .我的好朋友在学校通常匆匆吃过午饭因为他们想有一些时间去操场踢足球。(2) Every morning he has a quick breakfast and then goes to school.每天早晨他匆匆吃过早饭然后去上学。(3) He spoken so quickly that I couldnt hear you clearly.他说话太快我不能听清楚。6. station n 车站 at the bus stop =at the bus station 在汽车站 at the railway station =at the train station 在火车站(1) Who are children waiting for at the bus station? 孩子们在车站等谁呢？(2) Ill meet my uncle at the train station tomorrow.我明天去为车站去接我叔叔。7. stop doing sth. 停止正在做事 stop to do sth. 停下来做某事(1) The students stopped talking when the teacher came into the classroom.。老师走进教室学生停止说话。(2) He stopped to have a look at the blackboard after he wrote down the new words.他写下生词后停下来看黑板。(3) They stopped to have a rest after a long walk. 长时间行走他们停下来休息一会儿。8. early adj 早的 提旱的 adv (1) His father goes to work early every day .他的父亲每天很早就去上班啊。(2) Sleeping early and getting up early is good our health.早睡旱起对我们的健康有益啊。9. transportation n 公共交通，运输 (1) What do think of the transportation in England? 你认为英国的交通如何？(2) How do you like water and land transportation ? 你认为水陆运输如何？10. north adj 北部的 北方的 in the north of 在北 in North America 在北美州to the north of 在北 on the north of 在北在某一整体内部用in; 在某一整体的外部用to; 挨着某一不整体用on(1) Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在我国的北部。(2) Korea is on the northeast of China. 韩国在我国的东北部。(3) In North America ,not all the students take the bus to school .在北美州不是所有的学生都乘汽车上学。11. part n 地方 区域 (1) Most parts of the books are very interesting. 大部分书都很有意思。(2) His uncle traveled to many other parts of the world last year.去年他叔叔去了世界各地旅游。12. depend -depended v. 依靠 依赖 depend on 视而定,决定于,依赖于(1) Good health depends on good food ,exercise and getting enough sleep.良好的身体依赖一于好的食品和充足的睡眼。(2) He depends on his writing for his incoming.他靠写作来收入。(3) The price depends on the quality.价格依质量而定。13. river 河 in the river 在河里 by the river 在河边(1) Children enjoyed themselves by the river last Sunday. 上周孩子们在河边玩得可开心了。(2) Look ! Some boys are swimming in the river. 睢！ ，几个男孩在河里游泳。14. boat n 小船 by boat =in a boat 乘船 go boating 去钧鱼 take a boat 乘船(1) Students in Hongshanhu and Kaisandao have to take a boat to get to school.。=Students in Hongshanhu and Kaisandao have to get to school by boat.红山湖和开山岛的学生得乘船去上演。(2) -Would you like to go boating with me ? -Id love to .15. must (表示推测) 一定 表示对现在的推测，用在肯定句中。否定句表示推测用cant 不可能(1)You must be tired after work. 工作后你一不定很累。(2)-Who is the teacher in the purple coat ?- Sorry , I dont know. She must be a new teacher.穿紫色大衣的那们老师是谁？对不起， 我不知道。她一定是新老师。(3) Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem ,so it must be very difficult .既使班上的尖子生也做不出这道，因此它一定很难。(4) ( C) -Listen! Someone is singing in the next room.-Who _it be? -Is it Wei Fang ? -No ,it _be her .She is at school now. A. will , may not B. must mustnt C. may ,cant D. may ,wont 16. worry - worrying - worried worries v 担心， 担忧 焦虑* worry about 担心 be worried be worried about =worry about 为担心(1) Please tell my parents not to worry about me.请告诉我父母不必我担心。(2) Don t worry, we have a little time left.不要担心，我们还有一点剩下的时间。(3) His mother is worried about him all the time .他的母亲一直为他担心。17. than 比 用于比较级句型 (1) This pencil is longer than that one.这支铅笔比那支长/(2) My pencil case is newer than hers.我的文具盒比她的新。(3) Her coat is nicer than mine. 她的大衣比我的大衣好看。(4) She is much taller than me .她比我高多了。比较级的结构： 甲+ be + 形容词的比较级+ than + 乙。18. so adv 表示程度 这么，那么。用于交际用语。I think so. I hope so. I m afraid so. I dont think so.(1) -Does Mr Brown have a bad cold ? - I think so .He cant go to work until next week.(2) -Does Miss Liu have a sore throat? -Im afraid so . Shes ill in the hospital .(3) -I must get good grades next term.-I hope so .我下学期一定取得好成绩。