2005地大(北京)考博英语真题.doc

2005PRAT 1.lmagine that you are on a train to Shanghai.In the seats in front of you there are two foreigners, and you can hear their conversation. One of them is telling the other about his job.He says what he does,not what he is or what field (profession or occupation)he is in.On your paper you see a list of the names of people in 60 different occupations or professions.As you listen,decide what the speaker is.Then find the correct word on the list and write the nunber beside it in the proper blank on your answer sheet.For instance,suppose you hear this:(Speaker P)“Well,I dont enjoy lecturing very much,especially to younger students,but I do love my research.Id be so happy if I could spend every day in the lab with my graduate students and postdocs.However,thats just not the way university departments operate.”You decide that the speaker must be a professor,so you find “a professor”on your list.You see that the number beside it is 61;you then write the number 61; in the blank beside p on your answer sheet.By the way,in reality there is no P and no 61,and“a professor”is not one of the choices on your list. This is just a theoretical example.You will now have three minutes to read the list.SILENCEAll right,now lets begin!15 points1 an accountant 会计 31 a librarian 2 an actor 32 a mathematician 数学家 3 an airline pilot民航驾驶员 33 a mechanic机修工（技工）4 an architect建筑师 34 a mechanical engineer机械工程师5 an astronomer 天文学家 35 a military officer6 a biologist 36 a novelist小说作家7 a chef 烹调师 37 a nurse8 a civil engineer土木工程师（建筑）38 a paleontologist古生物作家9 a concert pianist高级钢琴演奏师 39 a press photographer新闻摄影师10 a construction worker 40 a plumber管道维修工（水暖工）11 a corporate executive企业执行总裁 41 a poet诗人12 a dentist牙医 42 a police detective侦探（刑警）13 a dietician营养师 43 a police patrolman普通警察（巡警）14 a diplomat外交官 44 a pop singer流行歌手15 an electrician电工 45 a postman邮递员16 a fashion designer时装设计师 46 a private businessman私营企业家（个体商人）17 a film critic电影评论家 47 a private detective私人侦探18 a film director 电影导演 48 a psychiatrist心理医生19 a flight attendant飞机乘务员 49 a psychologist心理学家20 a florist花店老板 50 a publisher出版商21 a geologist 51 a radio announcer电台播音员22 a geopgysicist 52 a schoolteacher(primary)23 a graphic designer图形设计员 53 a schoolteacher(secondary)24 a hairdresser发型设计师 54 a software engineer25 a hardware engineer硬件工程师 55 a store clerk/shop assistant26 a hotel manager 56 a surgeon 外科医生27 a journalist 57 a tax official税务员28 a judge法官 58 a travel agent 旅行社职员29 a lab technician 59 a university student30 a lawyer 60 a vet 宠物医生（兽医）PART 2. Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A,B,C or D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter found under that part in the proper space on your answer sheet.If the four underlined parts are all good English and there is no error in the sentence, then write E in the space on your answer sheet. REMEMBER! You always have FIVE possible choices: A,B,C,D or E(= no error).1. The Chinese characters for “coal” and “bad luck” have the same sound (mei), so Asome superstitious people are convinced that digging for coal means bringing bad lucks to B C Doneself.2. Wang Weiping went to the US as a visiting scholar for a year and a half. When he A Breturned back to Beijing, he established ajoint research project with the geologists Con the campus where he had done his research. D3. Half of samples we brought back from our expedition to northwestern Tibet are being A B Canalysed in this lab. The other half are being analysed in a lab at Columbia University. D4. In recent years India has witnessed many terrible fires in factories and dormitories. The Areasons of these fires are usually clear, but this has not led to much effective action to B Ccut the number of deaths from such disasters. D5. After graduating from Fudan University and working for SINOPEC for five years, Li A BWeidong went to Australia to study for a MBA. He expects to get his business degree in early 2006. C D6. That construction firm has a poor safety record. When a worker gets hurt or killed, the A Bmanagers usually give certain amount of compensation to the family of the victim, but they Cdont take the safety problem very seriously. D7. Thank you very much indeed for editing my latest paper and speaking to Professor Johnson A Babout my precarious financial situation. I greatly appreciate all your helps. C D8. Fatalities in Chinas coal mines are much too common. No matter whether the mines are large or small, A Bthe death rate from accidents is unacceptably high. Miners need better safety, Cnot better safety regulations. D9. Yesterday a police stopped me on the street and asked me to show my identification papers. I A Bhad no idea why he was stopping me and he wouldnt explain his action. C D10. The only trip that I have ever taken abroad was to South Korea, but I have ever traveled to 18 A Bprovinces of China, including Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai. I hope to travel to India on business C Dnext year. 11. In part because of increased demand from China and India, Aboth which have rapidly growing economies, the prices of oil, iron and other key resources Bhave almost doubled since the