unit 3 where principles come first稿.doc

Unit 3, Book ThreeI. Section A: Where Principles Come FirstObjectives:1. Learn something about education and its aim.2. Explore the potential abilities of the students3. Master CET 4 words and language points.Lead-in1. What is the purpose of education?“教育的本质意味着：一棵树摇动另一棵树，一朵云推动另一朵云，一个灵魂唤醒另一个灵魂。” ( Jaspers )Education has for its object the formation of character. (Spencer)教育的目的在于品德的培养。 (斯宾塞)Education is not an end, but a means to end.教育不是目的，而是一种达到目的的手段。An educational system should be one in which the love of learning, rather than the acquisition of facts, is cultivated. 教育应该培养学生酷爱学习，而不仅仅是为了获取事实。It is wrong to spoon-feed the students. 对学生进行填鸭式教育是错误的。Education polishes good natures, and corrects bad ones.教育可以光大善良的天性，纠正邪恶的天性。2. For what do you come to college？References1) Some may focus so much of their time on academic achievement that2) Some may build up their ability in living on their own, so as to 3) Some may extend their talent for a specialty in order to 4) Some may attach more weight to the romance and pleasure II. Background Information1.The Hyde School: In 1966, Joseph W. Gauld founded the first Hyde School in Bath, Maine in response to a system of education which he believed was failing its children because of too much focus on academic achievement rather than character. His search for a new approach in education led to a program that valued attitude over aptitude, effort over ability, and character over talent. The school cherishes the idea that educational reform must begin with the family. Actually the Family Education Program is what makes the Hyde education unique. The school believes that parents are the primary teachers and the home is the primary classroom. This involvement of families for more than 35 years has led the school to a number of discoveries. Who Am I?One of Hydes basic purposes is to develop students character. This focus on character unleashes the deepest motivation in students self-discovery. The school helps students answer these three questions:-Who am I?-Where am I going?-What do I need to do to get there?2. About Education SystemThe United States has both public schools and private schools.Public schools are government-controlled at the city level, with standards being set partially at the state and federal level. Generally speaking, the city has the most influence on the schools, followed by the state, and finally by the federal government. Funding for public schools comes from all three levels of government, the primary source being local property taxes paid by home owners. There is no charge for attending public schools. Private schools, on the other hand, can be quite expensive to attend. So why do parents send their children to private schools? There are several reasons. One is status. Some private schools are highly regarded, and lend prestige to their students and alumni. Another reason is quality of education, although there are some public schools that offer education superior to private schools. A third reason is wishing to avoid problems associated with a small number of students at certain public schools, including violence and drug use. The other reason is religion. Some parents want their children to attend schools that teach religion as well as academics, which is prohibited by law in the public schools.3.1 Pre-reading ActivitiesStep 3. Lead-in and preparation for readingShow the Ss some pictures and backgroundground information on the text. Let Ss talk to each other about the topic on the screen. 1. what are the principles?Teach students the merit of such values as truch, courage, integrityand academic achievement naturally follows. Prepare kids for a way of life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids.2. what is the Hyde School famous for?It is famous for its work with troubled youngsters.3. what is inner-city school?Schools that are located in the older, central part of a city, which is typically characterized by crowed neighborhoods in which low-income, often minority groups predominate.4. what are the beneficial results of the Hyde Schools principles?The teachers begin to focus on having a fruitful relationship with each student. The teacher-student relationship is taken een further at Hyde. The students, for example, Jimmy DiBattista had been turned positive.Step 4. Preparation for details of the text on the screenNew Words publicity n. 1. U public notice or attention 公众的注意；名声seek/avoid publicity 追求/避免公众注意When the news media and the public show a lot of interest in something, you can say that it is receiving publicity.