我希望是这样啊(4) You worked late every night . Its bad for your health, so you shouldnt work so hard.19. means n 方法 手段 工具(1) A car is a means of transportation. 汽车是一种交通工具。(2) There s no means of getting there.没有去那里的方法。(3) In China ,bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation.在中国自行车和汽车是最受欢迎的交通工具。20. too much + n(u) much too + adj (1) Drinking too much wine is bad for your health .喝太多的酒对健康有害。(2) In summer ,theres too much rain and its much too hot .夏天雨太多又太热。21. a number of + n (pl) 作主语谓动词用复数。几个 一些 the number of +n (pl) 数量 数目 作主语谓语动词用单数。(1) The number of students in our school is 900. 我们学校学生的数量是900。(2) A number of children take subway to get to school. .一些孩子乘地铁上学。(3) The number of the girls in our class is thirty -four.我班女生的数量是34。 Unit 5重点短语：来我的晚会come to my party 足球练习 soccer practice 本周的日历the calendar of the week 上一堂钢琴课have a piano lesson 给某人一个教训teach sb. a lesson 玩的愉快 have fun=have a good time 下一次 another time 在工作日 on weekdays后天 the day after tomorrow 科学报告 science report保持安静 be/keep quiet 整天 the whole day=all the day文化俱乐部 culture club 顺便来访 come over to生日晚会 birthday party 过来 come over 一周很忙have a really busy week 地理作业 geography project 去看医生go to the doctor 去看牙医 go to the dentist去听音乐会 go to the concert 去商业街go to the mall去看棒球比赛 go to the baseball match 去上我的吉他课go to my guitar lesson重点句型：1. Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? can 为情态动词，此处表示请求。向别人发出邀请，请求，建议或征求某人的意见，还有几种表达方法：Would you like.? +名词/动词/动词不定式Would/Will/Could you please? +动词原形(could 比can更委婉)Shall we? shall是情态动词 后面+动词原形Lets +动词原形Why not?=Why dont you?后面+动词原形How/What about? +动词ing2. Sure, Id love to/Im sorry, I cant. 如何拒绝或接收邀请 Yes,its very kind/nice of you. Yes, Id love to. / Sure. What time? Id be delighted/ready/pleased to. That sounds great! Im sorry, I cant. I have to. Im sorry, I cant. Im doing.maybe another time. Thanks for asking. Id love to, b come, but.； I wish I could, but. Im afraid that.3. -What s today? -Its Monday the 14th. What s today? 常用来询问今天是几号星期几，回答时通常为星期和日期。如果询问今天是“星期几”，应该用What day is today?或What day is it today? 如果询问“今天是几月几号”，应该用“Whats the date today?”试比较一下：重点知识点讲解：1. 关于情态动词：Can1) 表示能力，“会、能”，与be able to同义，但can只用于现在时和过去式，be able to可用于各种时态。 Two years can see more than one. 注：Can you.? Yes, I can/No, I cant.2) 表示允许、请求 用could比用can 语气更加委婉，常用于Could I/you.?句型中，若表示同意时，用can 回答而不能用could Could I borrow the book? No, you cant. Could you please do.?3) 表示推测“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句。（cant表示“不可能”） It cant be true. Can it be true?May1) 表示允许，请求 = can, 表示许可或征求对方的许可，常用于第一人称，用might的语气更加委婉。 May I.? Yes, you may No, you cant/mustnt 在回答以may引起的问句时，多避 免用这个词，而用其他方式，如Yes, please /Certainly.2) 表推测，可能、也许，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，may not表示“可能不” Maybe he knows the news. = He may know the news.3) 短语may/might as well 不妨，最好Must1) 表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 We must do everything step by step. 注：Must I.? Yes, you must/No, you neednt (dont have to)2) 表意愿，意为“硬要，非要” If you must know my age, I can tell you that I am two times older than my daughter.3) mustnt表禁止、不允许 You mustnt talk to her like that.4) 表示揣测。意为“想必，准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中将must改为can. He must be ill. He looks so pale. Shes wearing a diamond. She must have a lot of money. 注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词保持一致：There must be something wrong, isnt it?must与have to关键词 例句说明have toIt is raining today,I have to stay at home.今天下雨了，我不得不待在家里。have to表示客观需求,“不得不，必须”。 mustI must work hard.我必须努力学习。must表主观要求，“必须”。2. sure be sure +to do sth. “务必，千万” “一定” He is sure to live to ninety be sure of 表示主语“相信”或“对有把握”后面+名词/代词/动词ing, 主语必 须是人 He is sure of success. “be sure+从句”表示“肯定，有把握”主句的主语必须是人。3. Come and join us. 