early 1990s. C D12. I stepped up to the inspection window, then I showed the customs official my ticket, passport and Aentry card. He studied my visa for what seemed a long time before he B Cfinally handed everything back to me. D13. Three Chinese leading geologists came to the conference and took part in a very stimulating A B Cpanel discussion. It was on the spread of deserts worldwide and ways to halt their expansion. D14. Yesterday Li Weidong and I took a small truck to Tianjin to pick up some new A Bequipments for our laboratory. On the way back we had to change a tire. C D15. It wasnt until Anne received Johns letter from Brazil that she learned of his decision to A Bbreak off their engagement. He hadnt had the courage to tell her directly, so he Cinformed her by letter instead. D16. Over the years I have found that Chinese students who usually have good math training tend to A Bmake better technicians than students from Iran, Egypt or Latin America. Of course, Cthere are exceptions.D17. Zhang Jianguo became a computer engineer chiefly because his parents urged him that Ahaving computer skills would always make it possible for him to get a good job and B Cearn plenty of money. D18. In order to do research in this border area we must first apply for permission from A Bthe China government. I am not sure how easy it will be for us to get such permission for work C Dthis summer. Its already May now, after all.19. Some geographers predict that Beijing and Tianjin will eventually grow together, becoming one A Bgigantic urban complex with 40 million inhabitants. Tianjin, which is in the southeast of Beijing, C Dtoday has about half the population of the capital.20. Both Henan and Anhui have good rail links with the rest of China, but Anhui benefits from Abeing closer to the Shanghai area. Otherwise the economic problems that Henan Bfaces are more or less the same with those of Anhui. C DPART 3. Read the two articles below carefully and completely. (Notice that the paragraphs are numbered.) Then answer the questions that follow. In each case write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheet.You are not allowed to use a dictionary. However, we have provided short lists of difficult words with their definitions to help you read the two texts. Read the vocabulary lists before you begin the articles. VOCABULARY FOR PASSAGE 1a blood vessel:a tiny tube that carries blood through your bodybonus points: extra points (in a competition that the person with the greatest number of points wins)a chamber: a room or compartment. The human heart has four chambers.evolution: the gradual change in plant and animal species over long periods of natural history. Related adjective: evolutionarya hormone: a chemical produced by your body that stimulates and controls processes such as growth and sexual developmentmenopause: the time in a womans life when she loses the ability to become pregnantto procreate: to reproducea treadmill: a piece of exercise equipment with a flat moving surface that you walk or run on while staying in the same placean ultrasonic scan: a way of examining an inner part of the body by using very high-frequency sound to create a pictureveteran (adj): having long experiencea volunteer: someone who offers to do something without being forced, or sometimes without being paid1Women live longer than men. This is unfair, but true. In developed countries the average difference in lifespans is five or six years. In the poor world the gap is smaller, owing to the risks of childbirth, but nowhere is it absent. The question is why?2That question can be answered at two levels. An evolutionary biologist would tell you that it is because women get evolutionary bonus points from living long enough to help bring up the grandchildren. Men, by contrast, wear themselves out competing for the right to procreate in the first place. That is probably true, but not much help to the medical profession. However, a group of researchers at John Moores University, in Liverpool, England, has just come up with a medically useful answer. It is that while 70-year-old men have the hearts of 70-year-olds, those of their female peers resemble the hearts of 20-year-olds.3Professor David Goldspink and his fellow researchers looked at 250 volunteers aged between 18 and 80 over the course of two years. All the volunteers were healthy but physically inactive. The teams principal finding was that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25% between the ages of 18and 70,while that of the female heart remains undiminished.4Each volunteers heart function was measured before exercise and at peak exertion on a treadmill. In particular, the researchers measured blood flow and blood pressure. Their subjects were also given an ultrasonic scan to measure the size of the chambers of their hearts, the thickness of the hearts muscular wall, and its filling and emptying actions.5The researchers found that between the ages of 20 and 70, men lose one-third of the contractile muscle cells in the walls of their hearts. Over the same period, women lose hardly any contractile cells. There is a strong link between the number