必修一unit3知识点讲义.doc

Unit 3 Travel journal 编写人: 刘宇1. transport vt. 运输；运送 n. 运输；运送;交通工具public transport 公共交通 means of transport 交通工具transport sb./ sth. fromto把某人/某物从运送到The goods were transported from the factory to the airport by air. His bike is his only means of transport.The goods were damaged during transport.2. prefer vt. 更喜欢，选择某事（而不选择其他事物），宁愿(preferred- preferring)1)prefer sth/to do sth/ doing sth 喜欢做某事2) prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做3)prefer doing sth to doing sth 与相比，更喜欢4)prefer to dorather than do 宁愿做不愿做5）prefer that (should) do 更喜欢preference为名词，意为偏爱，喜好；优先权She has a preference for blue. Liu Hulan prefers to die rather than give in.I prefer walking to riding a bike/cycling.Their father prefers them to be home early.I prefer bananas to apples.3. disadvantage 为可数名词，意为不利条件，不便之处be a disadvantage to somebody 是某人的弱点be at a disadvantage 处于不利地位put somebody at a disadvantage/ be to ones disadvantage置某人于不利境地/使某人处于劣势The fact that she cannot speak English put her at a disadvantage.To have only one leg is a disadvantage to him.I was at a disadvantage because I didnt speak French.Advantage 意为好处，优点，利益take advantage of利用/占的便宜to ones advantage 对某人有利advantages and disadvantages 利害得失The agreement is to our advantage.A better education gave us the advantage over those who didnt receive education.Youd better advise him to take advantage of the opportunity.4. fare指乘坐公共汽车、轮船、出租车等的费用；（飞机等的）票价a bus/taxi fare 公共汽车/出租车费a single/return/round-trip fare 单程票/返程票/来回票价How much is the air fare to Beijing?Children under 4 go/travel half-fare/travel at full fare/reduced fare/half fare.fee指给律师、医生等专业人员的酬金或（参加考试的）报名费，（加入俱乐部的或入场的）会费或学费等，常用复数形式。a membership fee会费If you want to join, there is an entrance fee of $20.charge 指给予服务后索要的费用或货物的费用。What is the charge for a day at that hotel?5. ever since 从那以后1）since可用作介词、连词或副词，其后可跟时间名词，从句或不跟任何结构，在从句中作时间状语，since从句的时态用一般过去时态，主句常用现在完成时。Ever since their marriage, they have lived happily.2) since从句中的谓语动词，若是延续性的，则表示过去的动作的结束;since从句中的谓语动词若是终止性的，则表示动作的开始。Mr White has lived here since he came to this city.自从怀特先生来到这个城市以来，就一直住在这儿。He has never seen me since I was ill.自从我病愈到现在，他从未来看过我。3)It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时（从句中的动作多不延续）“自从、至今已经多久了”。It has been two years since he left the country.他离开这个国家有两年的时间。6. persuade vt.说服，劝说1） persuade somebody to do something=persuade somebody into doing something 说服某人做某事2） persuade somebody not to do something=persuade somebody out of doing something 说服某人不要做某事3） persuade somebody of something=persuade somebody that从句 使某人相信某事完成句子：It wasnt easy, but I persuaded him to do the right thing.I am almost persuaded of his honesty.She was persuaded into buying an expensive dress.persuade与advisepersuade强调说服、劝说的结果。advise建议。相当于try to persuade,只表达劝说的动作，不表示结果如何。At last I persuaded my brother to take my advice.We advised him to give up smoking, but he wouldnt listen.7. graduate vi. 毕业；n. 大学毕业生graduate from 毕业于学校graduate in 毕业于专业graduation为名词，意为毕业，毕业典礼Mary _graduated_from _high_school_(从高中毕业) two yeas ago.His brother is _a_Harvard_graduate/ a graduate of Harvard_(哈佛大学毕业生).She managed to find a job immediately _after graduation _(在毕业之后).He _graduated in history_(毕业于历史专业).8. schedule 名词，意为时间表，进度表；动词，意为为某事安排时间ahead of/behind/on schedule 提前/未按期/定期be scheduled to do something 定于（时间）做某事/安排/预计做某事be scheduled for 为某事安排时间，定在某一天进行。The president has got a very full/tight schedule today.9. be fond of 喜爱，喜欢I am fond of skating in winter.10. care about 关心；忧虑；惦念care for 照顾；照料；喜欢；愿意take care of (=look after) 照料11. mind n. 意见，想法，理智Try to get her to change her mind about coming with us.设法让她改变主意,不要和我们一块儿去。I wish youd make up your mind whether you are coming or not. 我希望你决定，最后来不来。change ones mind 改变主意 make up ones mind to do sth. 下决心做 speak ones mind 直言不讳 take ones/ sb.s mind off sth. 转移自己/某人的注意力 lose ones mind 发疯 have/ keep ones mind on/ to 专心于某事out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不烦 read ones mind 看出某人的心思bring/call something to (ones) mind 想起/ 回忆起某事have / bear/keep something in mind记住某事, 把某事记在心里come to/ into ones mind浮现在某人的脑海中，想起 Yon can do it if you put your mind to it.如果你全神贯注的话，你能做到的。 