快点加入我们吧。 join / take part in/join in join指加入某一个团体并成为其中的一员。 take part in/join in指参加聚会，群众性的活动等。4. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人去某地 n. invitation5. Please call me after the vacation.给某人打电话的表达方式：call/ring/phone/telephone sb.call/ring/phone sb. up give sb. a ring/call make a telephone/phone call to sb.6. Im free till 10:00 pm.1) free: 有空的，空闲的in ones free time 在某人的空余时间里 be free to do sth. 有空做某事自由的，随意的 be free to do sth. 随意做某事2) till: 与until 用法基本相同 nottill/until写作：邀请信与回信假如你是David，Liu Wei邀请你参加他的生日聚会，请给Liu Wei写一封回信委婉地拒绝他的邀请，告诉他你不能参加他的聚会。理由是你要去看望你的祖父母，还要上钢琴课。写作要点： Give sb. an invitation Refuse ones invitation Accept ones invitationGive out information about inviting sb. Thanks for sbs invitationThanks for ones invitationGive out the time and place to have the party Refuse the invitation politelyId love to but I cantAccept the invitationWrite down the owners telephone number and some other information;If you cant come, please callGive out the reasons that you cant go to the party.Give out the other information about joining the party.Can I come to the party with my good friend?Express your wishes:I hope you can have a good time.Happy birthday to you!Unit 6Im more outgoing than my sister.重点词汇 more, than,/ more athletic, more popular, both, be good at， taller, shorter, thinner, longer, heavier ,calmer, wilder, quieter funnier, smarter.应掌握的词组1. how are you 你身体好吗2. how old 多大年纪3. how tall 多高 4. more outgoing 比较外向5. want/plan to do sth. 意欲，企图做某事 6. as you can see 正如你所看到的 7. we look the same我们看起来一样， they look different他们看起来不同 8. look like 看起来像9. a little taller 高一点 10. take sth. from sth. 从某处拿/取出某物 11. make a list of 列出清单12. be good at sports 擅长体育 13. that isnt very important for me 对我来说并不是非常重要 14. put up举起，抬起，挂起，张贴，建造；put on穿上，戴上，上演（戏剧）；put down=write down 写下来； put out 伸出，扑灭； put away 收起来，收好；put off推迟； 15. be good with children 善于与孩子相处 16. have /get good grades 成绩出色 17. cant stop talking 不能停止讲话18. in ones free time在业余时间19. be / feel sorry for 因感到抱歉或后悔；be sorry +to see/hear 听到或看到某种情况很不安或难过；say sorry to sb 向某人道歉20. begin with 从开始 end up with.以结束 21. be famous for 因 而著名，因而广为人知； be famous as 作为而知名22. make sb. do sth. 让/使某人做某事,同意句型有：let sb do sth/ ask sb to do sth.应该掌握的句子1. Im more outgoing than my sister . 主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级别 + than + 比较者2. As you can see , in some ways we look the same , and in some ways we look different .3. Liu Li and Liu Ying have some things in common. in common 介词短语，意为共同的， 共有的。修饰名词或代词，常放到被修饰词的后面。例：We have nothing in common.4. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister . as as 和一样 （其中asas之间的形容词必须用原级）；它的否定式是：not as(so) as5. My friend is the same as me . be the same as 与一样 be different from 与不同6. Thats not very important for me . 那对于我来说不是那么重要。7. Should friends be different or the same? 形容词same前常有定冠词the。8. I like to have friends who are like me . 要注意区别like的词性。like to do sth.中的like 是动词,意思是“ 喜欢 ”；而who are like me 中的like 是介词，意思是“ 像 ”。9.You must be good with children. 你一定要与孩子相处的好。be good with sb =get on /along well with sb . 对某人好,与某人相处融洽.10.He cant stop talking .stop doing sth. 意为“ 停止（正在）做的事情” .如：When the teacher came in , the students stopped talking . 当老师走进来时，学生们停止了谈话。 stop to do sth. 意为“ 停下（正在做的事）去做某事”.如：He stopped to write a letter to her . 他停下手边的工作，给她写信。11.He always beats me in tennis. 打网球时，他总能打败我。 beat 动词，意为打败，战胜。其后常接人或是人组成的组织。 beat sb in/at 在某方面打败某人例： I beat him at swimming.我在游泳方面，战胜了他。.词语辨析一、how long / how farhow long多长，用来询问时间,指时间上的长短。How far多远，用来询问距离，指路上的远近。1、 is it from your home to school?2、 does it take them to clean the classroom?二、get / arrive / reach1、I often to school by bike.2、She will in Beijin