西安市未央区汉代遗址保护与开发.doc

西安市未央区汉代遗址保护与开发中文建国以来，遗址作为社会发展的产物，历史文化遗产的一部分，相当长的时期内得不到有效保护，其根本原因在于当时的社会环境和国情本身。其中，在以政策为导向的社会发展模式下，经济发展是首要目标，这就使得许多历史文物遭到毁损、遗址遭到破坏，西安市未央区汉代遗址也不例外。近年来，随着未央区经济和旅游业的快速发展，遗址保护问题逐渐得到重视。对于遗址保护问题主要通过两种方式来实现：即保护和开发。本文拟从未央区汉代遗址现状、分布、历史概况、产生原因等方面入手；探讨我国遗址保护的相关法律体系建设，借鉴国外遗址保护和利用的成功模式，总结其先进经验，针对未央区的具体情况，分析汉代遗址保护中存在的问题，并采取相应的解决之法，最后加以总结和评析。第一章未央区汉代遗址概况及现状。论文首先简述西安地区的地形、地貌和地质构造，了解未央区的城市发展史。然后着重论述未央区汉代遗址概况、分布及现状，重点强调加强汉代遗址保护的紧迫性。第二章未央区汉代遗址的形成及破坏。本章介绍未央区汉代遗址的形成，及形成遗址后的破坏。在遗址形成方面，本文认为主要来自于中国传统建筑本身的构造特性和不可抗力的外部因素，以及社会发展进程中的人为因素。主要表现为火灾、地震、战争等形式造成汉代建筑的破坏。在遗址破坏方面，除了自然因素以外，更多的是客观的人为破坏。主要来自于人口增长、农业种植、工商业发展和城镇化进程等社会变革。第三章未央区汉代遗址的保护及开发。本章主要由两部分组成，即未央区汉代遗址保护及开发。本文在遗址保护方面，主要涉及法律保障、行政干预、专业保护、公众参与等形式。并以此为基础指出未央区汉代遗址保护过程中存在的主要问题，即法律不完备、行政职权分工不明确、资金不充足、公众保护意识淡薄、专业技术人才短缺等等；针对这些问题，结合国外遗址保护的成功经验，提出：加强汉代遗址保护的相关法律建设、协调相关组织配合、保证遗址修复资金的稳定、调动公众的积极参与、保证遗址修复工程的专业性和科学性、后备人才培养的持续性。在遗址开发方面，主要从未央区汉代遗址的经营性开发和公益利用两方面进行论述。通过合理规划、精心设计、媒体宣传等方式推出以旅游为主导的经营性开发；并针对汉代遗址的利用价值，提出：以弘扬汉文化为主线的遗址教育基地建设和以服务大众为目标的日常休闲场所建设等建议。总结部分是在上述研究的基础上，提出解决汉代遗址保护现实问题的方法，并以此作为进一步保护与开发的借鉴与参考。译文Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, historical sites, as an outcome of social development and part of historical and cultural heritage, havent received effective protection. The root cause of such problem lies in the then social and national conditions. In the politics-oriented social development model, economic development is the central aim, and this causes many historical relics and sites to be damaged. The historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District, Xian are no exception. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy and tourism in Weiyang District, more attention has been paid to the protection of historical sites. The historical sites protection is achieved in two ways：protection and utilization. Through the introduction of current situation, distribution and historical background of the historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District, this article explores the legal system construction related to the protection of historical sites, and through referring to the successful models of historical sites protection abroad and summarize their experience, this article also tries to analyze the problems in the protection of historical sites of Han Dynasty and find out some solutions according to the specific conditions of Weiyang District, and at last presents summation and comments on this issue.Chapter one: survey and current situation of the historical sites of Han Dynasty. This chapter first briefly introduces the topography and geological structure of Xian and the history of city in Weiyang District. Then it elaborates the current situation, distribution and historical background of the historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District, and stresses the urgency of strengthening the protection of the cultural sites of Han Dynasty.Chapter two: the formation and damage of the historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District. This chapter introduces the formation and damage of the historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District. On the formation of the historical sites, this article believes that it mainly comes from the structural characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture themselves, irresistible external factors and human factors in the process of social development. It is mainly reflected in the damage of the architecture such as fire, earthquake, war, etc. On the damage of historical sites, besides the natural factors, man-made destruction is a more serious cause.Chapter three: protection and development of the historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District. This chapter is divided into two parts, the protection and development of the Historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District. On the protection of the sites, this article contains legal guarantee, administrative intervention, professional protection and public participation. Based on this, this article also points out the major problems existing in the protection of Historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District, thus the incomplete legal system, unclear division of administration, lack of capital, weak public protection awareness, lack of professional and technical personnel, etc. According to these questions, and combining the successful experience of historical sites protection abroad, this article points out that we should: reinforce the laws construction on the protection of Han relics; strengthen the coordination of related departments and organizations; make sure the stability of relic restoration funds; arouse the active participation of the public; guarantee the professionalization and scientificity of the restoration and the continuity of reserve talents education. On the development of historical sites, this article discusses from the market-oriented development and public-benefit utilization of the historical sites of Han Dynasty in Weiyang District. We should put out the market-oriented development led by tourism through reasonable planning, elaborate design and media promotion, etc. Based on the utilization value of Han relics, this article also puts forward proposals of constructing relic education base with promoting Chinese culture as the main