当新闻媒体和公众对某事物表现出很大兴趣时，你就可以说这事引起了公众关注。The film actresss marriage got a lot of publicity. 这位女电影演员的婚姻引起了公众的极大关注。2. U (business of) providing information in order to attract public attention; advertising （商业）广告，宣传，宣扬The concert wasnt given much advance publicity, so many tickets remained unsold. 音乐会事先没有做很多宣传，所以许多票没有卖出去。The publicity material sent out by the company stressed their concern for the environment. 这个公司散发的宣传材料强调了他们对环境的关心。 public adj. 公众的The campaign was designed to increase public awareness of the problem.这个运动的目的在于提高公众对这一问题的认识。 publicize v.宣传 an advertising campaign to publicize the new train service为新投入运营的铁路路线而开展的宣传活动cultivate vt. 1. develop and improve 培养，陶冶，发展At this school we aim to cultivate the minds of all the children we teach. 在这所学校里，我们旨在陶冶学生的心灵。She seems to spend her life trying to cultivate her career. 她的一生似乎都在成就其事业。Over time，we can build great character，achieve great success and cultivate great virtue. 时间可以造就人格，可以成就事业，也可以储积功德。 2. prepare and use (land, soil, etc.) for growing crops 耕种，耕作Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate. 那里的大部分土地太贫瘠，无法耕种。 comprehensive a. that includes (nearly) everything综合的，全面的，广泛的She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她对该问题有全面的理解。We offer you a comprehensive training in all aspects of the business. 我们将就本企业的各个方面对你进行综合性的训练。 controversial a. causing disagreement or discussion 有争议的，引起争议的He is a controversial person. 他是一个很有争议的人。He wrote a very controversial book but I think hes since regretted it. 他写了一本很有争议的书，但我想他随后就后悔了。 suspend vt. 1. stop or cause to be not active暂停，中止The shipping service has been suspended because of bad weather.因为天气恶劣，船运服务被暂停了。Both governments are refusing to suspend hostilities.两国政府都拒绝停止敌对行动。14.6 2011年3月，日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站。Chinas nuclear energy development stopped after the nuclear power station accident in Japan in March, 2011.the approval of new new nuclear power plants was suspended. 2. hang sth. up悬挂A lamp is suspended from the ceiling. 天花板上吊着一盏灯。to suspend a student from school 勒令休学 to suspend a jail sentence 缓刑Drivers risk having their licenses suspended for drunk driving.司机们如果酒后驾车会有吊销驾照的危险。suspension n. 悬挂；延缓 suspense n. 悬念，忧虑,悬而不决 strain n. 1. C, U severe demand on ones mental or physical strength, abilities, etc.（对精力、体力、能力的）苛求，压力He finds his new job a real strain. 他发现他的新工作的确太紧张了。The recent decline in the dollar has put a bigger strain on the economic system. 最近美元贬值给经济体系带来了更大的压力。2. C, U condition of being pulled tightly拉紧，绷紧The rope broke under the strain. 绳被拉断了。 vt. 1. hurt or weaken (esp. a part of the body) by stretching too much or trying too hard 扭伤，损伤Dont read in this light or youll strain your eyes!不要在这种光线下看书，否则会损伤你的眼睛！I strained a muscle in my back playing tennis. 我打网球时拉伤了背部的肌肉。2. stretch sth. tightly by pulling拉紧，绷紧They strained the rope between the two posts. 他们绷紧两根柱之间的绳子。3. use to the greatest possible degree 尽力使用，使紧张She strained her ears and tried to hear what they were saying.她竖起耳朵想听清他们在说些什么。He strained his eyes to catch a glimpse of the President.他竭尽目力想看总统一眼。 vi. use all ones power, energy, etc. (to do sth.)竭力，尽全力I was straining to hear what they were saying. 我正尽力听他们在说些什么。She strained against the ropes which tied her. 她使劲挣扎试图使捆在她身上的绳子松开。 strain ones wit绞尽脑汁 strain ones ears/eyes费劲地听/看 A gentleman is open-minded and optimistic; a small person is narrow-minded and pessimistic. 君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。preliminary a. coming before or preparing for a more important action or event预备的，初步的In preliminary discussions, American officials rejected the requests. 在初步讨论中，美国官员拒绝了这些要求。Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the competition.我队在预赛中被打败了。n. (usu. pl.) sth. done first, to introduce or prepare for later things 初步做法，准备工作After a few polite preliminaries, we stated our main ideas.几句开场白后，我们陈述了主要观点。There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through before you can visit certain foreign countries.在访问某些国家之前，你有许多准备工作要做。 