小学五年级英语下册语法

一 词语 1 名词 这里强调两点 不可数名词都默认为单数 所以总是用 is 名词复 数如何加后缀 各种不同情况 变化方法 例词 一般情况一般情况 1 直接加 s book books bag bags cat cats bed beds 以 s x sh ch 2 结尾 加 es bus buses box boxes brush brushes watch watches peach peaches glass glasses 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 es family families study studies 4 以 f 或 fe 结尾 变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 es knife knives 不规则名词复数不规则名词复数 man men woman women policeman policemen policewoman policewomen mouse mice foot feet child children fish fish Chinese Chinese 英语下册知识点总结英语下册知识点总结 一 重点短语讲解 1 play with 和 一起玩 play with sb 某人 和 一起玩 play with sth 某物 玩某物 eg Lucy and Lily are playing with their mother Lucy and Lily are playing with their doll 2 a lot of 很多 a lot of lots of 可数名词复数或不可数名词 eg 同义句转换 There are a lot of apples on the table There are apples on the table 3 how often 多久一次 how often 是一个特殊疑问词 就频 率提问 英语表示频率的词 一次 once 两次 twice 特殊 其他次数 基数词 times 构成 例如 8 次 eight times e g How often do you go to the library I go to the library once a week 注 如就划线部分提问 应用特 殊疑问词 how often 4 how many 多少 how many much 就数量提问 how many 可 数名词 how much 不可数名词 e g How many boys are there in your class There are 40 boys in my class How much water is there in the bottle There is a little water in the bottle 5 be good at 擅长 at 后可加名词或动词 如加动词 应用动名 词形式 即 v ing e g I am good at English 6 be interested in 对 感兴趣 in 后可加名词或动词 如加动词 动词应用动名词形式 即 v ing e g I am interested in English 7 play the violin 拉小提琴 乐器前加定冠词 the 8 listen to music 听音乐 听 用 listen to 1 听音乐前 不加定冠词 the 2 听收音机前 要加定冠词 the listen to the radio e from 来自 come from be from I come from China I am from China 易错点 Where are you come from 错误 Where do you come from 正确 10 play football 踢足球 球类名词前不加冠词 11 be famous for 因 闻名 12 have a look at 看一看 have a look at look at 13 how much 多少 钱 how much 用来询问价格 14 a pair of 一双 一对 a pair of glasses a pair of trousers 15 try on 试穿 试穿鞋子 try on the shoes try the shoes on 试 穿它 此处它是代词 只能放在 try on 之间 try it on 16 see a doctor 看医生 常用表示 看 的单词有 watch see look read watch 用于看电视 比赛等 watch TV watch football match see 看见 强调结果 看到什么 看电影 看医生时用 see a film see a doctor 17 take good care of 好好照顾 take good care of look after 18 have a fever 发烧 have 表示症状的单词 have a fever have a toothache have a headache have 病名 have measles 麻疹 have mumps 腮腺炎 19 have to 不得不 Eg Her mother is ill she has to look after her mother so she can t come to the party 重点 含有 have to 的句子变否定用 don t doesn t e g She has to finish her homework 变否定句为 She doesn t have to finish her homework 正确 20 worried about 担心 She worried about her exam 21 help with 帮助 做某事 help with help sb to do sth Eg Peter helps her mother with the housework Peter helps her mother to do the housework 二 重点单词用法 1 call v 称作 What do you call in English 2 Like v 喜欢 1 like sth I like English very much 2 like to do sth I like reading very much but I don t like to read now 3 like doing sth 动词原形 3 let s 动词原形 Let s let us make animals let sb do sth 让 某人做某事 4 want 想 想要 1 want sth I want a piece of paper 2 want to do sth I want to watch TV 5 情态动词 情态动词很简单 没有人称数之变 动词原形后边站 can 表能力 may 许可 should 应该 would 愿 must 必 须 否定 needn t 换 have to 不得不表客观 三 重点语法 A 一般现在时 1 概念 一般现在时表示经常性 习惯性的动作或存在的状 态 2 构成 有两种构成形式 1 be 型 句子的谓语动词只有 be am is are a 肯定句中 只出现 be I am a student 我是一名学生 b 否定句中 要在 be 后面加 not 如 She isn t teacher 她 不是教师 c 一般疑问句中 要将 be 放在句子开头 注意句首字母大 写 句尾用问号 答语用 Yes 主语 be 或 No 主语 be not 如 Are you ready 你准备好了吗 Yes I am 是的 我准备好了 No I m not 我没准备好 2 实义动词型 句中的谓语动词为实义动词 也叫行为动 词 a 肯定句中 只出现实义动词 如 I get up in the morning 我早晨起床 b 否定句中 要在实义动词前面加 do does not do does 作助动词 本身无意义 常与 not 缩写成 don t doesn t 如 I don t like vegetables 我不喜欢蔬菜 c 一般疑问句 要在句子开头加助动词 Do does 句尾用 问 号 简略答语用 Yes 主语 do does 或 No 主语 do does not 如 Do you like oranges 你喜欢桔 子吗 Yes I do 是的 我喜欢 3 一般现在时的用法 1 经常性或习惯性的动作 常与表示频繁度的时间状语连用 时间状语 every sometimes Eg I leave home for school at 7 every morning 2 客观真理 客观存在 科学事实 The earth moves around the sun Shanghai lies in the east of China 3 表示格言或警句中 Pride goes before a fall 骄者必败 注意 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中 即使主句是过去时 从句谓语也要用一般现在时 例 Columbus proved that the earth is round 3 现在时刻的状态 能力 性格 个性 I don t want so much Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well B 一般将来时 1 概念 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算 计划或准 备做某事 句中一般有以下时间状语 tomorrow next day week month year soon the day after tomorrow 后天 等 2 基本结构 be going to do will do 3 否定句 在 be 动词后面加 not 或在 will 后面加 not 成 won t 例如 I m going to have a picnic this afternoon 否定句为 I am not going to have a picnic this afternoon 4 一般疑问句 be 或 will 提到句首 some 改为 any 改为 or 第一二人称互换 例如 We are going to go on an outgoing this weekend Are you going to go on an outgoing this weekend 四 对划线部分提问 一般情况 一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况 1 问人 Who 例如 I m going to New York soon Who s going to New York soon 2 问干什么 What do 例如 My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon What is your father going to do with you this afternoon 3 问什么时候 When 例如 She s going to go to bed at nine When is she going to bed 四 同义句 be going to will Eg I am going to go swimming tomorrow 明天 I will go swimming tomorrow 五 be going to 和 will 的区别 be going to 和 will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况 但 它们的用法是有区别的 1 be going to 主要用于 1 表示事先经过考虑 安排好打算要做的事情 What are you going to do today 今天你们打算做什么 Dad and I going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看 京剧 I am going to play the violin 我打算拉小提琴 She s going to play the piano 她打算弹钢琴 2 表示根据目前某种迹象判断 某事非常有可能发生 e g Look There come the dark clouds It is going to rain I am afraid I am going to have a cold 恐怕我要患重感冒 2 will 主要用于以下几个方面 1 表示单纯的未来 将要 通用各个人称 e g They will go to visit the factory tomorrow 明天他们将去工 厂参观 I ll come with Wang Bing Liu Tao and Yang Ling 我和 王兵 刘涛 杨玲一起来 2 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事 e g Today is Saturday Tomorrow is Sunday 今天是星期六 明天 是 将 是星期日 He will be thirty years old this time next year 明年这个时候他 就 将 三十岁 3 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令 e g Will you please turn on the radio 请打开收音机好吗 C 现在进行时构成 主语 be