of these cells and the function of the heart. What remains a mystery is why men lose these cells and women do not.6A previous theory of why women outlive men suggested that the female sex hormone, oestrogen, could have a protective effect on the heart, But Dr Goldspink dismisses this idea, saying that there is no discernible drop-off in female heart function after menopause, when oestrogen levels decrease dramatically. However, oestrogen does have a beneficial effect on blood vessels. The study found that blood flow to the muscles and skin of the limbs decreases with age in both sexes. The changes in the structure of the blood vessels occur earlier in men, but women catch up soon after menopause.7Its not all bad news for men, though. In a related study, the team found that the hearts of veteran male athletes were as powerful as those of inactive 20-year-old male undergraduates. But can men really recover lost heart function after a lifetime of inactivity and poor diet? Is it ever too late to start exercising? “I think the answer is no,” says Dr Goldspink, “The health benefits to be gained from sensible exercise are to be recommended, regardless of age,” So if you are male and middle-aged, get on with it.1 Professor Goldspink and his colleagues discovered thatA women have stronger hearts than men do B mens hearts are damaged by the effort to procreateC childbirth weakens womens heartsD mens hearts lose power as they age2 Dr Goldspinks group used ultra-sound to A assess the characteristics and operating capacity of each volunteers heartB check the size of the area surrounding each volunteers heart C create pictures of each volunteers heart as it filled and emptiedD measure the efficiency of each volunteers heart before and after exercise on the treadmill3 According to the facts presented in the article, the female hormone oestrogenA shields the female heart from the effects of agingB promotes the flow of blood to a womans arms and legs C causes a decline in female heart function after menopauseD greatly improves the quality of blood in women4 At menopause, the amount of oestrogen in a womans bodyA rises slightlyB fluctuatesC plunges D soars5 Most males reading this article would probably conclude that they shouldA eat a richer diet B be more careful about the kind of exercise they get C give up smokingD get more exerciseVOCABULARY FOR PASSAGE 2to abate: to become less intenseto annihilate something: to destroy something completelyan asteroid: a large piece of rock traveling in spaceto bombard something: to attack something by throwing objects at it and hitting it many times. Related noun: bombardmentto be bound to happen: Something that is “bound to happen” will almost certainly happen.a comet: a ball of dust and ice that travels through space on a regular path. We see a comet as a bright object in the sky with a tail of light.detritus: waste material left after something has been destroyed, used or erodedgenesis: the beginning, birth or origin of somethinga long shot: something that is not very likely to succeed (but which MAY succeed)a lull in something: a period of little or no activity, a period of calma microbe: a tiny living thing that can be seen only through a microscopeNASA: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the US space agencyorganic: having the element carbon(C) as one of its componentstantalizing (adj):exciting to think about, but perhaps not obtainalbeto teem:to be abundant, to abound, to exist in great numbers to underpin something: to be a key part of the basis for something1When I was a student in the 1960s, anyone who believed that there might be life on other planets was considered a crackpot. Now all that has changed. The claim that life is widespread in the universe is not only respectable, it also underpins NASAs ambitious astrobiology program. Find another Earth-like planet, astrobiologists say, and life should have happened there too. NASA is spending billions of dollars to search for life on Mars, the most Earth-like of our sister planets. But we may not need to go all the way to Mars to find another sample of life. It could be present under our very noses. No planet is more Earth-like than Earth itself, so if life started here once, it could actually have started many times over.2Geologists believe life established itself on Earth about four billion years age. Australian rocks dated at 3.5 billion years contain fossilized traces suggesting that microbes were already well established by then. But the ancient Earth was not a pleasant place. Huge asteroids and comets mercilessly pounded the planet; the biggest impacts would have covered our globe in burning rock vapor, boiling the oceans dry and sterilizing the surface worldwide.3How did life emerge amid this violence? Quite probably it was a stop-and go affair, with life first forming during a lull in the bombardment, only to be annihilated by the next big impact. Then the process was repeated, over and over. As the bombardment began to abate and the impacts diminished in severity, isolated colonies of primitive microbes sheltering deep underground managed to survive. One of these colonies was