magnet n. 1. C a person or thing that has a powerful attraction有强大吸引力的人或物This disco is a magnet for young people.这种迪斯科舞厅对青年人很有吸引力。The United States has always acted as a magnet to people seeking fame and fortune.美国一直像磁铁一样吸引着寻求名利的人。2. C an object that is able both to attract iron and steel objects and to push them away 磁铁，磁体A magnet attracts nails.磁铁能吸铁钉。 quest n. C a long search for sth. that is difficult to find探寻，寻求，研究Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth.没有什么可以阻止他们对真理的探索。She does exercises four times a week in her quest to achieve the perfect figure.为了追求完美体形，她一周锻炼四次。 reform v. become or make better by putting right errors, mistakes, etc.改革，改进，改良Who will reform this unfair system?谁将改革这一不公正的制度？n. U, C reforming or being reformed; a change that puts right errors, mistakes, etc.改革，改造Some reforms to the system will be necessary.对该制度进行一些改革是有必要的。The government decided to carry out a program of social reform.政府决心实行一个社会改革计划。 moral n. 1. (pl.) standards of behavior; principles of right and wrong行为标准，道德规范；品行A societys morals change slowly as time passes.随着时间的流逝，社会的道德规范也会慢慢发生变化。He has no morals and will do anything for money.他不讲道德，为了钱什么都干。2. C a practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches寓意The moral of this story is that honesty is always the best policy.这个故事的寓意是诚实总是上策。I am afraid that you dont quite understand the moral of this story.恐怕你并不十分明白这个故事的寓意。a. concerning principles of right and wrong道德的Its her moral duty to tell the police what she knows.把她所知道的告诉警察是她道义上的责任。It is not part of a writers job to make moral judgments.做道德上的判断不是作家的工作。 admission n. 1. U entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school, etc.允许进入，准许加入Admission to British universities depends on examination results.英国大学的录取依考试成绩而定。Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only.只有持邀请函者才可进入展览会。2. C, U admitting承认，供认I felt he would see my giving up as an admission that I was wrong.我觉得他会认为我放弃是承认自己错了。They made admission that their newspaper had been fooling the public.他们承认自己的报纸一直在愚弄公众。 outlook n. 1. C (usu. sing.) a persons way of understanding and thinking about sth.观点，看法He has a fairly narrow outlook on life.他对人生的看法相当狭隘。2. C (usu. sing.) the likely future situation前景The outlook should improve next year, as the economy improved.明年的前景应该有所改善，因为经济已经好转。The outlook for the company seems fairly bright.这个公司的前景似乎相当光明。 attendance n. 1. C the number of people present出席人数Theyre expecting a large attendance at the meeting.他们希望有很多人出席大会。Attendances at church are falling.到教堂去的人数在减少。2. U, C action or time of being present到场，出席，参加You have missed several attendances this term.这学期你已缺勤好几次了。Attendance at the lectures is necessary.这些讲座是必须参加的。3.U the act of waiting on sb.护理，照料The nurse is in constant attendance on the patient.那位护士一直护理着那个病人。Now that the patient is out of danger, the doctor is no longer in attendance.既然病人已经脱离险境，医生就不再照顾他了。 utmost n. U the greatest, furthest or most extreme degree or point极限，最大限度Our endurance was tested to the utmost.我们的忍耐力受到了最大限度的考验。The new model of the car offers the utmost in power.这款新车提供了最大的动力。 a. the greatest; the most possible 最大的，极度的I need to speak to you on a matter of utmost importance.我需要和你谈一件极为重要的事情。His giving up has put us in a position of the utmost difficulty.他的放弃已经把我们置于一个极度困难的境地。 faculty n. 1. C the people who teach in a school or a college全体教员The faculty is meeting tomorrow at 10 a.m.全体教员明天上午10点开会。He joined the faculty of Columbia University.他成了哥伦比亚大学的一名教员。2. C the special ability to do sth.能力，才能，资质A schools job is to cultivate students critical faculties.学校的任务是培养学生判断事物的思维能力。I kept my mental and critical faculties alive.我保持着敏锐的思维能力和评判能力。 see sb./sth. as consider sb. or sth. to be认为某人或某物是 prepare sb. for sth. make sb. ready for sth.使做好准备The doctor prepared my mother for her operation.医生使我母亲做好接受手术的准备。Prepare yourselves for a surprise when you go into the room.你们走进这个房间时，要做好大吃一惊的准备。 spread (sth.) to (cause sth. to) become widely known（使）传播We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends.我们受托把这消息传达给我们所有的朋友。 be scheduled to do be arranged to do被安排，定于She is scheduled to give a speech tonight.她定于今晚作演讲。The train is scheduled to arrive at 8:45, but its running twenty minutes late.这列火车预定于8:45到达，但是它晚点了20分钟。 over protest despite opposition在有异议的情况下She paid the fine over protest.