虚拟语气的用法.ppt

虚拟语气的用法,一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。,条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的。句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用陈述语气。,你如果把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。,Oil floats if you pour it on water.,假若明年我有钱，我就去日本。,If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan.,非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆用虚拟语气。,1 .表示跟现在事实相反,从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），构成If I （we, you, he, they）动词过去式的形式；主句的谓语用would（第二、三人称）/should（第一人称）/might/could动词原形。,要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。,If I were you, I should (would, could, might)tell him the truth.,如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。,If he had time, he would (could, might) go with you.,要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没有问题了。,If my brother were here, everything would be all right.,2 与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语用had过去分词，构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/might have 动词过去分词。,如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。,If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.,假如受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。,He would never have behaved like that if he had had a good education.,假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。,If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time.,3 与将来事实相反,从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或were to do 或should do 形式，主句谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第二、三人称）/could/ might 动词原形。,假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him.,假如他看见我， 就会认识我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,假如我们爬上山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？,If we climbed to the top of the mountain, should we get a good view?,7 含蓄条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段代替条件句。,I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）,He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .（连词）,二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1 在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。,（1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。,我希望知道这个问题的答案。,I wish I knew the answer to the question.,但愿北京全年是秋天。,I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.,她希望仍和祖母住在一起。,She wishes she were still living with her grandmother.,（2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”。,我后悔不该花那么多钱。,I wish I hadnt spent so much money.,他真希望没有失去机会。,He wishes he had not lost the chance.,（3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would动词原形”。,注意：主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动物名词除外）。,但愿雨能停止。,I wish it would stop raining.,但愿你立刻来。,I wish you would come soon.,七、由as if(as though) 或even though(even though) 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had过去分词”。,他那样对待我，好像我式陌生人似的。,He treats me as if I were a stranger.,她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。,She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.,注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,P61 1Fill in the blanks with the words in brackets. You man change the form if necessary.,2 If he had not made many mistakes, he _(pass) the test.3 If you had gone to see the doctor earlier, you _ (fall) seriously ill.4 If you had arrived at the airport ten minutes earlier, you _(miss) the flight.5 If you _(be) here last night, you would have met the well-known cancer expert.,would have passed,would not have fallen,would not have missed,had been,7 If the little girl should take piano lessons, she _(have) less free time.8 If we had listened to her advice and brought a map with us, we_(lose) our way.9 If he _ (see) you yesterday, he would have told you.10 If it were to rain tomorrow, we _(go) for a picnic.,would have,would not have lost,had seen,would not go,2 Join the pairs of sentence using the Subjunctive Mood.,1 The old man died of a sudden heart attack./ He was not sent to hospital in time.2 The boy died of an electric shock./ He touched the electric wires.4 The woman was gas-poisoned./ She did not open the window while cooking.,5 The worker fell down the ladder and broke his le