12. give in 投降，屈服，让步；提交，递交The young parents gave in and bought the boy for their child.He never gave in in face of difficulty.He gave in to his wife at last.Give your exam papers in to the teacher when you have finished. (hand in/ turn in)give in to 向屈服，让步 give away 赠送，颁发，泄露give up 放弃 give back 归还 give off 发出（光、热、气味、声音等）give out 耗尽，用尽；发布，宣布；筋疲力尽；分发13. Pace作为名词，意为一步，步调；步伐，节奏Please walk/ take ten paces forward.The pace of modern life is becoming faster and faster.作为动词，意为踱步，缓慢而行My sister is pacing up and down inside the room.keep pace with 与并驾齐驱，与齐头并进，跟上的步伐at a walking pace 以步行的速度 at a good pace 相当快地speed up/quicken the pace 加快步伐As it was getting dark, we sped up/quickened the pace.14. bend作为名词，意为弯，拐角There is a sharp bend in the road/river.作为及物动词，意为使弯曲；作为不及物动词，意为弯身，弯腰。( bent, bent)Bend the end of the wire down.bend to something 向屈服bend ones mind to something 专心致志地从事某事We will not bend to the will of anyone.He couldnt bend his mind to his studies.15. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我姐姐。1) 这是一个的强调句式（It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分），意为“就是、，是、”，此结构仅限于强调主语、宾语和状语。强调人称主语要用who或that,强调人称宾语用whom或that,强调物用that.句型转换The letter you got yesterday makes you so sad. (强调划线部分)It was the letter that you got yesterday makes you so sad.The football match had to be put off because of bad weather(强调画线部分).It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off.2) 介词短语fromto意为“从、到、”，在句中作地点状语。介词from和to后面都跟了一个由where引导的宾语从句。16. Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. 虽然她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。Insist 坚持，坚决主张insist on/upon (doing) sth 坚决要求insist on/upon ones doing 坚持要某人做insist that 1)坚持要求/应该，坚决主张，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气 that somebody (should) do something 2）坚持说，坚持（意见、看法），后跟从句用真实语气He insisted that he was right.He insisted that he should do the job.He insisted that he_ nothing wrong and_c_ free.A. should do; set B. had done; set C. had done; be set D. did; was set17. She gave me a determined look- the kind that said she would not change her mind. 她给了我一个坚定的眼神这眼神表明她不会改变主意。determined 为形容词，意为坚定的，坚决的，果断的，有决心的a determined look 坚定的眼神She was determined to go to university.18. at an altitude of= at a height of 意为“在海拔米处”。The plane is flying at a height/ at an altitude of 10,000 feet.at此处表“在处/时，以”,后接年龄、速度、长、宽、深、高、价格、费用等。常见的短语有：at the age/price of at a speed/length/depth/width/distance of19. The air would be hard to breathe.此句型为“主语+be+adj+不定式”结构，其中不定式和主语之间是动宾关系，不定式以主动形式表被动意义，若是不及物动词要加相应的介词。这样的句式限于以下形容词 hard, difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, unfit.English is difficult to learn well in a short time.The building is nice to look at.I hear your new boss is not easy_, so you will have to be more careful.A. to get along with B. get along C. to be got along with D. to be got along20. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.句中once作连词，意为“一旦就，一经便,一就(= as soon as)”Once you begin, you must continue.Once he arrives we can start.21. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.当河水穿过深谷，流经云南西部时变成了急流。as 在该句中用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。travelling across western Yunnan Province 为现在分词短语作状语，伴随主句谓语动作发生。现在分词（短语）作状语时，表示主动关系，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Walking along the street, I met one of my old friends.Learning about Language1. fall off 从跌落；数量减少My glasses fell off the desk and broke.fall behind 落后；落在后面2. A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.不管困难有多大，一个有决心的人总是设法完成工作。no matter how hard it is 为让步状语从句，no matter是连词，意为“不管；无论”，它需要和what/who/when/where等特殊疑问词一起引导让步状语从句。注意：当whoever, whichever, whatever引导名词性从句时，它们不能换成no matter who/which/what等。Using Language1. reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的 Is your watch reliable?rely vi. 信任；信赖 rely on 依靠；依赖 reliability n. 可靠，可靠性2. put up 搭起，建造；举起，抬起；挂起，张贴；给某人提供食宿Put up your hand if you have any questions.We can put you up for the night.put up a building/tentput up a notice/ a posterput away 把收起来，收拾 put out 生产，熄灭put down放下，写下，记下 put on 穿上，增加put off延期 put back 放回原处put ones heart into 全神贯注3. view作为可数名词，意为风景，景色；观点，看法；作为不可数名词，意为视野。There is a view of the river from my window.What is your view on school punish