她极不情愿地交付了罚款。 take responsibility for be responsible for对. .负责任You should take responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.你有责任课后清理教室。The chairman took the full responsibility for the accident.主席承认对事故负有全责。 complete with including; fully supplied with包括，备有He wore the whole rabbit outfit, complete with teeth.他穿了一整套装扮成兔子的衣服，齐全得连牙齿都有。 work out 1.plan, develop or produce by a process of thought计划，设计，想出Well work out our schedule.我们将制定出一份时间表。They have worked out a new plan of attack.他们制定出了新的进攻计划。2. find the answer to sth.解决难题，找到. .的方法We do have trouble in our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out between us without professional help.我们的关系确实有些问题，不过我觉得我们可以不要专家的帮助，而在我们两人之间解决。At your age, you should be able to work out your own future.在你这个年龄，你应该能够决定自己的前途。 Step 5. Text Stucture AnalysisLook at the stucture of the text on the screen. Make the student clear about the text.Text structure: ( structured writing )Purpose: Improve the students reading and writing ability and understand the general idea of each paragraph.Method: Read the text individually and talk in groups; Use task-based language teaching method, reading approach, communicative approach and total physical response method.Where Principles Comes FirstQuertion 1: What are the principles?Teach students the merit of such values as truth, courage, integrityand academic achievement naturally follows. Prepare kids for a way of life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids. Question 2: Are the Hyde principles accepted by other schools?The efforts to make the Character First idea accepted by public schools:Failure in spreading the Hyde principles:The first Hyde public school program opened in September 1992, which was suspended within months.Reasons: teachers protested the programs demands and the strain associated with more intense work.The Hyde School principles being appreciated: the Hyde Foundation opened another program in a public high school in the suburbs of New Haven, Connecticut. At the school, the quest for truth is also widespread. Students were asked to exchange their evaluations on their class performance.Question 3 : What are the detailed principles or approaches advocated by the Hyde School?The Hyde Schools approaches to education:the school assumes:1. Every human being has a unique potential based on character, not intelligence or wealth.2. conscience and hard work are valued.3. success is measured by growth, not academic achievement.4. students are required to take responsibility for each other.Courses and management:1. The school provides preparation for college, with a curriculum complete with English, history, math and science.2. all students are required to take performing arts and sports, and to provide a community service.3. for each course, students get a grade for academic achievement and for “best effort”. 1. a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture is requiring commitment and participation from parents2. difficulties occur in carrying out the requirements3. once the parents are convinced, Hydes requirements4. once the parents are convinced, Hydes requirement of parents participation should work well in public schools.Question 4: What are the beneficial results of the Hyde Schools principles?beneficial results for the teachers as well as the students for the students:Beneficial results for the teachers:1. beginning to focus on having a fruitful relationship with each student.2. the teacher-student relationship is taken even further at Hyde: Faculty evaluations are conducted by the students.Beneficial results for the students:One example: Jimmy DiBattista, 19, who had seen his future as jail, not college, had been turned positive. Now he plans to attend a university.3.2 While-reading ActivitiesStep 6. Intensive readingSs are asked to read the passage carefully again and answer some detailed questions on the screen. During the reading, there is an explanation for the following points:Language Points: 1)Sb. does sth. on the principle that 某人做某事的原则是应用：a.他处理错综复杂情况的宗旨是：纲举则目张。He deals with complicated matters on the principle that if you seize hold of the key link, then everything falls into place应用：b.她的处世原则是：与人方便，自己方便。She conducts herself in society on the principle that, if you make things easy fo